(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第一册 Unit 5 Working the Land (含答案)

Ⅰ.认阅读单词

1．hybrid n．杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车

2．crisis n．(pl.crises)危机；危急关头

3．characteristic n．特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的

4．conventional adj.传统的；习惯的

5．pollinate vt.授粉；传粉

6．domestic adj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的

7．strain n．(动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力

8．celebrity n．名望；名誉；名人；名流

9．envision vt.展望；想象

10．sorghum n．高粱；高粱米

11．broom n．扫把；扫帚；金雀花

12．grain n．谷物；谷粒；颗粒

13．urban adj.城市的；都市的；城镇的

14．bomb n．炸弹 vt.轰炸；对……投炸弹

15．tunnel n．地下通道；地道；隧道

16．wheat n．小麦；小麦籽

17．flavour(NAmE -vor) n．味道；特点；特色

18．fertiliser(NAmE -izer) n．肥料

19．poverty n．贫穷；贫困

20．organic adj.有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的

21．pesticide n．杀虫剂；除害药物

22．bacterium n．(pl.bacteria)细菌

23．grocery n．食品杂货店；[pl.]食品杂货

Ⅱ.记重点单词

1．tackle vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理

2．boost vt.使增长；使兴旺 n．增长；提高；激励

3．yield n．产量；产出 vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等) vi.屈服；让步

4．attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到

5．intense adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的

6．overcome vt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜

7．output n．产量；输出；输出量 vt.(output，output)输出

8．estimate vt.估计；估价；估算 n．估计；估算

9．comprise vt.包括；包含；由……组成

10．generate vt.产生；引起

11．leisure n．闲暇；休闲；空闲

12．soil n．泥土；土壤；国土；领土

13．vision n．想象；视力；视野；影像

14．reality n．现实；实际情况；事实

15．alleviate vt.减轻；缓解

16．widespread adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的

17．digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会；领悟 n．摘要；文摘

18．essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的

19．mineral n．矿物；矿物质

20．alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的

21．instance n．例子；实例；事例

22．root n．根；根茎；根部；根源

23．aspect n．方面；层面

Ⅲ.知拓展单词

1．devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devotion n．奉献；忠诚；挚爱

2．shortage n．不足；缺少；短缺→short adj.短的；矮的；缺乏的；简略的

3．convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服→convincing adj.有说服力的；使人信服的→convinced adj.确信的；坚信的

4．assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得→assume v．假定；设想→assuming conj.假定；假设

5．expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务)→expansion n．扩大；扩张；扩充

6．consumption n．消耗；消耗量；消费→consume vt.消耗；消费；吃；喝→consumer n．消费者；用户；客户

7．salty adj.含盐的；咸的→salt n．盐

8．extension n．扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extend vt.伸开；展开；延伸

9．chemical adj.与化学有关的；化学的 n．化学制品；化学品→chemistry n．化学→chemically adv.化学上地→chemist n．化学家；药剂师

10．nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的→nutrition n．营养；滋养

11．depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→deep adj.深的→deeply adv.深深地；强烈地→deepen vt.加深；(使)变深

12．entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地→entire adj.全部的；完全的

Ⅳ.背核心短语

1．devote...to把……用于；献身；致力；专心

2．be comprised of包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)

3．deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上

4．in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流

5．for instance例如；比如

6．be like...像……

7．fulfil one’s dreams 实现某人的梦想

8．in fact事实上

9．turn to转向；求助于

10．be ready for为……做准备

1．hesitate vt.犹豫；踌躇

2．hopeless adj.没有希望的；绝望的

3．horrible adj.令人恐惧的；恐怖的

4．humor n．幽默，幽默感

5．humorous adj.幽默的

6．hurricane n．飓风；十二级风

7．ideal adj.理想的；美好的

8．identification n．鉴定；识别

1．However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.(that引导的表语从句)

然而，他最关心的农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。

2．How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.(how引导的主语从句)

如何实现这一目标成为当时一个颇具挑战性的问题。

3．However，whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.(whether引导的主语从句)

然而，是否可能开发出水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种，仍众说纷纭。

4．Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy，one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.(given that引导的原因状语从句)

鉴于袁隆平开发杂交水稻而变得相当富有，有人会认为他会退休享受悠闲的生活。

5．Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops.(why引导的主语从句；because引导的表语从句)

种植不同作物的原因，是为了把重要的矿物质重新放回土壤之中，让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)做好准备。

请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。

Our class is comprised of thirty students from the countryside.Deep down，all of us envision ourselves attaining respectful jobs in urban cities in the near future.Dreams are rooted in our hearts.We are greatly 1.convinced that being entirely devoted to our study can boost our confidence in tackling crises.We will combine conventional learning methods with modern ones to expand our knowledge.Then we’ll bravely output what we have learned.Certainly，it is essential that we shouldn’t 2.yield to difficulties.The instant we can’t digest what the teacher says in class，we will be overcome with sorrow.Too much homework generates much strain，but we have alternative methods to 3.alleviate our frustration.For instance，we will buy nutritious foods in a grocery store in our leisure time，although we have a 4.shortage of money.On the assumption that we always have such an 5.intense interest in study，it is estimated that we can put our dreams into 6.reality，which in turn can enable us to live a better life that we have been looking forward to.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇

devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于(常与介词to连用)(devoted adj.深爱的；忠诚的 devotion n．奉献；忠诚；挚爱)

(1)It is his devotion(devote)to his learning that enables him to attain a doctor’s degree.

(2)我最崇拜的人是我的英语老师，他致力于教学。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)

①The person I admire most is my English teacher who/that devotes himself to/is devoted to his teaching.(定语从句)

②The person I admire most is my English teacher devoted to his teaching.(过去分词短语作后置定语)

  convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服 (convinced adj.确信的；坚信的 convincing adj.令人信服的)

(1)His speech was so convincing that everyone present entirely believed what he said.From his convincing words，I was entirely convinced of his ability to tackle this problem perfectly.(convince)

(2)我深信我能胜任这份工作，如果有幸得到这个职位，我将尽最大努力履行职责。(应用文写作之申请信)

I am greatly convinced that I am qualified for this job and I will try my best to perform my duties if I am lucky enough to get the position.

(3)我已经说服爸爸支持我沿湄公河骑行的计划。

I have convinced my father to support my plan to cycle along the Mekong River.

  assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得(assume v．假定；设想；承担；假装)

(1)Deep down they assumed her to be(be) the best singer of their time.

(2)假如我被选为学生会主席，我将组织更多丰富多彩的课外活动以丰富我们的学校生活。

On the assumption that/Assuming that I am chosen to be chairman of the Student Union，I will organize more colorful after-class activities to enrich our school life.

(3)People assume that drinking Chinese tea can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory.

→It is generally assumed that not only can drinking Chinese tea refresh ourselves but also it can strengthen our memory.(用It is generally assumed that...；not only...but also...的倒装句改写)

  alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的(alternatively adv.可供选择地)

(1)I could come to your house，or alternatively(alternative)，we could meet in the town.

(2)For instance，solar energy is an alternative to fossil fuel.

(3)面对新冠，我们别无选择只能待在家里以缓解这个严重的境况。

Faced with COVID-19，we have no alternative but to stay at home to alleviate the serious situation.

in turn转而；相应地；反过来；依次；轮流

用turn的相关短语填空

Some student representatives took turns to deliver speeches at the coming-of-age ceremony.Finally，it was my turn.Personally，in the past it was our parents and teachers that helped us in many aspects and in turn，we should give a helping hand to them from now on.

(改编自2020·6月天津，书面表达)

Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy，one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.鉴于袁隆平开发杂交水稻而变得相当富有，有人会认为他会退休,享受悠闲的生活。

(1)鉴于您对中国的传统节日端午节非常感兴趣，我写信向您介绍端午节。(应用文写作之传统文化)

Given that you are keen on the traditional Chinese festival，Dragon Boat Festival，I am writing to introduce it to you.

(2)鉴于没有人帮他与恶狼作斗争，他立即从自行车上下来，并且抓牢自行车，用尽全力把它扔向狼，试图把狼吓跑。(读后续写之动作链描写)

Given that there was nobody to help him fight against the fierce wolf，he instantly got off the bike，seized the bike tightly and threw it towards the wolf with all his strength，trying to frighten it away.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇

Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍

1．digest

(1)I only read this digest of the novel，so I don’t know the details.  C 

(2)I haven’t entirely digested what he said just now.  B 

(3)I prefer this kind of food，because it digests well.  A 

2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思

(1)I will never yield to the temporary difficulties I am facing now.屈服；让步

(2)Her parents were overcome with great sadness at the funeral.受到……的极大影响

Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识

1．I think we should devote much more time to adjusting(adjust) to the new environment.

2．I found his speech convincing(convince) and he would call on more people to take regular exercise.

3．My assessments were based on the assumption(assume) that house prices would remain steady.

4．I have no alternative but to ask(ask) him for an appropriate way to solve the problem.

5．The educators in this school took turns to deliver(deliver) a speech in the rural schools.

6．It is essential that he (should)get(get) some reliable information before making inferences.

7．A shortage(short) of experience caused us to assess what had happened in an incorrect way.

8．Assuming(assume) that I settled the conflict，I would employ an entirely new way.

9．To turn their dreams into reality(real)，the twins work very hard.

10．What made me thrilled was that I could distinguish between this kind of flower and another one.

Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练

话题写作之爱心义卖活动

1．鉴于高三学生即将毕业，昨天学生会组织了爱心义卖活动(charity sale)，以较低的价格出售各种旧书和二手物品。(given that...)

Given that Senior Three students are to graduate，a charity sale was organized by the Student Union yesterday to sell various used books and second-hand goods at a lower price.

2．这次爱心义卖活动包括开幕式、卖东西和闭幕式。(be comprised of)

The charity sale was comprised of the opening ceremony，the selling of objects and the closing ceremony.

3．事实上原先的高三学生在毕业前把许多时间投入卖二手书中。(devote)

Actually former senior three students devoted much time to selling second-hand books before graduation.

4．高三学生深信低年级学生可以买到他们所渴望的书籍。(convince)

Senior three students were greatly convinced that junior students could buy the books they had a desire for.

5．总而言之，所有师生都认为这个活动是有意义的。(assume)

All in all，all the teachers and students assume the activity to be meaningful.

Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练

教材续写语料

1．情感描写

convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服→convincing adj.有说服力的；使人信服的→convinced adj.确信的；坚信的

intense adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的

deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上

2．动作描写

tackle vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理

boost vt.使增长；使兴旺 n．增长；提高；激励

yield n．产量；产出 vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等) vi.屈服；让步

overcome vt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜

alleviate vt.减轻；缓解

devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于

续写语料运用

请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。

看见我朋友悲痛欲绝，我是如此焦虑，我感觉就像热锅上的蚂蚁。我必须竭尽全力振奋他的精神，并说服他不要向暂时的失败屈服。我向他提供了一些有效的措施，缓解他的悲伤和解决他的问题。最终，他相信只有致力于学习他才能通过考试。当我看到他走出阴霾，我的心感觉像喝了蜂蜜一样甜。

Seeing my friend overcome with grief，I was so anxious that I felt like an ant on a hot pan.I must do whatever I could to boost his spirits and convince him not to yield to the temporary failure.I offered him some effective measures to alleviate his sadness and tackle his problems.Finally，he was convinced that only if he was devoted to his study could he pass the exam.When I saw him come out of the haze，my heart was as sweet as honey.