2020-2021学年Unit 1 In the Hospita精品导学案

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Grammar Verb Tenses
动词时态
I. 一般时态
1. 一般现在时
一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态。常见的时间状语：usually, ften, always, smetimes, regularly, near, ccasinally, every year, every week。
(1) The mn mves rund the earth.
月球绕着地球转。
(2) Mr. Smith travels t wrk by bus every day.
史密斯先生每天乘车去工作。
2. 一般过去时
一般过去时表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态或者表示过去习惯性的动作。常见的时间状语：yesterday, last mnth, last year。
(1) We went t the theatre and saw a very interesting film last night.
我们昨晚去电影院看了一部非常有趣的影片。
(2) I used t d my hmewrk in the library.
我过去常常在图书馆里写作业。
3. 一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。常见的时间状语：tmrrw, next mnth, next year, next week。
(1) will /shall + v.
I will get up at six ’clck tmrrw.
我明天六点钟起床。
(2) be ging t + v. 在口语中广泛使用，表示打算、准备要做某事。
I’m ging t buy a huse when we’ve saved enugh mney.
当我存够了钱，我准备买一所新房子。
(3) be t + v. 表示计划安排要做某事，有“必要”的强制性意义。
I am t play tennis this afternn.
我今天下去要去打网球。
(4) be abut t + v. 表示即将要做某事。
He is abut t start.
他将要起程。
(5) be due t + v. 表示预先确定了要做某事或必定要发生的事。
The train is due t depart in ten minutes.
火车十分钟后开动。
= 2 \* ROMAN II. 进行时态
1. 现在进行时
现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或现阶段经常发生的动作，也可表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。常见的时间状语：nw, right nw, at the mment, fr the time being, fr the present, always, cntinually, frever, cnstantly。
(1) Dn’t disturb her. She is reading a newspaper nw.
别打扰她，她正在读报纸。
(2) They are leaving fr Hng Kng next mnth.
他们下个月去香港。
2. 过去进行时
过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后，另一个过去的动作正在进行，或表示过去反复的习惯。常见的时间状语：always, cntinually, cnstantly。
(1) We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.
当校长走进来的时候，我们正在讨论这个问题。
(2) Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.
无论我何时去拜访他，他总是坐在桌前写作。
3. 将来进行时
将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时刻开始，并继续下去的动作。
(1) This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.
明天的这个时间会他们坐在电影院里看电影。
(2) What will yu be ding at six tmrrw evening?
明晚六点钟你将会做什么？
= 3 \* ROMAN III. 完成时态
1. 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的，刚刚完成的动作或者过去某一时刻发生的，持续到现在的情况。常见的时间状语：already，yet，s far，since that day，just，fr，during，ver。
(1) has/have + dne (动词过去分词)
I have just finished my hmewrk.
我刚刚做完我的家庭作业。
S far, she hasn’t enjyed the summer vacatin.
到现在为止，她还没有享受过暑假。
(2) This (That, It) is (was) the first (secnd…) time +定语从句
如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时；如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。
There was a knck at the dr. It was the secnd time smene had interrupted me that evening.
有人敲门，这已经是有人在夜里第二次打扰我了。
2. 过去完成时
过去完成时表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用by，befre等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。
(1) had + dne (动词过去分词)
We had just had ur breakfast when Tm came in.
当汤姆进来的时候，我刚刚吃过早饭。
(2) 动词expect, hpe, mean, intend, plan, suppse, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时，表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。
I had meant t take a gd hliday this year, but I wasn’t able t get away.
我原打算今年去度假，但是我却不能离开。
3. 将来完成时
将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作；也可以用来表示一种猜测。
(1) I shall have finished this cmpsitin befre 9 ’clck.
九点之前我将要完成这篇作文。
(2) By this time tmrrw yu will have arrived in Shanghai.
明天的这个时间，你们已经到达上海了。
= 4 \* ROMAN IV. 完成进行时态
完成进行时是完成时的强调形式，有现在完成进行时，过去完成进行
时，将来完成进行时。
1. 现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到现在某一时刻。
I have been lking fr my bk fr three days, but I still haven’t fund it.
三天来我一直在寻找我的那本书，但是我仍然没有找到它。
2. 过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。
It had been raining cats and dgs fr ver a week and the dwnpur had caused landslides in many places.
持续一周多的倾盆大雨导致许多地方出现了山崩。
3. 将来完成进行时
将来完成进行时表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的一个动作或状态一直延续到将来某一时刻。
By the time yu arrive tnight, she will have been typing fr hurs.
截止到今晚你到达的时候，我已经持续打了几个小时的字了。
【温馨提示】 应用一般现在时态需要注意的问题：
在一般现在时中，动词用原型表示，但单数第三人称后要加-s，在词尾加-s时要注意：
1. 一般情况加-s 例如：reads，writes，says。
The mn mves rund the earth.
月亮绕着地球转。
2．以s，x，ch，sh结尾的词加-es 例如：teaches，washes，guesses
This sweater washes well。
这套毛衣耐洗。
3．以辅音字母+ y结尾的词变y为i再加-es 例如：try—tries， carry—carries。
He ften carries much mney with him.
他身上经常带着很多钱。
Cre Skills and Practice
= 1 \* ROMAN I. Chse the best answer.
1. He ________the street when he was hit by a car.
A. was just crssedB. just crssed
C. had just crssedD. was just crssing
2. ________the letter, I ran ut f the rm t the pst ffice.
A. Since I have finished writing
B. N sner had I finished writing
C. As sn as I finished
D. After I have been finished
3. Martin had visited his aunt tw days befre he ________ twn.
A. leavesB. wuld leave C. had left D. left
4. What ________frm nine t eleven last night?
A. have yu dne B. had yu dne
C. d yu d D. were yu ding
5. The child will g swimming if it________ this afternn.
A. wn’t rain B. wuldn’t rain C. desn’t rainD. didn’t rain
6. Mike ________TV at 8:00 last night. Hw culd yu see him in the lab at that mment?
A. watched B. watches C. is watching D. was watching
7. Oil and water________ mix.
A. is nt ging t B. will nt C. is nt t D. shuld nt
8. By the time we gt t the statin, the train ________fr 5 minutes, s we had t give up the trip.
A. had left B. left C. was away D. had been away
9.  Jack, ________the Great Wall?
 Yes. But I’ve never been there.
A. had yu ever heard fB. have yu ever heard f
C. did yu hear fD. d yu hear f
10. ________I gt there, Mr. Black was reading a telegram frm his hmetwn and he seemed excited at that mment.
A. WhenB. As C. Whenever D. Since
= 2 \* ROMAN II. Fill in each f the blanks with the wrds in the brackets, and change the frm if necessary.
1. He said he ________ (write) a nvel.
2. The teacher wanted t knw when we ________ (finish) the experiment.
3. He said his father ________ (be) an engineer.
4. When he ________ (cme) hme tnight, I will have been writing fr hurs.
5. There________ (be) a lt f excitement n the street.
6. When we________ (get) t the railway statin, the train will prbably have left.
= 3 \* ROMAN III. Chse the crrect tense by drawing a circle arund yur chice.
1. They waited until everyne was ready and then they had started / started the meeting.
2. By the time they gt t the cinema, the film had been n / began fr ten minutes.
3. Dick step / stepped int the rm, shut the dr and began t wrk.
4. The girl smiled, gt up, and received / receiving the gld medal frm the schlmaster.
5. The students were writing busily when Miss Brwn went t get the bk she has left / had left in the ffice.
6. I’m nt sure where my dictinary is. I’ve lked fr it everywhere, but still dn't find / haven’t fund it.