外研版（2019）高考英语一轮复习课时练习37 ：选择性必修4 Unit 1　Looking forwards(含解析)

这是一份外研版（2019）高考英语一轮复习课时练习37 ：选择性必修4 Unit 1　Looking forwards(含解析)，共10页。试卷主要包含了 the　考查冠词， t　考查介词， hw　考查宾语从句等内容，欢迎下载使用。

选择性必修第四册 Unit 1 Lking frwards
A组·基础巩固
Ⅰ. 语法填空
A
What will ur cities be like in 2050? Hw much will artificial intelligence advance? Sme scientists 1. ________ (make) different predictins recently.
Jel Chen frm The Rckefeller University says 2. ________ is likely that by 2050 the majrity f the peple in the wrld will live in urban areas, and will have a 3. ________ (significant) higher average age than peple tday. Cities will be 4. ________ nly realistic slutin t husing a ppulatin that is expected t expand 5. ________ 9.7 billin by 2050.
And the technlgy will keep 6. ________ (advance) rapidly. Accrding t Bill Mitchell, the late directr f MIT Media Lab's Smart Cities research grup, cities f the future wn't lk like “sme srt f science­fictin fantasy” r “Star Trek” but virtual reality will change 7. ________ we live. Self­driving cars will make the rads 8. ________ (secure), driving mre efficient, and prvide faster transprt.
Charles Ebinger at the Brkings Institutin als thinks that by 2050 we will als have a s­called “smart grid” where all f ur 9. ________ (appliance) are linked directly t energy distributin (分布) systems, 10. ________ (allw) fr real­time pricing based n supply and demand. Such a technlgy wuld greatly benefit mst peple and reduce fssil fuel energy.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。几位科学家对2050年的城市生活进行了预测。
1. have made 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的 recently可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语为 Sme scientists，故填 have made。
2. it 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，says后为宾语从句，宾语从句中that引导的从句为真正的主语，此处应用it作形式主语。
3. significantly 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰形容词的比较级 higher，应用副词形式。
4. the 考查冠词。分析句子结构可知， slutin为主句的表语，又根据空后的nly可知，此处应用定冠词the。
5. t 考查介词。此处表示“到2050年人口预计增加到97亿”，应用介词t。
6. advancing 考查固定用法。keep ding sth.意为“继续做某事”，为固定用法。
7. hw 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句作change的宾语，且此处表示“虚拟现实将会改变我们如何生活”，故填hw。
8. securer 考查形容词的比较级。分析句子结构可知，此处为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，应用形容词作宾补，且根据空后的“driving mre efficient, and prvide faster transprt”可知，此处应用比较级。
9. appliances 考查名词的单复数。appliance为可数名词，根据空前的all f 和空后的are可知，此处应用名词复数形式。
10. allwing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词­ing形式作状语。
B
Mbile phnes have taken ver ur mdern wrld. These small cmputer­like phnes can access the Internet, d cuntless 1. ________ (task) thrugh applicatins, and f curse make calls and send text messages. The majr benefit f 2. ________ (have) a mbile phne is that it is easier t express neself thrugh cmmunicatin and creativity, t be safe, and t cnnect t the Internet.
Cmmunicating 3. ________ lved nes, clleagues, friends and mre has never been simpler. By allwing instant access t any desired destinatin acrss the glbe, mbile phnes 4. ________ (change) the landscape f cmmunicatin s far. 5. ________ (glbal), cell phnes are imprtant in day­t­day life. Besides the ease f cmmunicatin, expressing neself creatively has als never been s straightfrward. With ur applicatins, we can easily draw, take phtgraphs, write, edit, paint, make vides, and mre.
Mbile phnes are als 6. ________ (fantasy)fr keeping us safe. Mbile phnes allw us t call fr help, aid us in finding ur cars and give us the pprtunity 7. ________ (emply) GPS t make sure we d nt get lst. The mre applicatins yu have, the 8. ________ (great) chance yu are safe. Yu might have a flashlight app r 9. ________ emergency call app. They can help yu 10. ________ a difficult situatin arises a lt.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。手机在我们的生活中非常重要，本文介绍了手机的重要性。
1. tasks 考查名词的单复数。分析句子结构可知，空处填名词，此处的task表示泛指，故用其复数形式，故填tasks。
2. having 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，f是介词，空处填动名词，故填having。
3. with 考查固定搭配。cmmunicate with为固定搭配，意为“与……交流”，符合题意，故填with。
4. have changed 考查时态。分析句子结构可知，空处填动词，再根据句中的“s far”可知，空处用现在完成时，故填have changed。
5. Glbally 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处填副词，修饰其后的整个句子，glbally是glbal的副词形式，意为“世界上，全球上”，故填Glbally。
6. fantastic 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处填形容词作表语。fantastic是fantasy的形容词，意为“极好的”，故填fantastic。
7. t emply 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处填非谓语动词，再根据句意可知，此处用不定式作定语修饰pprtunity，故填t emply。
8. greater 考查固定句式。分析句子结构可知，本句采用了固定句式“the＋形容词比较级，the＋形容词比较级”，意为“越……越……”，故填greater。
9. an 考查不定冠词。结合句意可知，此处的emergency call app表示泛指，又因emergency为元音音素开头的单词，故填an。
10. if 考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处用从属连词引导状语从句，再根据句意可知，此处表示条件，if意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句，故填if。
Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子
1. 我们发现私家侦探正在检查窗子上的小圆点。(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
We fund the detective checking ut the dts n the windw.
2. 一看到实习生们一边工作一边聊天，老板就勃然大怒了。(n ding...)
On seeing the trainees chatting while wrking, the bss burst with anger.
3. 得知结果后，他的妈妈绝望地看着他。(desperatin)
Knwing the result, his mther lked at him in desperatin．
4. 度过了快乐的少年时代，他决心好好学习以实现他执教一支超群的球队的志向。(分词短语作状语)
Having spent a happy byhd, he is determined t study hard t achieve his ambitin t cach a leading team.
5. 把所有因素都考虑在内，她的表演是令人满意的。(独立主语结构)
All things taken int accunt, her perfrmance is satisfactry.
B组·能力提升
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Upskilling Is the Future — But It
Must Wrk fr Everyne
Autmatin and jb replacement will be ne f the mst significant challenges fr the glbal ecnmy f the cming decades. A 2017 Mckinsey reprt established that 375 millin wrkers will need t switch ccupatinal categries by 2030. The Wrld Ecnmic Frum suggests that by 2022, autmatin will replace 75 millin jbs glbally— but create 133 millin new nes.
Research int the likelihd that a jb will be impacted by digitisatin has largely fcused n the “autmatability” f the rle and the fllwing ecnmic reginal and plitical effects f this. What this research desn't take int accunt is smething mre imprtant fr the millins f taxi drivers and retail wrkers acrss the glbe: their likelihd f being able t change t anther jb that isn't autmatable. Recent research suggests that the answer t this may be that the skills that enable wrkers t mve up the ladder t mre cmplex rles within their current areas might be less imprtant than brader skills that will enable wrkers t change acrss divisins.
In July, Amazn annunced that it wuld spend $700 millin retraining arund 30% f its 300，000 US wrkfrce. While praisewrthy, it will be interesting t see the utcme. In the UK, the Natinal Retraining Scheme has largely been led by emplyers, meaning that thse n zer­hurs cntracts and part­time wrkers — ften lw­skilled — will miss ut. Gvernance will be a crucial element f ensuring that such schemes fcus n individuals and life­lng learning, rather than upskilling wrkers int rles that will sn als face autmatin.
Accrding t the Mckinsey reprt, “grwing awareness f the scale f the task ahead has yet t translate int actin. Public spending n labur­frce training and supprt has fallen fr years in mst member cuntries f the Organisatin fr Ecnmic C­peratin and Develpment，” which impacts mre than just the lw­skilled and prly cmpensated.
The glbal impact f autmatin is als put int relief by research demnstrating that, between 1988 and 2015, incme inequality increased thrughut the wrld. Billins f peple d nt have the essentials f life as defined by the UN Sustainable Develpment gals.
Alngside climate change, autmatin is arguably tech's biggest challenge. As with glbalisatin, gvernments and emplyers — and us wrkers — ignre its ptential cnsequences at risk t urselves.
1. It can be knwn frm Paragraph 2 that ________．
A. recent research has fund ways t face autmatin
B. brad skills are f great significance in changing jbs
C. reginal ecnmy can affect the autmatability f a jb
D. it is even harder fr wrkers t mve up the scial ladder
2. What is the authr's attitude twards the current retraining prgrammes?
A. Supprtive. B. Critical. C. Skeptical. D. Sympathetic.
3. Accrding t the authr, what is ne cnsequence f autmatin?
A. Less spending n training.
B. A slwdwn f glbalisatin.
C. Scial unrest and instability.
D. An increase in incme inequality.
4. The passage is written t ________．
A. argue the urgency f creating new jbs
B. cmpare glbalisatin with autmatin
C. analyse the autmatability f certain jbs
D. stress the imprtance f upskilling wrkers
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了自动化和就业替代将是未来几十年全球经济面临的最重大的挑战之一，而要应对这一趋势，当务之急是提高自身技能，尤其是跨部门跳槽所需的广泛技能。文章还说明了再培训项目存在的问题。
1. B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Recent research suggests that the answer t this may be... t change acrss divisins.”可知，广泛的技能在换工作时是非常重要的。故选B。
2. C 观点态度题。根据第三段中的“In the UK, the Natinal Retraining Scheme has largely been led by emplyers, meaning that...”可知，在英国，国家再培训计划在很大程度上是由雇主主导的，这意味着那些签订临时合同的人和兼职人员——往往技能低下——将会错过机会。由此可推知，作者对当下实施的再培训计划持怀疑态度。故选C。
3. D 写作意图题。根据倒数第二段中的“The glbal impact f autmatin is als put int relief by research demnstrating that, ...”可知，研究表明，1988年至2015年期间，世界各地的收入不平等现象加剧，这也让自动化对全球的影响得到了缓解。由此可推知，作者认为自动化的一个后果是收入不平等加剧。故选D。
4. D 写作意图题。根据文章标题“Upskilling Is the Future — But It Must Wrk fr Everyne(技能提升是未来的趋势，但它必须适用于每个人)”，结合文章主要说明了自动化和就业替代将是未来几十年全球经济面临的最重大挑战之一，而要应对这一趋势，当务之急是提高自身技能，尤其是跨部门跳槽所需的广泛技能可推知，这篇文章是为了强调提高工人技能的重要性。故选D。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
(2021·齐鲁名校模拟)The ntin f building brand persnality is prmted by Starbucks as a part f cmpany culture t embed meaning in their prducts and thus attract mre custmers. Starbucks literally changed the definitin f “a gd cup f cffee”. Fr Starbucks, the brand had three elements: cffee, 1 and stres. Strict cntrl ver the quality and prcessing f the beans 2 that the cffee wuld be f the highest pssible quality. Outstanding stre persnnel were emplyed and trained in cffee knwledge and 3 service. Stre design, atmsphere and arma (浓香) all 4 the “Starbucks Experience”．
Almst all Starbucks stres were crprately wned and cntrlled. Starbucks prided itself n the “Starbucks Experience”， 5 cffee t prvide a unique experience fr its custmers.
6 thse traditinal cffee huses prviding yu with the grab­and­g service, Starbucks prvides yu with mre than cffee. Yu get great peple, first­rate music, a cmfrtable and upbeat meeting place, and 7 advice n brewing excellent cffee at hme. At hme yu're part f a family. At wrk yu're part f a cmpany. And smewhere in between is a place where yu can sit back and be yurself. That's what a Starbucks stre has been 8 t creating fr its custmers — a kind f “third place” where they can 9 ， reflect, read, chat r listen.
The green Starbucks lg is a mermaid that lks like the end f the duble image f the sea. It was designed by Terry Heckler, wh gt the 10 frm the wden statue f the sea. Mermaid lg als 11 riginal and mdern meanings: her face is very simple, but with mdern abstract frms f packaging; the middle is black and white, the nly clur n the utside surrunded by a circle.
Starbucks makes the typical American culture gradually brken dwn int elements f 12 ： the visual warmth, hearing the way, smelling the arma f cffee and s n. Just think, thrugh the huge glass windws, watching the crwded streets, 13 sipping a cffee flavur, which is in line with the “Yapi”， the feeling f experience in the 14 life.
But the 15 f Starbucks is nt abut the cffee, althugh it's great cffee. Cffee is nly a carrier. Cffee cnsumptin, t a great extent, is an emtinal and cultural level f cnsumptin.
1. A. pepleB. managersC. custmersD. clients
2. A. acceptedB. prmisedC. ensuredD. predicted
3. A. emergencyB. envirnmentC. emplymentD. custmer
4. A. cnsisted fB. benefited frmC. cntributed tD. headed fr
5. A. ging beyndB. cming acrssC. making upD. depending n
6. A. With regard tB. In additin tC. Cmpared withD. In terms f
7. A. generalB. reasnableC. legalD. fascinating
8. A. cmmittedB. alertedC. subjectedD. required
9. A. negtiateB. perfrmC. cncealD. escape
10. A. imaginatinB. inspiratinC. patentD. philsphy
11. A. createsB. cultivatesC. creditsD. cnveys
12. A. brandB. lgC. pssessinD. experience
13. A. greedilyB. gentlyC. persistentlyD. indifferently
14. A. busyB. easyC. miserableD. energetic
15. A. prductB. visinC. essenceD. imprtance
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了虽然星巴克的咖啡很棒，但星巴克的精髓不在于咖啡，而在于它的企业文化。
1. A 上文说星巴克将打造品牌个性的理念作为企业文化的一部分，将意义嵌入产品中，从而吸引更多的顾客，由此可知，人是星巴克品牌文化的三个要素之一，故A项正确。
2. C 对咖啡豆的质量和加工过程进行严格控制的目的自然是确保咖啡的最高品质，故C项正确。
3. D 根据常识可知，店员上岗前要进行客户服务方面的培训，custmer service表示“客户服务”，故D项正确。
4. C cntribute t“有助于，为……做贡献”。根据常识可知，咖啡店的设计、氛围和浓郁的香气都有助于增强顾客在星巴克的体验感，故C项正确。
5. A 下文说星巴克为您提供的不仅仅是咖啡，由此可知，“星巴克体验”超出了咖啡，为顾客提供独特的体验。故A项正确。
6. C 空后提到了传统咖啡店的服务，因此是星巴克与传统咖啡店的对比，故C项正确。
7. B 根据常识可知，星巴克自然会为顾客提供在家煮一杯好咖啡的合理建议，故B项正确。
8. A 句意：这就是星巴克致力于为顾客创造的一种“第三空间”，在那里他们可以远离(喧嚣)、思考、阅读、聊天或倾听。be cmmitted t表示“致力于”，故A项正确。
9. D 根据空后的“reflect, read, chat r listen”可知，在星巴克创造的“第三空间”里，人们可以远离(喧嚣)，旨在突出星巴克创造的安静环境，故D项正确。
10. B 上文说绿色星巴克标识是一个美人鱼，这个是泰瑞·赫克勒设计的，设计灵感来自木制的海洋雕像，故B项正确。
11. D 根据常识可知，一个品牌的标识自然会传达某种含义，故D项正确。
12. D 根据冒号后的内容可知此处指“体验元素”，故D项正确。
13. B 根据常识可知，刚煮好的咖啡是非常热的，要一小口一小口轻轻地啜着喝，故B项正确。
14. A 根据上文说的拥挤的街道可知，平时的生活节奏是很快的，因此此处指的是“忙碌的生活”，故A项正确。
15. C 空后说咖啡只是一种载体，咖啡消费在很大程度上是一种情感和文化层面的消费，因此此处是说星巴克的精髓不在于咖啡，而在于它的文化，故C项正确。