【备战2023高考】英语全复习——专题22：句子翻译（上）-精讲精练（上海用）

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►专题22 句子翻译（上）+高考题型组合练
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考点精讲







【考情链接】
上海高考英语翻译题，是对考生词汇、语法、句型结构等基础知识和实际运用能力的综合考查。高考中汉译英多为简单句或复合句，题目所给定的提示词汇也是常用词，但学生必须在比较两种语言的基础上，结合所学的语言知识翻译出不仅意思准确，而且符合英语表达习惯的好句子。上海历年高考中译英的考察点主要有：时态、语态、谓语与非谓语动词、倒装、连词、三大从句、特殊句式、词组及固定搭配等。值得注意的是近年试题中经常出现一些华丽的中文词藻或日常生活化表达。

【要点梳理】
Ø 要点一：高考翻译技巧
1. 直译和意译
直译和意译没有明确界限，往往是一句汉语整体可以直译，但局部（特别是成语和俗语）却要通过意译。注意逻辑主语的变化。
【例1】(2020上海春考） 每周三，这些大学生都会雷打不动地去孤儿院做志愿者，教孩子们剪纸和编织。(a rule)
【思路解析】句中“雷打不动”无法直接翻译，只能意译为：make it a rule to do sth.表示“使做某事成为常规”。
【参考答案】Those college students make it a rule to go to the orphanage to work as volunteers every Wednesday,
【详解】考查非谓语动词、时态和固定句式。根据句意和提示词可知，本句使用固定句式：make it a rule to do，表示“使做某事成为常规”，时间状语“每周三”表明是经常或反复发生的动作，用一般现在时，同时使用非谓语动词，“大学生”与“教”之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作伴随状语，故翻译为：Every Wednesday，these university students make it a rule to do volunteer service in the orphanage, teaching children paper-cutting and knitting.
【例2】(2019上海高考）爷爷有点耳背，对他耐心一点。(patient）
【思路解析】句中“耳背”无法直译，只能意译为：a little deaf或something wrong with one's ears。
【参考答案】Grandpa is a little deaf and be patient with him./There is something wrong with grandpa's ears, so be patient with him.
【详解】考查短语和时态。结合句意表示“耳背”可翻译为there be something wrong with one's ears；表示“对某人耐心”短语为be patient with sb.；此处为so连接并列句，且前半句陈述事实应用一般现在时，后半句为肯定祈使句，句首动词用原形。故翻译为There is something wrong with grandpa's ears, so be patient with him.
【例3】（2020年春考）这首歌在今年的艺术节上首发时，因其旋律欢快，风格诙谐引起轰动，但只是昙花一现。（when）
【思路解析】此句中“昙花一现”’可以意译为：its popularity didn’t last long / but it lasted (for) only a very short time/ period.；也可以直译为：a flash in the pan。
【参考答案】When first released at the opening ceremony of the Art Festival, this song caused a sensation / made a stir because of / for/ due to its cheerful melody and humorous style, but it was just a flash in the pan./ but it didn’t last long. / but it lasted (for) only a very short time/ period.
/The song caused a stir/sensation /became a hit for its cheerful melody and comic style when it was first performed/released at the Art Festival this year, but its popularity didn’t last long/a flash in the pan .
【详解】本题考查了when引导的时间状语从句，考查的词汇和词组并不难，“昙花一现”看似难翻，但只要表达清楚意思就可以了。
【例4】这部基于那场重要战争的电影一上映就很卖座。(Hardly)
【思路解析】此句中“很卖座”不能直接一一对应翻译，只能意思是翻译，意译为： it attracted a large audience。
【参考答案】Hardly had the film about the important battle been released when it attracted a large audience.
【详解】考查倒装句、否定副词、介词、时态、名词、形容词和短语。表示“基于”应用介词about；表示“这部电影”应用名词短语the film；表示“重要的”应用形容词important；表示“那场战争”应用名词短语the battle；表示“上映”应用动词release；表示“卖座”应用动词短语attract a large audience。根据所给副词“Hardly”几乎不的意思和首字母的大写形式可知，这句话需要Hardly放在句首的部分倒装结构“Hardly…when…”一……就……，该短语要求从句为一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，部分倒装时，助动词had置于主语之前。故翻译为Hardly had the film about the important battle been released when it attracted a large audience.

2. 适当加减词
【例1】他虽然退休了，但仍然关心着公司的业务。
【答案】Though he has retired, he still cares about the company’s business.
【思路解析】从句“但仍然关心着公司的业务”中文主语省略了，翻译时候主句需加上主语“he”.
【例2】这款手机样式新颖、携带方面，深受年轻人的欢迎。 (2005上海高考)
【答案】The mobile phone is fashionable in style and convenient to carry, so it is very popular with youngsters.
/The mobile phone is fashionable in style and convenient to carry, and it is very popular with youngsters.
【思路解析】中文两个分句有因果关系或并列关系，故翻译时，当并列句需加“and”；当主从句时，需加上从属连词“so”。
【例3】根据科学家们的看法，自然界要用500年的时间才能形成一英寸厚的表面土壤。
【答案】According to scientists, it takes nature 500 years to create an inch of topsoil.
【思路解析】根据英语表达，此处“....看法”可以省略不必翻译。
【例4】究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性？(motivate)（2019上海春考）
【答案】What on earth motivated Xiao Wang to study / learn electronic engineering?
/What was it that motivated Xiao Wang to study / learn electronic engineering?
【思路解析】根据英语表达及句子成分分析，此处“....的积极性”可以省略不必翻译。
【例5】 物理课上，他没听懂王教授所讲的内容。(fail) （2006上海春考）
【答案】In the physics class, he failed to understand what Professor Wang was talking about.
【思路解析】根据英语表达及句子成分分析，此处“....的内容”可以省略不必翻译。

3. 语序的变化
【例1】博物馆疏于管理，展品积灰，门厅冷清，急需改善。(whose)（2019上海春考）
【答案】The museum,whose exhibits are dusty, badly needs to be improved because of its few visitors and poor management.
【思路解析】此句中文表达简洁，多为四字格，疏于管理not well managed/management is reckless，被灰尘覆盖be covered with dust/be piled with dust，游客稀少few visitors ，亟需改善be badly in need of improvement/requires immediate improvement 。翻译时，厘清主句从句关系，化繁为简，适当调整句子语序。故翻译为his museum is not well managed whose exhibits are covered with dust and there are few visitors so everything is badly in need of improvement.或The museum whose management is reckless whose exhibits are piled with dust and whose lobby is deserted /requires immediate improvement.
【例2】在线预订出租车虽然很时尚，但许多相关问题尚待解决。(as)
【答案】Fashionable as booking taxis online is, many related problems remain to be solved.
【思路解析】根据中文所给提示词，as 当“虽然，尽管” 引导让步状语从句需用倒装语序。

4. 词性的合理变化
【例1】人们现在随时能在超市买到新鲜牛奶。（available）
【答案】Nowadays fresh milk can available to people at anytime at the supermarket.
【思路解析】句中动词“买到”转换为形容词短语“sth. be available to sb”, 且注意中英文语序发生了变化。
【例2】学生不能进入教师阅览室。 ( access n.)
【答案】Students have no access to the teachers’ reading room.
【思路解析】句中动词“进入”转换为含名词短语“have/get access to”, 词性发生了变化。
【例3】网上支付方便了用户，但是牺牲了他们的隐私。(at the cost of)
【答案】Online payment makes it easier for users, but (it is) at the cost of their privacy
【思路解析】句中动词“牺牲了”转换为含名词短语“at the cost of ”, 词性发生了变化。

Ø 要点二：高考翻译题常设考点
1、 时态语态
【例1】我第一次写英语作文时，犯了很多拼写错误。（make）
【答案】The first time I wrote an English composition, I made a lot of spelling mistakes.
【例1】这是他第一次回老家过年，是吗？(time)
This is the first time that he has gone back hometown to spend the Spring Festival, isn’t it?
【例3】当时，那位出租车司机别无选择，只能求助于游客。（choice）
【答案】At that time the taxi driver had no choice but to turn to the tourist / traveler (for help).
【例4】在过去几年里，这家工厂用塑料代替木头来降低成本。(substitute)
【答案】In the past few years, this factory has substituted plastic for wood in order to reduce the cost.
【例5】应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识用于实践中去。(apply)
【答案】Students should be encouraged to apply what they have learned in class to practice.

2、以“it”用法为主的考点
【例1】正是那场突如其来的大雨打乱了他们的计划。(It)
【答案】It was the unexpected rain that upset their plan.
【解析】考查强调句和时态。本句为强调句，其结构为It is +强调部分 +that从句。本句强调主语 the unexpected rain 。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为It was the unexpected rain that upset their plan.
【例2】那些未曾去过那个小村庄的人很难描绘出它的美丽。（ it ）
【答案】It is very hard for those who haven’t been to the small village to describe its beauty.
【解析】考查it做形式主语用法。
【例3】我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。（it ）
【答案】I find it hard/it is hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.
【解析】考查it做形式宾语用法。
【例4】如果你方便的话，请帮我从邮局取回包裹。(convenient)
【答案】If it is convenient to you, please fetch the parcel for me from the post office./It is impossible for you to complete the task alone.
【解析】 类似用it形式主语或宾语的形容词还有convenient, necessary, essential, important 等

3、以非谓语为主的考点
【例1】只喝一杯咖啡就会使我整晚睡不着。（keep）
【答案】Drinking only a cup of coffee will keep me awake all night.
【例2】他很后悔失去了获得奖学金的机会。（regret）
【答案】He regrets losing the opportunity to obtain the scholarship.
【例3】昨晚有许多人等在剧院前想一睹那位歌星的风采. (there be )
【答案】There were a lot of people waiting in front of the theatre yesterday evening to have a glance at the star singer.
【例4】整个上午他都在忙于写那篇故事，只是偶尔停下来喝杯茶。(break off)
【答案】He was busy writing the story all the morning, only breaking off occasionally to have a cup of tea.
【例5】 同其他学生相比，那个女孩有更强的英语听、说能力。（compare）
【答案】Compared with other students,the girl has better listening and speaking abilities in English.
【例1】这个游戏的规则太复杂，三言两语解释不清。(too … to) (2004上海高考)
【答案】The rule of the game is too complicated to explain/be explained in a few words.

4、以从句为主的考点
【例1】我实在想不通为什么大伙儿都觉得他这个人高不可攀，我印象中他挺和蔼可亲的。(strike)（2020届徐汇区高考英语一模）
I can’t understand why people all think he is out of reach/inaccessible, because he strikes me as a very approachable and kind/amiable person. （名词性从句）
【例2】在当今社会，诱惑和干扰无处不在，自律即使不是最重要的，也是重要的品质之一，因为它有效地促进了一个人的进步和发展。 (where)(2020届杨浦区高考一模)
In today’s society where temptations and distractions are everywhere，self-discipline is one of the most important qualities, if not the most important, for/as it contributes effectively to/ promotes/enhances a man’s progress and development. （定语从句）
【例3】 如今，病人能很便捷地下载他们的医疗记录以获取诸如检测结果之类的信息，大大节省了时间和 人力。(so…that)(2020届黄埔区高考一模)
Nowadays, it is so convenient for patients to download their medical records to access information such as the test results that they will save a lot of time and labor. （状语从句）

5、以倒装句型为主的考点
【例1】该选手的机智及开阔的知识面使评委们大为惊异，他们一致同意他为冠军获得者。 (So…)(2020届嘉定区高考一模)
【答案】So amazed were the judges at the wisdom and wide knowledge of the contestant that they all agreed that he would be the champion. / be the winner./ win the championship.
【例2】他向朋保证在任何情况下都不会违背做一个诚实守信的人的承诺。（under no circumstances）（2018奉贤区二模）
【答案】He assured his friends that under no circumstances would he break the promise that he would be an honest man.
【例3】他亲自到了中国后才意识到他对中国的了解是何等肤浅。（Only）
【答案】Only when he came to China himself did he realize how poor his knowledge of the country was.
【例4】 登山运动的吸引力不仅在于运动员之间的激烈竞争，还体现在运动员与自然环境的抗争中。（Not only...）(2020届浦东新区高考一模)
【答案】Not only does the appeal/attraction of mountain climbing lie in the fierce competition between athletes, but it is also reflected in the athletes’ fight against the natural environment. (the fight between the athletes and the natural environment)
【例5】一听到警察的脚步声，小偷就跑走了。(Away)
【答案】Away ran the thief as soon as he heard the footsteps of the police. （此句为完全倒装句）

6、以动词或动词短语为主的考点
【例1】看到挂满枝头鲜红嫩绿的果实，他们不禁心生欢喜。（can’t help)（2020届奉贤区高考英语一模）
【答案】At the sight of the fruits with brilliant colors hanging on the branches, they couldn’t help feeling admiring them.
【例2】本次“城市公共交通周”的活动旨在提高公众节能环保的意识。(aim)（2020届徐汇区高考英语一模）
【答案】The campaign of the urban public transport week aims to raise public awareness of saving energy and protecting the environment / energy conservation and environmental protection.
【例3】 在每天的早晚高峰期间，堵上半小时是常有的事，要是下雨的话，堵的时间就更长了。（stuck）
【答案】During the morning and evening rush hours, it is common to be stuck in traffic for half an hour, and it will be longer if it rains.
【例4】 家长是孩子们最亲近的人，但是有时他们依然不理解孩子们说的话。（figure）
【答案】Although parents are the closest people to their children, sometimes they still cannot figure out what their children say

7、以成语（谚语）为主的考点
【例1】 在很多地区，旅游业对环境的影响简直触目惊心，但人们往往因为旅游业带来的经济利益而对此置若罔闻。(a blind eye)
【答案】In many places, the impact of tourism on the environment is really shocking, but people usually turn a blind eye to it just because of the economic benefits tourism brings about.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。turn a blind eye to(对…… )视而不见；because of 因为；bring about带来。句中先行词为benefits，在定语从句中作bring about的宾语，所以用关系代词which或that引导，也可以省略。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为In many places, the impact of tourism on the environment is really shocking, but people usually turn a blind eye to it just because of the economic benefits tourism brings about.
【例2】 和学生时代的他相比，那名士兵简直判若两人。（How）(2019上海高考）
【答案】How different the soldier is from what he was in his school days ！
【详解】考查感叹句、时态和名词性从句。How+形容词 / 副词+主语+谓语！from后的宾语从句中，从句缺少表语，且指物，所以用连接词what。根据句意，用一般现在时。故翻译为How different the soldier is from what he was in his school days ！
【例3】 随着体力逐渐恢复正常，那名业余自行车手的夺冠之梦不再遥不可及。（normal）2019上海高考）
【答案】As his physical strength returns to normal, the amateur cyclist’s dream of winning championship will no longer be beyond reach.
【详解】考查状语从句、固定短语和时态。本句为as引导的时间状语从句，从句中表示“体力”应用短语physical strength，作主语；表示“恢复正常”可知短语为return to normal，从句为一般现在时；主句中表示“业余自行车手”短语为amateur cyclist；表示“夺冠之梦”可翻译为dream of winning championship；表示“不再”短语为no longer；表示“遥不可及”短语为beyond reach，主句应用一般将来时。故翻译为As his physical strength returns to normal, the amateur cyclist’s dream of winning championship will no longer be beyond reach.
_____

重点小练







2022年上海秋季高考英语真题

1.妈妈忘了两天前刚给邻居买过黄瓜。（forget）
参考译文：
①Mother/ Mom forgot having just bought some cucumbers for her neighbor two days ago.
②Mother/ Mom forgot buying some cucumbers for her neighbor just two days ago.
解析：本句时态为一般过去时；
考核基础单词forget的用法：forget doing / forget having done 忘记做过某事。
注意区别：forget to do 忘记去做某事
2. 每逢节假日，我们都会去郊区露营，为的就是享受悠闲惬意的生活。（so that）
参考译文：(During)every holiday/ (On) every holiday, we always go/will go camping in the suburbs so that we can enjoy a leisurely comfortable/relaxing and comfortable life.
解析：考查目的状语从句。
词块：露营 go camping；享受生活 enjoy a ... life
3.切莫苛求运动强度和频率，细水长流才能见效。（difference）
参考译文：
①Don’t be too hard on yourself as to the intensity and frequency of doing sports/exercising/workout,because/as only by working steadily little by little/only through persistent little efforts can you make a difference.
②Don’t be too hard on yourself as to the intensity and frequency of doing sports/exercising/workout,because/as only working steadily little by little/persistent little efforts can make a difference.
③Don’t push yourself too hard when it comes to the intensity and frequency of doing sports/exercising/workout, ...
解析：考察前后语句间的逻辑关系，能找到合适连词来连接前后语句；
“切莫苛求”句中是无主结构，学生应选择使用祈使句来翻译；
学生需要对四字格“细水长流”先进行理解，在语境中寻找合适的词进行翻译;
对自己过分苛求的几种表达：be too hard on yourself in ... / push yourself too hard

4.这条运河历经数百年才修建而成，如今虽无昔日繁忙之景，但仍然是横跨东西的重要水道。（as...as）
参考译文：
①The canal, which took hundreds of years to build, is not as busy/prosperous as before/it used to be / once was, but it is still an important waterway from east to west.
②It took hundreds of years to build this canal and although it is no longer as prosperous as it used to be, but still remains a vital waterway extending from east to west.
解析：提示词as...as可看出本句考察比较状语从句；
考纲词汇：运河canal；无昔日繁忙之景（也就是：不如以前繁忙）not as busy as before;横跨东西from east to west；水道water course / waterway。

2022年上海春季高考英语真题
1.他已经有几十年没见过如此壮丽的日出了。（since）
It has been decades since he saw such a magnificent sunrise.
2.小张昨天在田里播下种子，期待来年的丰收。（sow）
Zhang sowed the seeds in the field yesterday, expecting a good harvest next year.
3.鉴于手机打车不熟练的老人不在少数，这家公司提供了一系列服务来满足他们的需求。（a few）
Since there are more than a few elderly people who are not skilled in using ride-hailing services/ requesting a taxi/ride on mobile phones, the company offers a range of services to meet their needs.
4.正是因为贯彻“顾客为本”的理念，那个落寞已久的社区商场才得以重回大众视线。（It）
It is because of the implementation of the “customer first” concept that the long-deserted community shopping mall could return to the public eye.
2021年上海秋季高考英语真题
1. 你坐会儿，我来看管这六件行李。(look)
You can sit for a while, and I will look after the/these six pieces of luggage/baggage.
2. 打喷嚏时，务必用纸巾遮住口鼻。(Do)
Do cover your mouth and nose with tissue/a tissue when you are sneezing.
3. 这位头发花白的外交官与老友不期而遇，脑海中浮现出那段为理想而奋斗的青春岁月。(remind)
The grey-haired diplomat ran into/came across/encountered an old friend, which reminded him of the days of his youth when he was struggling for his ideal.
The grey-haired diplomat met an old friend by accident, which reminded him of the youthful years of fighting for ideals.
4. 这位先驱者的故居是间不起眼的木屋，现正修复中，游客有望在六月底一睹其真容。(under)
The former residence of the pioneer is a humble wooden house, which is now under restoration, and visitors are likely to see its real look at the end of June.
2021年春季高考真题
1. 羽毛球馆里空无一人，为什么灯还亮着？(how come)
Since there is none/no one in the badminton stadium, how come the lights are still on?
2. 我花了三天时间画这副风景画，来庆祝我曾祖父的百岁寿辰。(take)
It took me three days to paint this landscape to celebrate the 100th birthday of my great-grandfather.
3. 在太空遨游一周后，载人飞船安全着陆，在那一刻，原本寂静无声的发射中心一片欢腾。(The instant)
The instant the manned spacecraft safely landed after its one-week space travel, the originally silent launch center burst into/broke into cheers.
4. 这条小河蜿蜒流淌，与世代居住于此的村民朝夕相伴，见证了这个村庄的日新月异。(company）
The winding stream that keeps the villagers company, who have lived there for generations, is a witness of/has witnessed the constant changes of this village.
2020年上海春季高考英语真题
1. 我们非常感激他们为保护上海方言所付出的努力。(appreciate)
We really/deeply/truly appreciate their effort to preserve the Shanghai dialect
We really/deeply/truly appreciate the effort (that) they have made to preserve the Shanghai dialect.
We appreciate it deeply/a lot/very much that they have made their effort to preserve the Shanghai dialect.
2. 正如这本小册子介绍的那样，这里的司机都有礼让行人的习惯。(As)
As is introduced in the booklet/brochure/leaflet, the drivers here share the habit of politely giving way to/making way for the pedestrians.
The drivers here have a good habit of politely waiting till the pedestrians go/cross (the street) first, as is introduced in this booklet.
3. 每周三，这些大学生都会雷打不动地去孤儿院做志愿者，教孩子们剪纸和编织。(a rule)
These college students make it a rule to volunteer in the orphanage every Wednesday, teaching/showing/demonstrating/instructing the kids skills/crafts like paper-cutting and weaving/knitting.
Those college students make it a rule to go to the orphanage to work as volunteers every Wednesday, teaching/showing/demonstrating/instructing the orphans to do paper cutting and knitting.
These college students make it a rule to go to the orphanage Every Wednesday as volunteers to teach/show/demonstrate/instruct the children how to cut paper and knit.
4. 这首歌在今年艺术节上首发时，因其旋律欢快，风格诙谐引起轰动，但只是昙花一现。(when)
The song became/was a hit/caused a sensation for its joyful/cheerful rhythm and witty style when (it was) first performed at the Art Festival this year, but its popularity didn’t last long/but it is just like a flash in the pan.
When first performed at the Art Festival this year, this song caused a sensation because of /due to/owing to/thanks to/for its cheerful *melody and comic style, but it didn’t last long/but it lasted only (for) a very short time/period.
2020年秋季高考真题
1. 你是否介意替我去开个会/参加会议？ (substitute)
Do/Would you mind (your) substituting me for the meeting?
Do/Would you mind if you substitute me for the meeting?
2. 为了(能)让妈妈好好休息，小王把水槽和碗橱擦得干干净净。(In order...)
In order to make/let his mother have a good rest, Xiao Wang clean the sink and cupboard thoroughly.
or: In order that his mother could have a good rest, Xiao Wang wiped down the sink and cupboard.
3. 春暖花开的四月是领略/欣赏这个南方小镇美景的最好时间/最佳时机。(when)
With flowers blooming and the weather being warm, April is the best time to appreciate the beauty of this southern town.
4. 面对网店的挑战，这家百年老店多措并举，最终转危为机，再创辉煌。(turn)
In the face of / Facing / Faced with the challenges from the online store, this century-old store took various measures at the same time / take multiple measures, and finally turned the crisis into an opportunity to recreate the glory.
_____
好题必测





例1. 我第一次写英语作文时，犯了许多拼写错误。(make)
The first time I wrote the English composition, I made a lot of spelling mistakes.
该句是时间状语从句，某些时间状语从句由the first time, each time, every time和the moment等词组引导，它们既有实实在在的意义又有连词的作用，无需再与其他连词连用。又如：他每次来，总是讲给我们听一些趣事。Every/Each time he comes, he always tells us something interesting. 由于Every/Each time本身就是连接词语，所以Every/Each time引导的从句，直接跟句子。
例2. 保护环境是每个公民的职责。(it…)
It is the duty of every citizen to protect our environment.
这里it作形式主语，真正的主语是to protect our environment。It作形式主语或形式宾语在翻译中是个难点。再如：正是你的帮助使得我们有可能在旅游的季节住到一个中国人的家里。It was your help that made it possible for us to stay with a Chinese family during the tourist season. 这里用it作形式宾语即make it possible的句型。而整个句子又是为“It is/was…that…”的强调句式。看到中文表述“正是……”， 往往可能用到强调句。
例3. 彼得每月留出一点钱以便在不久的将来购买一辆新汽车。(set aside)
Peter sets aside some money every month so that he can buy a new car in the near future.
该题考了so that 引导的目的状语从句，so that后面有情态动词的一般为目的状语从句，没有的一般为结果状语从句。如：这部有关第一次世界大战的历史小说引人入胜，我简直爱不释手。
The historical novel about World War I is so attractive that I can’t stand parting with it.
该句考的是so+形容词或副词+that…的结果状语从句。
例4. 不管天有多晚，他从不把今天的事拖到明天。(put off)
However late it is, he never puts off what should be done today till tomorrow.
该句是让步状语从句，表示“无论……”的状语从句可以翻译成wh +ever或 no matter +how/what/when/where引导的结构。However后面应该直接跟所修饰的形容词或副词，也可翻译成：No matter how late it is, he never puts off what should be done today till tomorrow.
例5. 这小孩太调皮，使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心烦意乱。(So …)
So naughty is the child that he often upsets his parents who are busy with their work.
本句主要考察so…that引导的结果状语从句。由于so大写，一定要把它放于句首，且句子要倒装。另外，句中的“忙于”可翻译为be busy with sth.或be busy doing的短语，最后要注意成语或习语“心烦意乱”的表达，切记不要把成语或习语想的太复杂，学生除适当地背一些这方面的表达，更要在理解的基础上转化成我们所熟悉的表达。可见翻译不止考一个句型或某一特定的短语，它考察很全面，所以学生基本功要扎实。
例6. 无论风多大、雨多急，警察一直坚守在岗位上。（no matter…）
No matter how hard the rain falls and the wind blows, the police keep to their posts.
本句考察的让步状语从句。No matter+特殊疑问词和特殊疑问词+ever 都可表达。既然句中给的是no matter…，就很容易让学生联想起让步状语从句。“风多大、雨多急”看似简单的短语，学生要灵活的把它们处理在一起。“坚守在岗位”要求学生多整理一些常用动词和介词或副词搭配在一起的短语。
例7. 尽管遭受如此严重的自然灾害，但只要不灰心，我们终会克服暂时的困难。（Although)
Although we are suffering such a serious/severe natural disaster, we will eventually smooth away/overcome the temporary difficulty as long as we don't/never lose heart.
        最后一个句子貌似比较难，因为句子比较长。但是，高考翻译中的长句子都是纸老虎，大家只要判断句子之间的逻辑关系，然后用合适的连接词（或者介词短语，非谓语动词等）把句子给连接起来，整个句子就搞定了。另外，本题对于基本词汇和词组的掌握又有所考查，如果考生对一些词的翻译不甚了解，可能会导致失分，例如“遭受”、“灰心”、“克服”、“暂时”这些词的翻译。在翻译长句子时还有很重要的一点就是不要漏掉重要信息，这需要考生在翻译时对句子的细节有精准的把握，翻译完后再对照一下中英文意思，看有没有遗漏重要信息。
例8. 尽管山高林密，医护人员还是迅速地赶到出事地点，实施援救。（despite）
Despite the high mountains and thick forests, the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident for the rescue/to carry out the rescue.
本题考查句子结构和活用。“Despite”是介词，所以后面应接名词、名词短语或名词性从句。“山高林密”可译为“the high mountains and thick（dense） forests”。“实施救援”是目的，但是也可以译为表示伴随情况的并列句。
例9. 那些未曾去过那个小村庄的人很难描绘出它的美丽。(It…)
It’s very hard for those who haven’t been to the small village to describe its beauty.
该句关键是掌握those who引导的定语从句的用法。这里先行词是those（指人），所以后面用who。
例10. 我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。(...it...)
I find it is hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.
“那些一贯固执己见的”做定语放在中心词前太长，处理成定语从句更为恰当。“who always stick to their own opinions”。
_____
高考题型组合练

A
Young children who have experienced compassionate (有同情心的) love and empathy (认同感) from their mothers may be more willing to turn thoughts into action by being generous to others, a University of California, Davis’ study suggests.
In lab studies, children tested at ages 4 and 6 showed more willingness to give up the tokens (代金券) they had earned to fictional children in need when two conditions were present—if they showed bodily changes when given the opportunity to share and had experienced positive parenting that modeled such kindness. The study initially included 74 preschool-age children and their mothers. They were invited back two years later, resulting in 54 mother-child pairs whose behaviors and reactions were analyzed when the children were 6.
“At both ages, children with better physiological regulation and with mothers who expressed stronger compassionate love were likely to donate more of their earnings,” said Paul Hastings, UC Davis professor of psychology. “Compassionate mothers likely develop emotionally close relationships with their children while also providing an early example of satisfying the needs of others,” researchers said in the study, published in November in Frontiers in Psychology” Emotion Science.
In each lab exercise, after attaching a monitor to record children’s heart-rate activity, the examiner told the children they would be earning tokens for a variety of activities, and that the tokens could be turned in for a prize. The tokens were put into a box, and each child eventually earned 20 prize tokens. Then before the session ended, children were told they could donate all or part of their tokens to other children.
Taken together, the findings showed that children’s generosity is supported by the combination of their socialization experiences—their mothers’ compassionate love—and their physiological regulation, and that these work like “internal and external supports for the ability to act prosocially that build on each other”.
In addition to observing the children’s propensity (习性) to donate their game earnings, Hastings suggested that “being in a calmer state after sharing could reinforce (加强) the generous behavior that produced that good feeling.”
1．How do young children loved by their mother tend to become in later years?
A．Considerate. B．Emotional.
C．Generous. D．Optimistic.
2．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The process of the research. B．The result of the experiment.
C．The reactions of the children. D．The importance of Mom’s love.
3．According to Hastings, what factor could strengthen children’s good behaviors?
A．Their moms love them deeply. B．They donate the tokens easily.
C．They behave physiologically. D．They are calmer after sharing.
4．What is probably the best title of this passage?
A．What Contributes to Generosity?
B．The More You Give, the Calmer You Will Be
C．Do You Prefer to Receive or Give?
D．More Giving, Less Receiving
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍在小时候从母亲那里学到的恻隐之心和认同之情的孩子比同龄人更慷慨。
1．C【解析】细节理解题。由第一段“Young children who have experienced compassionate (有同情心的) love and empathy (认同感) from their mothers may be more willing to turn thoughts into action by being generous to others, a University of California, Davis’ study suggests.”（加州大学戴维斯分校的一项研究表明，那些经历过母亲慈悲之爱和同情心的孩子，可能更愿意通过慷慨对待他人，将想法转化为行动。）可知，早期受到母亲关爱的孩子后期往往变得更加慷慨。选项C与文意相符，故选C。
2．A【解析】主旨大意题。通读第二段内容可知，该段介绍了对74名学龄前儿童进行的试验。首先在实验室针对两种情况对他们进行模仿测试，两年后又对这些母子的行为和反应进行分析。说明本段介绍的是研究的过程。选项A与文意相符，故选A。
3．D【解析】细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Hastings suggested that “being in a calmer state after sharing could reinforce the generous behavior that produced that good feeling.”（Hastings认为，“分享后处于更平静的状态可以加强产生那种良好感觉的慷慨行为”）可知，分享后更平静的状态可以加强慷慨行为，选项D与文意相符，故选D。
4．A【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“Young children who have experienced...generous to others, a University of California, Davis’ study suggests.”（加州大学戴维斯分校的一项研究表明，那些经历过母亲慈悲之爱和同情心的孩子，可能更愿意通过慷慨对待他人，将想法转化为行动。）可知，文章介绍的是小时候从母亲那里学到的恻隐之心和认同之情的孩子比同龄人更慷慨。选项A与文意相符，故选A。

B
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.【2022嘉定二模】
Cargo Bikes Bring Home the Goods
Since the first lockdown (封锁), increasing numbers of companies have started delivering their products on electric cargo bikes. According to the Brought by Bike, there are nearly 450 independent businesses and tradespeople across the UK delivering goods to customers using electricity and pedal (踏板) power.
The Bike Drop was established in the early days of the pandemic (疫情) to help businesses struggling to reach customers. “There was interest as soon as we opened. Companies wanted to choose the greener option for deliveries while customers loved having their shopping delivered by bike—and we all love having cleaner, quieter, safer streets,” said Harry McKeown, the managing director of the Bike Drop. During the first month of lockdown the grocery sector recorded a 91% increase in home deliveries. McKeown said demand for their delivery services started high and had continued to climb. “We soon had 13 employees delivering items for 36 local businesses,” he said. “We now have a group of electric bikes that have made over 6,500 individual pickups and deliveries for local businesses, cycled over 10,000 kilometers and saved more than 2,300 kilos of CO 2.” E-cargo bikes can move quickly through city streets, meaning they are able to deliver packages 60% faster than their van equivalents. They are cleaner— saving about 90% in carbon emissions—quieter, and cut traffic jams as a bike uses a small part of the road space of a van.
There are also a growing number of electric cargo bikes covering remote areas: Cargodale started delivering in the valleys of West Yorkshire and has experienced a business boom. The Cargodale co-founder Beate Kubitz said: “I live in a rural area and when lockdown happened and home deliveries increased, I saw parades of vans coming down my little lane, destroying the delicate countryside roads and polluting our air. I couldn’t believe there wasn’t an alternative.” Kubitz and some of her mountain-biker friends hired a cargo bike and experimented with local deliveries. “The interest from businesses and customers was immediate and strong,” she said. Cargodale has 15 riders delivering for up to 100 local businesses.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】E-cargo bikes are increasingly used to deliver goods in UK during the pandemic. A company named The Bike Drop has developed quickly because of its growing businesses, which are faster, more eco-friendly and cause less traffic problems. Cargodale, another company offering similar services to remote areas, is also successful and its service does less harm to environment than vans do.

【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文式新闻报道。疫情期间，英国越来越多地使用电子货运自行车送货。一家名为The Bike Drop的公司发展迅速，因为它的业务不断增长，速度更快，更环保，造成的交通问题更少。另一家为偏远地区提供类似服务的公司Cargodale也取得了成功，其服务对环境的危害比货车小。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Since the first lockdown (封锁), increasing numbers of companies have started delivering their products on electric cargo bikes.
②The Bike Drop was established in the early days of the pandemic (疫情) to help businesses struggling to reach customers.
③ E-cargo bikes can move quickly through city streets, meaning they are able to deliver packages 60% faster than their van equivalents. They are cleaner— saving about 90% in carbon emissions—quieter, and cut traffic jams as a bike uses a small part of the road space of a van.
④ We now have a group of electric bikes that have made over 6,500 individual pickups and deliveries for local businesses, cycled over 10,000 kilometers and saved more than 2,300 kilos of CO 2.
⑤ There are also a growing number of electric cargo bikes covering remote areas: Cargodale started delivering in the valleys of West Yorkshire and has experienced a business boom.
⑥ I saw parades of vans coming down my little lane, destroying the delicate countryside roads and polluting our air.
2.缜密构思
将第1要点进行重组，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合；将第5、6两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
E-cargo bikes are increasingly used to deliver goods in UK during the pandemic.
A company named The Bike Drop has developed quickly because of its growing businesses, which are faster, more eco-friendly and cause less traffic problems.
Cargodale, another company offering similar services to remote areas, is also successful and its service does less harm to environment than vans do.
【点睛】[高分句型1] A company named The Bike Drop has developed quickly because of its growing businesses, which are faster, more eco-friendly and cause less traffic problems. （运用了过去分词作定语，which引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2] Cargodale, another company offering similar services to remote areas, is also successful and its service does less harm to environment than vans do. （运用了现在分词为定语，比较状语从句）