(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第一册 Unit 4 Body Language (含答案)

Ⅰ.认阅读单词

1．demonstrate vt.表现；表达；说明；证明

2．gesture n．手势；姿势；姿态

3．identical adj.相同的

4．interpret vt.把……理解(解释)为 vi.& vt.口译

5．waist n．腰；腰部

6．fake adj.假装的；假的；冒充的

7．trial n．& v．审讯；审判；试验；试用

8．nonverbal adj.不涉及言语的；非言语的

9．internal adj.内部的；里面的

10．reveal vt.揭示；显示；露出

11．tick vt.给(试卷、问题等)打钩号 vi.(钟表)发出嘀嗒声 n．钩号

12．chin n．下巴

13．distract vt.分散(注意力)；使分心

14．ultimately adv.最终；最后

15．intervene vi.干预；介入

16．component n．组成部分；零件

17．tone n．语气；腔调；口吻

18．Brazil巴西(国家名)

19．Bulgaria保加利亚(国家名)

20．Albania阿尔巴尼亚(国家名)

Ⅱ.记重点单词

1．appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的

2．witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证 n．目击者；证人

3．cheek n．面颊；脸颊

4．bow vi.鞠躬；点头 vt.低(头)

5．barrier n．隔阂；障碍

6．incident n．发生的事情；严重事件；冲突

7．twin adj.双胞胎之一的；孪生之一的 n．孪生之一；双胞胎之一

8．slump vi.垂头弯腰地走(或坐等)

9．pose n．故作姿态；(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势 vi.摆好姿势 vt.造成(威胁、问题等)

10．bend vt.& vi.(bent，bent)(使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向

11．clarify vt.使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清

12．lower vt.把……放低；降低；减少 adj.下面的；下方的；较小的

13．imply vt.意味着；暗示

14．stare vi.盯着看；凝视 n．凝视

15．ceiling n．天花板；上限

16．perceive vt.察觉；看待；理解

17．chest n．胸部；胸膛

18．merely adv.只是；仅仅；只不过

19．bother vi.& vt.费心；麻烦；因……操心 n．麻烦；不便

20．weep vi.& vt.哭泣；流泪

21．conflict n．矛盾；冲突 vi.冲突；抵触

Ⅲ.知拓展单词

1．interaction n．交流；相互影响→interact vi.相互交流；相互影响

2．vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变→various adj.不同的；各种各样的→variety n．多样性；变化；种类

3．approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过→approval n．赞成；同意；批准→approving adj.赞许的；赞成的

4．employ vt.使用；应用；雇用→employee n．雇员；受雇者→employer n．雇主；雇用者→employment n．雇用；聘用

5．differ vi.相异；不同于→different adj.不同的；有差异的→difference n．差别；差异

6．favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n．帮助；恩惠；赞同→favorable adj.赞成的；有利的

7．anger n．愤怒；怒气 vt.使生气；激怒→angry adj.生气的；愤怒的→angrily adv.生气地；愤怒地

8．reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的→rely vi.依赖；信赖

9．slight adj.轻微的；略微的；细小的→slightly adv.略微；稍微

10．assess vt.评估；评价→assessment n．评价；评定

11．educator n．教师；教育工作者；教育家→educate vt.教育→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育

12．tendency n．趋势；倾向→tend vt.& vi.照料；护理 vi.倾向于；有……的趋势

13．barely adv.几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚→bare adj.赤裸的；光秃秃的；空的

14．occupy vt.占据；占用→occupied adj.使用中；忙于；被占领的→occupation n．占领；职业

15．distinguish vi.& vt.区分；辨别→distinguished adj.卓越的；杰出的

16．anxiety n．焦虑；担心；害怕→anxious adj.忧虑的；焦虑的；渴望的→anxiously adv.焦虑地

17．embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的→embarrassing adj.使人难堪的；令人尴尬的→embarrass vt.使窘迫；使尴尬

18．ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧→shame n．羞耻；羞愧；让人遗憾的事→shameful adj.可耻的→shameless adj.无耻的；没廉耻的

19．inquire/enquire vi.& vt.询问；打听→inquiry/enquiry n．询问；调查

20．adjust vt.调整；调节 vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯→adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的→adjustment n．调整；调节；适应

21．react vi.(对……)起反应；回应；(对食物等)有不良反应→reaction n．反应；副作用

Ⅳ.背核心短语

1．by contrast相比之下

2．by comparison(与……)相比较

3．make inferences推理；推断

4．break down消除；分解；打破

5．straighten up直起来；整理；收拾整齐

6．in other words换句话说；也就是说

7．call on(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请

8．at work有某种影响；在工作

9．spoken language口语

10．shake hands握手

1．guidance n．引导；指导

2．guilty adj.有罪的；犯法的；感到惭愧的

3．gymnastics n．体操

4．handle n．柄；把手 vt.处理

5．handy adj.手边的；附近的；方便的

6．harbour (美harbor) n．港口

7．harmony n．和谐

8．headline n．(报刊的)大字标题

1．For example，making eye contact—looking into someone’s eyes—in some countries is a way to display interest.(a way to do...)

例如，在一些国家，眼神交流(即直视某人的眼睛)是表示兴趣的一种方式。

2．However，you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany，as it is not considered polite.(as引导原因状语从句)

然而，在巴西和德国，你应该避免作出这一手势，因为这是一个被视为不礼貌的手势。

3．Of course，not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.(部分否定)

当然，并不是每个抬头的人都专注于课堂。

4．While it is easy to perceive when students are interested，bored，or distracted，it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.(while引导让步状语从句)

尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。

5．Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities，when to intervene，and when to talk to students individually，so they can all get the most out of school.(疑问词＋不定式)

他们的肢体语言让我知道该何时调整课堂活动、何时干预、何时与学生单独交谈，从而让他们在校收获最大。

请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。

In our interactions with others，we employ appropriate body language，namely，nonverbal language to demonstrate our internal emotions.Sometimes we have difficulty in interpreting and distinguishing gestures because they aren’t 1.identical.So we should learn to perceive，assess and adjust our words accordingly.For instance，if a person is embarrassed and ashamed，he will 2.lower his head，slightly bend his body，and stare at the ground.If a person boils with anger or experiences anxiety，he will have a tendency to cross arms in front of his chest，with tears rolling down his cheeks.If a person does not move his eyes for a long time，it means that he is 3.distracted.By contrast，if a person approves of or 4.favours a plan，he may be witnessed straightening up and nodding his head.Certainly we can’t always make reliable inferences because body language differs in different countries and 5.varies from person to person.Nevertheless，I still call on people to reveal body language with the purpose of breaking down the barriers in our daily communication.After all，properly 6.reacting to body language is an important component of our daily routine.In other words，we should occupy ourselves in learning some body language to avoid some unnecessary conflicts.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇

vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变(various adj.不同的；各种各样的 variety n．多样性；变化；种类)

(1)In our daily life，we will come across various(vary) barriers，so we should try to break them down.

(2)In my class the students vary in height from 100 cm to 120 cm.

(3)文学社推荐了各种各样的好书，鼓励我们从阅读中获得乐趣。

The Literature Society recommended a variety of/varieties of/various good books，encouraging us to get pleasure out of reading.

(4)我有许多爱好，从打篮球到弹钢琴不等。

①I have a number of hobbies，which vary from playing basketball to playing the piano.(定语从句)

②I have a number of hobbies，varying from playing basketball to playing the piano.(非谓语动词)

  approve vi.赞成，同意 vt.批准；通过(approval n．赞成；通过；同意；认可；批准 approving adj.赞许的；许可的)

(1)Almost all the educators gave us an approving(approve) nod to our plan.

(2)如果您能批准我们的提议，我们将不胜感激。(应用文写作之感谢信)

①We would be grateful if you could approve our proposal.(approve)

②We would be grateful if you could give approval to our proposal.(approval)

(3)既然您赞成我的主意，我就详细地向您介绍一下。

Now that you have approved of my idea，I will introduce it to you in detail.

  favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n．帮助；恩惠；赞同(favourable adj.赞成的；有利的)

(1)By performing appropriate measures，we have created a favourable(favor) learning environment.

(2)He boiled with anger when hearing that most of them weren’t in favour of his opinion.

(3)When I take photos，I favour posing(pose) in this way for a photograph.

(4)我写这封信，希望你能够在即将到来的面试中帮助我。(应用文写作之求助信)

I’m writing this letter，hoping that you can do me a favour/do a favour for me with my coming interview.

  occupy vt.占用；占领；占据(occupied adj.使用中；忙于；被占领的 occupation n．占领；职业)

(1)Ultimately，you must state your full name，age and occupation(occupy) in your application form.

(2)Because they were occupied in making and selling popcorn，they spared no time to play around.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)

→Occupying themselves in making and selling popcorn，they spared no time to play around.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)

→Occupied in making and selling popcorn，they spared no time to play around.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)

ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧(shame n．羞耻；羞愧；让人遗憾的事 shameful adj.可耻的 shameless adj.无耻的；没廉耻的)

(1)It’s shameful(shame) to apply other people’s research results without their permission.

(2)She was ashamed of making so many conflicts with her classmate Tom.

(3)It is a shame that my plan hasn’t been approved.

(4)我是如此羞愧，以至于我感觉心如刀绞，眼泪模糊了我的双眼。(读后续写之羞愧心理描写)

①I was so ashamed that I felt as if a knife were piercing(刺穿) my heart，tears clouding my eyes.(用so...that...句型)

②So ashamed was I that I felt as if a knife were piercing my heart，tears clouding my eyes.(用so...that...句型的倒装形式改写)

adjust vt.调整；调节 vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯(adjustment n．调整；适应 adjustable adj.可调节的；可调整的)

(1)To my great joy，the height of the bicycle is adjustable(adjust)．

(2)我写信向您寻求一些如何适应新环境的建议。(应用文写作之求助信)

I am writing to ask you for some advice on how to adjust (myself) to the new surroundings.

(3)由于我没有及时调整相关的信息，这给您带来极大的不便，我写信向您道歉。(应用文写作之道歉信)

①I am writing to apologize to you for my not adjusting the relevant information in time，causing great inconvenience to you.(adjust)

②I am writing to apologize to you for my not making adjustments to the relevant information in time，which caused great inconvenience to you.(adjustment，定语从句)

break down分解；(机器)损坏，出故障；(谈判)失败；(身体)垮掉；消除；打破

用break的相关短语填空

(1)What angered me was that my car broke down on the way to my company.

(2)We arrived home early only to find a thief trying to break in.

(3)The president’s tone implied that a war would break out soon.

(4)When the father saw his lost child safe，he broke into tears and his anxiety finally disappeared.

(5)The boy and the girl had serious conflicts，so they broke up.

(6)The educator hasn’t broken through in his teaching so far.

call on访问；要求；正式邀请；呼吁；号召

用call的相关短语填空

(1)I stared at the picture，which called up memories of our class trip.

(2)Now the government calls on us to download relevant information from reliable websites.

(3)The conference had been ultimately called off，so we went home instead.

(4)Sometimes situations call for us to be strong and brave.

　 Of course，not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.

当然，并不是每个抬头的人都专注于课堂。

(1)我同意你说的大部分内容，但并非同意你讲的一切。

I agree with most of what you said，but I don’t agree with everything that you said.

(2)汤姆让杰克和彼得陪他去野餐，但是他们两个都不想去，因为他们有工作要做。

Tom asks Jack and Peter to go on a picnic with him，but neither of them want(s) to，because they have work to do.

(3)他被授予这次比赛的一等奖，尽管似乎不是所有人都同意。

He was awarded the first prize in the competition，though not all of the people seemed to agree.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇

Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍

1．bother

(1)Sorry to bother you，but the manager is on the line.  C 

(2)He didn’t bother to answer the question.  A 

(3)You needn’t bother yourself about small things.  B 

2．employ

(1)When did the company start to employ new people？  B 

(2)Every day I employ myself in doing homework.  C 

(3)He employed an appropriate method to solve the problem.  A 

3．break down

(1)My car broke down on the way to the airport.  C 

(2)The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.  A 

(3)In other words，your health will break down if you work too hard.  D 

(4)You should break down your tasks in an appropriate way so that you can finish them on time.  E 

(5)Getting young people together will help to break down the barriers between them.  B 

4．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思

(1)Smoking every day will pose a threat to your physical health.造成

(2)His anxiety to win the vote was obvious.渴望

(3)Of the two ways of sharing books，the latter wins my favour.好感；喜爱

Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识

1．The new journalist adjusts himself to the new environment quite smoothly.

2．With favorable(favor) weather conditions，let’s visit the theme park.

3．With so many different themes of poetry to choose(choose) from，students may want to write poems of their own.

4．The government calls on us to protect(protect) rare animals from being extinct.

5．He didn’t bother answering/to answer(answer) my question，which didn’t appeal to him.

6．Occupied(occupy) in his research，he didn’t have time to take part in amusing entertainments.

7．He was ashamed of not being up to his position，so he came up with some good ways to improve himself.

8．She was employed(employ) in doing the rewarding job every day.

9．I approve of your accompanying him to Beijing，but please do be careful.

10．The expert displays the ability to distinguish paintings of high quality from poor ones.

Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练

求助信——适应高中新环境

1．我写信向你求助。(favour)

I am writing to ask you a favour.

2．我几乎崩溃了，因为我不知道如何适应高中的新环境。(break down；as；adjust)

I have almost broken down，as I don’t know how to adjust(myself)to the new surroundings in senior high school.

3．我每天忙于做作业，因此我必须取消我的从打篮球到弹钢琴不等的爱好。(occupy；call off；vary)

I am occupied in doing my homework every day，so I must call off my hobbies，varying from playing basketball to playing the piano.

4．尽管我努力学习，我仍然跟不上其他人。(while)

While I study hard，I still can’t keep up with others.

5．您可以给我一个如何融入高中生活的方法吗？(a way to do...)

Would you please offer me a way to integrate into senior high school life?

Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练

教材续写语料

1．情感描写

weep vi.& vt.哭泣；流泪

anger n．愤怒；怒气 vt.使生气；激怒

anxiety n．焦虑；担心；害怕

embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的

ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧

2．动作描写

slump vi.垂头弯腰地走(或坐等)

bend vt.& vi.(bent，bent)(使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向

lower vt.把……放低；降低；减少

bother vi.& vt.费心；麻烦；因……操心

stare vi.盯着看；凝视 n．凝视

break down消除；分解；打破

续写语料运用

请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。

一个女孩骑车撞倒了一位老奶奶。女孩懒得扶她起来，而是愤怒地责备她。然后，就骑着车走了。片刻之后，女孩发现后座上的运动鞋丢了。令她吃惊的是，老奶奶焦急万分地在等她。女孩是如此羞愧、尴尬，她低着头，盯着地面，感觉血液涌上脸庞。女孩终于崩溃了，止不住地哭起来。老奶奶俯下身，温柔地抚摸着她的头。

A girl riding a bike knocked down an old grandma.The girl didn’t bother to help her up but blamed her in anger.Then the girl rode away.A moment later，the girl found her sports shoes on the backseat missing.To her surprise，the old grandma was waiting for her with great anxiety.So ashamed and embarrassed was the girl that she lowered her head and stared at the ground，feeling the blood rush to her face.The girl finally broke down and wept without control.The old grandma bent forward and stroked her head gently.