外研版（2019）高考英语一轮复习课时练习33 ：选择性必修3 Unit 3　War and peace(含解析)

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选择性必修第三册 Unit 3 War and peace
A组·基础巩固
Ⅰ. 语法填空
A
The stry tells f a wman wh during the war went t live with her husband in camp n the Mjave Desert. She 1. ________ (simple) hated the place. The heat was almst 2. ________ (bearable), 125 degrees in the shade. The wind 3. ________ (blw) cntinually, and there was sand everywhere. At the beginning, she just tlerated it and expected t leave as early as pssible.
Finally, in desperatin she wrte t her parents in Ohi that she culdn't stand 4. ________ (live) there fr anther minute and was cming hme.
Quickly came the reply by airmail frm her father — just the tw familiar lines: “Tw men lked ut frm prisn bars... ne man saw the mud, while 5. ________ ther man saw stars.”
The daughter did sme real thinking, nt nly with the intelligence but als with her heart. She decided 6. ________ (stick) t her pst.
Making 7. ________ (friend) with the natives, she learned t lve the cuntry, and eventually wrte a bk 8. ________ was based n her experiences in the cuntry.
The desert didn't change, 9. ________ her attitude changed. Because she listened with her heart 10. ________ the wrds her father sent, a whle new wrld pened up t her.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在战争期间一个女人和她的丈夫一起住在莫哈韦沙漠的营地里的故事。
1. simply 考查副词。设空处修饰动词hated，应用副词形式，所以填simply。
2. unbearable 考查形容词。根据上文句子中的“hated the place”和后面的“125 degrees”可知，这里的温度令人难以忍受。设空处作be动词后的表语，用形容词，所以填unbearable。
3. blew 考查动词的时态。根据上下文的语境可知，设空处应用一般过去时，表示动作发生在过去，所以填blew。
4. living 考查固定搭配。can't/culdn't stand ding sth.“不能忍受做某事”，是固定搭配，所以填living。
5. the 考查冠词。由于上文提到了“tw men”，所以此处指“两者中的另一个”，应用the ther表示，故填the。
6. t stick 考查固定搭配。decide t d sth.“决定做某事”，是固定搭配，所以填t stick。
7. friends 考查固定搭配。make friends “交朋友”，是固定搭配，所以填friends。
8. that/which 考查定语从句。此处用关系代词that或which指代先行词a bk，并在定语从句中作主语，所以填that/which。
9. but 考查连词。沙漠没有改变，但是她的态度改变了，此处用but表示转折。
10. t 考查固定搭配。listen t“听从”，是固定搭配，所以填t。
B
Jingdezhen prcelain (瓷器) is Chinese prcelain prduced in r near Jingdezhen in suthern China. Jingdezhen has prduced prcelain 1. ________(century) ag. And the twn 2. ________ was named Jingdezhen by Emperr Zhenzng f the Nrthern Sng Dynasty became a majr kiln (窑) site arund 1004. During the perid, the 3. ________(prduce) f prcelain in this area first became 4. ________(knw). By the 14th century it had becme the largest centre f prducing Chinese prcelain, which remained in the fllwing times. In the Ming Dynasty, fficial kilns in Jingdezhen 5. ________(cntrl) by the emperr, making quality prcelain in large quantities fr the emperr t give abrad as gifts. As a result, the twn was 6. ________(clse) linked t the wrld.
Althugh being a remte twn in a hilly area, Jingdezhen is near the quality prcelain stne and frests which can prvide plenty f wd fr the kilns. It als has 7. ________ river flwing frm nrth t suth, 8. ________(benefit) the transprt f the fragile bjects.
Jingdezhen has prduced a great variety f 9. ________(value) prcelain. As a result, the twn is famus 10. ________ the “Prcelain Capital”. One type f its well­knwn high quality prcelain is the blue and white prcelain frm the 1330s.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了景德镇的历史和景德镇瓷器的生产、地理位置及产品等信息。
1. centuries 考查名词的单复数。根据句意“景德镇在数个世纪以前就开始生产瓷器了”可知，此处应该填复数centuries。故填centuries。
2. which/that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，句子的主干是“the twn became a majr kiln (窑) site arund 1004”。the twn指物，作先行词，在定语从句中作主语，后接which或that引导的限制性定语从句，故填which/that。
3. prductin 考查名词。根据本空前的the可知用名词。故填prductin。
4. knwn 考查过去分词。此处是“变得被知道，变得知名起来”的意思，故填knwn。
5. were cntrlled 考查被动语态。cntrl“控制”，而官窑不可能自己控制自己，只能由另外的人，比如此处的皇帝控制。与主语fficial kilns一致，故填were cntrlled。
6. clsely 考查副词。clse“紧密的，靠近的”，修饰动词时要用其副词形式作状语，故填clsely。
7. a 考查不定冠词。根据上下文可知，本段讲述的是景德镇的地理位置优越，它还有一条河流从北边流向南边。此处表示泛指，且river以辅音音素开头，故填a。
8. benefiting 考查现在分词。主语和动词benefit之间是主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语，故填benefiting。
9. valuable 考查形容词。此处用形容词作定语修饰名词prcelain，故填valuable。
10. as 考查介词。be famus as... 表示“作为……出名”，为固定搭配。故填as。
Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子
1. 东南部雨量充足，而东北部则很少下雨。(while)
There's plenty f rain in the sutheast, while there's little rain in the nrtheast.
2. 有如此多的人来帮助他， 他一定会成功的。(独立主格结构)
S many peple t help him, he is sure t succeed.
3. 在他这个榜样的带动下，成百上千的人都加入到了我们的工作。(过去分词短语作状语)
Inspired by his example, hundreds f peple vlunteered t jin us.
4. 难怪孩子们很兴奋，这是他们第一次出国。(主语从句)
It's n wnder that the children are excited — this is the first time they've been abrad.
5. 莎拉赶到了机场，正好及时赶上了今天早上的飞机。(make it)
Sarah made it t the airprt just in time t catch her plane this mrning.
B组·能力提升
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
As we all knw, the war is an ancient custm which has existed fr at least six thusand years. It was always evil and usually flish, but in the past the human race managed t live with it. Mdern skill has changed this. Either man will stp war, r war will stp man. Fr the present, it is nuclear weapns that cause the greatest danger, but bacterilgical (细菌学的) r chemical weapns may, befre lng, ffer an even greater threat. Is it pssible t persuade mankind t live withut war? If we succeeded in stpping war, there wuld be n danger fr us. T d this, we need t persuade mankind t lk upn internatinal questins in a new way, nt by cntests f frce, in which the victry ges t the side which is mst skillful in massacre (大屠杀), but by arbitratin (仲裁) in accrdance with agreed principles f law. It is nt easy t change ld mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.
There are thse wh say that the adptin f this r that idelgy (意识形态) wuld prevent war. I believe this t be a cmplete errr. All idelgies are based upn beliefs withut prf which are, at least, dubtful, and at wrst, ttally false. Thse peple wh believe them are willing t g t war in supprt f them.
The mvement f wrld pinin during the past tw years has changed very largely such as we can welcme. It has becme a cmmn belief that nuclear war must be avided. Of curse, very difficult prblems remain in the internatinal wrld, but the spirit in which they are being apprached is a better ne than it was sme years ag. It has begun t be thught, even by the pwerful men wh decide whether we shall live r die, that agreements shuld be reached even if bth sides d nt find these agreements whlly satisfactry. It has begun t be understd that the imprtant cnflict nwadays is nt between East and West, but between Man and the Hi­tech bmb.
1. What can we learn frm the first paragraph?
A. We may face greater threat frm weapns.
B. Nuclear weapns are wrst f all.
C. Man's idea f victry has changed.
D. Dangerus weapns are frbidden nwadays.
2. The authr f the passage believe that ________．
A. it is impssible t live withut war
B. differences between East and West will lead t war
C. war will be stpped by mdern skill
D. war must be stpped if man wants t survive
3. Which is the nly way t stp war accrding t the authr?
A. T stp nuclear weapns.
B. T settle internatinal issues thrugh agreements.
C. T destry bacterilgical and chemical weapns.
D. T let the strnger side take ver the wrld.
4. We can infer frm the last paragraph that ________.
A. nuclear war will definitely nt take place
B. real agreements have been reached nw
C. wrld pinin is still divided n nuclear war
D. man is beginning t realise that nuclear war is the greatest enemy
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。人类面临核生化武器的威胁，开始意识到核战争是人类最大的敌人。因此，人类解决争端的思维模式已经发生了转变，不是靠武力，而是靠协商解决。
1. A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Fr the present, it is nuclear weapns that cause the greatest danger, but bacterilgical (细菌学的) r chemical weapns may”可知，未来生化武器可能给人类带来更大的威胁，故A项正确。
2. D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“If we succeeded in stpping war, there wuld be n danger fr us.”可知，人类面临核生化武器的威胁，只有避免战争才能消除武器对人类的威胁，也就是人类要想生存必须避免战争，故D项正确。
3. B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“T d this, we need t persuade mankind t lk upn internatinal questins in a new way, nt by cntests f frce, in which the victry ges t the side which is mst skillful in massacre (大屠杀), but by arbitratin (仲裁) in accrdance with agreed principles f law.”可知，要想避免战争，人类要摒弃通过武力解决问题的方法，而要按照法律原则进行仲裁，也就是通过协议来解决国际问题，故B项正确。
4. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It has begun t be understd that the imprtant cnflict nwadays is nt between East and West, but between Man and the Hi­tech bmb.”可知，人类开始认识到最大的冲突不是来自东西方，而是来自人类与高科技武器，也就是人类意识到核战争才是人类最大的敌人，故D项正确。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
(2020·山东师大附中4月模拟)When I entered Berkeley, I hped t earn a schlarship. Having been a straight A student, I believed I culd 1 tugh subjects and really learn smething. One such curse was Wrld Literature given by Prfessr Jayne. I was extremely interested in the ideas he 2 in class.
When I tk the first exam f this subject, I was 3 t find a 77, C plus, n my test paper. I went t Prfessr Jayne, wh listened t my arguments but remained 4 . I decided t try harder, and I read the bks mre carefully, but gt anther 77 again. I 5 with Prfessr Jayne. Again, he listened patiently but wuldn't change his 6 ．
One mre test befre the final exam, ne mre chance t imprve my grade. S I redubled my effrt and, fr the first time 7 the meaning f the wrd “thrugh”. But my effrts were n gd and everything 8 as befre.
The last hurdle (难关) was the final exam. N matter what 9 I gt, it wuldn't cancel three C pluses. I might as well kiss the 10 gdbye.
I stpped wrking hard. I felt I knew the curse material as well as I ever wuld. The night befre the final exam, I even 11 myself t a mvie. The next day I decided fr nce I'd have 12 with a test. A week later, I was surprised t find I gt an A. I hurried int Prfessr Jayne's ffice. He 13 t be expecting me. “If I gave yu the As yu 14 ， yu wuldn't cntinue t wrk hard.”
I stared at him 15 that his analysis and strategy (策略) were crrect.
I was speechless when my curse grade arrived: A plus. The next year I received my schlarship. I always remembered prfessr Jayne's lessn: yu alne must set yur wn standard f excellence.
1. A. takeB. discussC. cverD. get
2. A. sughtB. presentedC. exchangedD. btained
3. A. shckedB. wrriedC. scaredD. anxius
4. A. unchangedB. unpleasantC. unfriendlyD. unmved
5. A. quarrelledB. reasnedC. bargainedD. chatted
6. A. attitudeB. mindC. planD. view
7. A. memrisedB. cnsideredC. acceptedD. learned
8. A. stayedB. wentC. wrkedD. changed
9. A. gradeB. answerC. lessnD. cmment
10. A. schlarshipB. curseC. degreeD. subject
11. A. helpedB. favuredC. treatedD. relaxed
12. A. funB. luckC. prblemsD. tricks
13. A. happenedB. prvedC. pretendedD. seemed
14. A. valuedB. imaginedC. expectedD. welcmed
15. A. rememberingB. guessingC. suppsingD. realising
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过叙述自己在Jayne教授所教的科目下，努力争取A＋并最终获得奖学金的故事告诉我们：我们需要自己设定优秀的标准。
1. A 根据下文中的“subjects”可推断，此处表示可以选修较难的科目。
2. B 根据下文中的“in class”和上文中的“the ideas”可推断，此处指的是老师在课堂上所提出的观点，是作者非常感兴趣的，因此作者选修了这门课程。
3. A 第一段讲作者对自己信心满满，第二段提到第一次考试后，作者意外地发现自己竟然只得了77分，所以非常吃惊。
4. D 根据上文中的“but”和下文内容可知，教授不为所动，没有改变给我的分数。
5. B 作者再次得了77分，于是再次去找教授理论。reasn with sb.“与某人讲道理”。
6. B 句意：他又一次耐心地听着，但不愿改变自己的主意。
7. D 作者第一次学到什么叫“彻底”了。
8. B 根据上文“my effrts were n gd”可知，作者的努力没有用，跟以前一样，没有改变。
9. A 根据下文“three C pluses”可知此处指的是成绩。
10. A 根据第一段中的“t earn a schlarship”和最后一段中的“I received my schlarship”可知，这里是指作者以为自己拿不到奖学金了。
11. C 句意：在期末考试的前一天晚上，我甚至请自己去看了电影。treat sb. t sth.意为“用……招待；以……款待”。
12. A 根据上文考前请自己看电影可知，作者决定把考试当作一种乐趣。
13. D 根据语境可知，一周后，作者惊喜地发现自己居然得了A，就跑去找教授，发现教授好像正在等他来。
14. C 根据下文“yu wuldn't cntinue t wrk hard”并结合上文内容可知，教授的想法是如果自己一开始就给了作者所期望的成绩A，作者就不会这么努力付出了。
15. D 下文“his analysis and strategy (策略) were crrect”是作者意识到的东西。此处表示作者盯着教授，这时才真正明白了教授的用心。
Ⅲ. 概要写作
(2020·浙江省“五校联考”)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
These days ur sciety develps rapidly and peple tend t rush. It appears that peple have gt used t being in a hurry. Hwever, it's better fr peple t take their time and live their life at a slwer pace than t hurry t get things dne.
The main reasn that cnvinces us t be against ding wrk in a hurry is the pssibility f ding wrng in a rush. When peple d their jbs r take actin in a hurry, they can't make a sund decisin and prbably regret later. As the saying ges, “Haste makes waste.” We shuld think carefully befre making a decisin and d ur wrk less quickly. We shuld nt make mistakes by ding wrk hurriedly.
Slwing dwn the pace f life helps peple enjy their life better. Fr example, taking a train t sme place certainly will take mre time than taking a plane. Hwever, it allws peple t fully enjy the beautiful scenery alng the way. On the cntrary, being in a hurry will make us lse chances f enjying ur lives.
Finally, slwer life pace prvides better health cnditin fr us. As is knwn t all, taking actin in a hurry bthers peple and raises their stress. Peple think if they are nt in a hurry, they will becme a lser and that annys them. But being in a hurry can hurt peple bth physically and mentally (精神上地). Accrding t sme studies, peple wh have a slwer pace suffer fewer diseases, tend t be happier and live much lnger than thse whse life is tense, even if the frmer finish jbs mre slwly than the latter.
In shrt, wrking quickly will bring abut mre material benefits t make ur sciety mre advanced. Yet, much stress can't bring enjyment, friends and health, which are much mre imprtant than mney and ther material advantages. Therefre, take yur time and live yur life at a slwer pace.
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【参考范文】
Despite being accustmed t the fast pace f mdern sciety, peple are recmmended t lead a slwer life. Firstly, slwing dwn lwers the pssibility f cmmitting errrs by cmprehensive thinking. Secndly, mre pprtunities t enjy life are allwed by a slwer pace. Lastly, better physical and mental cnditin is als what a slwer life brings. Therefre, let's take a slwer life frm nw n.