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人教版英语九年级 Unit 6重点知识复习课件
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这是一份人教版英语九年级 Unit 6重点知识复习课件，共31页。
人教版英语九年级单元重点知识复习课件Unit 6 When was it invented? .heel n. 鞋跟;足跟electricity n. 电;电能scoop n. 勺; 铲子style n. 样式; 款式project n. 项目;工程pleasure n. 高兴;愉快zipper n. (= zip) 拉链;拉锁daily adj. 每日的;日常的website n. 网站translate v. 翻译 基础夯实nearly adv. 几乎;差不多ruler n. 统治者，支配着boil v. 煮沸;烧开remain v.保持不变；剩余smell n. 气味v. 发出气味;闻到saint n. 圣人;圣徒doubt n. 疑惑;疑问 v. 怀疑fridge n. 冰箱 lock v. 锁上;锁住earthquake n. 地震【重点单词短语过关】读一读 背一背sudden adj. 突然(的)biscuit n. 饼干 cookie n. 曲奇饼干 instrument n. 器械; 仪器;工具crispy adj. 脆的;酥脆的 sour adj. 酸的;有酸味的 customer n. 顾客;客户 Canadian adj. /n .加拿大/人的 divide v. 分开;分散 purpose n. 目的;目标 basket n. 篮;筐 the Olympics 奥林匹克运动会look up to 钦佩; hero n. 英雄;男主角pioneer n. 先锋;先驱list v. 列表;列清单n. 名单;清单mention v. 提到;说到accidental adj.意外的；偶然的【重点单词短语过关】读一读 背一背基础夯实It's my pleasure.= My pleasure.我的荣幸think of = think about想想，考虑 have a point有道理take place 发生;出现without doubt 毫无疑问;的确 all of a sudden 突然; 猛地by mistake 错误地;无意中make a mistake 犯错in the end= at last = finally最后 at the same time 同时 divide ... into 把⋯分开by accident 偶然;意外地It is said that... 据说It is believed that ...人们相信fall into = drop into掉进less than 少于more than = over 超过at that time 在那时work on sth 致力于某事be similar to 与...相似【重点单词短语过关】读一读 背一背基础夯实--I think the TV was invented before the car.--When was the telephone invented?--I think it was invented in 1876. --What are they used for?--They’re used for seeing in the dark.--Who was it invented by?--It was invented by Whitcomb Judson.--When was tea brought to Korea?--It was brought to Korea during the 6th and 7th centuries.--What is the hot ice-cream scoop used for?--It’s used for serving really cold ice-cream.--Did you know potato chips were invented by mistake?【单元目标语句回顾】读一读 练一练基础夯实重点词句精讲1. invent 用法 invent v. 发明，名词形式为：invention意为“发明”。inventor意为“发明家”。e.g. Edison invented the light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯泡。【辨析】：discover, invent和find都是动词, 它们的词义相近, 但是有区别:discover意为“发现”, 指发现某种本来存在,但以前未被发现或未为人所知的事物或现象。►The lost bike was discovered at the bus stop. 丢了的自行车发现在公共汽车站那儿。 ►Later I discovered that he was so kind.后来我发现他如此善良。invent 意为“发明”, 指发明以前不存在的东西。Do you know who invented the computer? 你知道谁发明的电脑吗？find 意为“找到, 发现”, 指偶然发现或几乎没有困难地发现。►I found some old photos in that drawer.我在那个抽屉里发现了一些旧照片。重点词句精讲 2. What are they used for? 它们是用来做什么的？①be used for sth. /doing sth.意为“被用来做某事”，表示用途或目的，后接名词或动名词，相当于be used to do sth.►Clothes are used for keeping (= to keep) warm. ►Wood can be used for building (= to build) houses. ②used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”。►I used to smoke when I was young.③use sth. to do sth.意为“使用某物来做某事”，其被动结构为“sth. be used to do sth.”。 ►These knives are used to cut pies.④be used as 意为“被用作……，被作为……使用”。►English is used as a foreign language in China. ⑤be used by 意为“被……使用”。►Rubbers are often used by students to correct mistakes. 重点词句精讲3. — Can you help me think of an invention? — My pleasure!My pleasure也可说成It’s a / my pleasure.或 A pleasure，意思是“我的荣幸；愿为你效劳；这是件愉快的事”。pleasure n. 愉快；高兴►I will remember this meeting with pleasure.我会愉快地记着这次的会晤。►It is a pleasure to work with you. 和你一起工作真是件乐事。 at (one’ s) pleasure 随便►You are free to come and go at your pleasure. 来去自由，悉听尊便。take pleasure in 以某事为乐，喜欢做某事with pleasure 愉快地，高兴地，没问题 重点词句精讲4. Well, you do seem to have a point …(1) you do seem to have a point ...是个强调句，对谓语动词的强调用“助动词do +谓语动词原形”的结构。句子的时态体现在do上。► Do Stay for supper! 一定要留下吃晚饭！►He did come here yesterday. 他昨天的确来这儿了。►Do come to my birthday party. 一定要来我的生日聚会。(2) have a point 有道理►I guess you have a point there. 我想你说的有道理。►Strangely, both of them may have a point.奇怪的是，两个人似乎都有道理。 重点词句精讲5. For example, it mentioned that the zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893. (1) mention 作动词，表示“提到；提及”， 若后接动词，要用动名词，不能用不定式。►Don’t mention this problem this evening. 今晚别提这个问题。►He never mentioned his tall friend to me.►Whenever I mention playing football, he says he’ s too busy.我一提起踢足球，他就说太忙。not to mention意为“更不用说；还不算”。►He can speak French, German and Japanese, not to mention English.他会说法语、德语和日语，更不用说英语。口语中说 Don’t mention it. 主要用来回答感谢，有时也用来回答道歉。►A：Thank you very much. 多谢你了。 B：Don’t mention it. 不客气。►A：I’m sorry to have troubled you. 对不起打扰你了。 B：Don’ t mention it. 没关系。 重点词句精讲6. by accident 意为“偶然；意外地”。在句中作状语，相当于by chance ,其反义词组为on purpose（故意地）。►He got the secret by accident yesterday. 昨天他偶然得知了这个秘密。 ►Many important discoveries were made by accident. 很多重要的发现都是在偶然情况下发生的。7. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.据说有一位叫作神农的中国统治者最早发现了茶可以饮用。(1)It is said that意为“据说……”。其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。 ►It is said that they have found water on Mars.据说他们在火星上发现了水。(2)the first to do sth. 意为“第一个做某事的人”，是“the + 序数词+to do sth.”结构，动词不定式作定语。►Mary is always the first to arrive at the classroom. 玛丽总是第一个到教室。 ►You are the second to ask me that question. 你是第二个向我提出那个问题的人。 重点词句精讲8. fall into 掉进；落入（圈套）；陷入►He fell into the river. 他掉进河里。►The child fell into the lake and had to be pulled out. 小孩落入湖中，必须把他拉上来。【拓展】 与fall相关的短语：fall behind落后 fall down摔倒 fall off掉下 fall asleep入睡9. remain作不及物动词，意为“剩下；停留；逗留”。►A few pears remain on the trees. 树上还留有几个梨。►She remained in her office all afternoon. 她整个下午都待在办公室里。【拓展】remain用作连系动词时，意为“保持；仍是”，后接形容词、名词、动词-ing形式或介词短语作表语。►The room remains cool all summer. 这个房间整个夏天都保持凉爽。►She remained sitting when they came in. 他们进来时，她仍然坐着。重点词句精讲 10. It is believed that…意为“人们认为/相信……”，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。►It is believed that health is above wealth. 人们相信健康重于财富。【拓展】类似的句型还有：It is said that...据说……；It is reported that ...据报道……；It’s known that ...众所周知……；It is supposed/thought that…人们认为……。11. not…until… 直到……才……主句的动词一般是非延续性动词，它所表示的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生。until可作介词，其后接表示时间的名词，也可作连词，引导时间状语从句。例句：►I read until two o’clock. 我看书一直到两点。►You can’t leave until your work is finished.直到你的工作完成你才能离开。重点词句精讲12. less than意为“较少，比……少；不及，不如”。►We got there in less than two hours. 不到2个小时我们就到那儿了。►He sleeps less than seven hours every night. 他每晚的睡眠时间不到7小时。13. take place发生；出现常指有计划、有安排地“发生”，是不及物动词短语，不能接宾语，一般也不用作被动结构。►The meeting will take place in the hall. 会议将在大厅举行。【拓展】take place 和 happen的用法比较。1) take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。►Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years. ►The Olympic Games of 2008 took place in Beijing. 2) happen作“发生、碰巧”解，一般用于偶然或突发性事件。►What happened to you? 你怎么了？►Maybe something unexpected happened.注意：happen 与 take place 通常都没有被动语态。 重点词句精讲14. without doubt 毫无疑问；的确►He is without doubt the cleverest student I've ever taught. 他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的。►Without doubt this is the best.无疑地这是最好的。doubt n. 怀疑；疑惑 v. 怀疑；不信任；构成的短语： in doubt怀疑；拿不定主意no / without / beyond doubt 无疑地；必定；当然make no doubt of 对……毫不怀疑►When he read the letter, his doubts cleared away. 他读了那封信以后，心中的疑虑消除了。►He explained away her doubts. 他通过解释消除了她的怀疑。►His honesty is beyond doubt. 他的诚实毫无疑问 重点词句精讲15.by mistake为介词短语，意为“无意中；错误地”,相当于accidentally。►I missed the school bus by mistake this morning. 今天早上我无意中错过了校车。►I took your pen by mistake. 我错拿了你的钢笔。【拓展】mistake还可以构成短语： make a mistake/make mistakes犯错误； mistake…for… 把……错认成……。►Don’t make mistakes any more. 别再出错了。►I mistook her for our English teacher. 我把她错认成我们的英语老师了。重点词句精讲16.The customer thought the potatoes were not thin enough. 顾客认为土豆不够薄。enough可以修饰名词时，也可以修饰形容词、副词 ►There isn’t enough food in the dinning hall.餐厅里的食物不太够。 ►He wrote carefully enough to get the award of the competition.enough常可以和词组so-that，too-to转换。►He didn’t run fast enough to catch up with the others.►He ran so slowly that he couldn’t catch up with the others.►He ran too slowly to catch up with the others. 17.The customer was happy in the end. 顾客最终高兴了。(1) in the end 后来，最后，终于，at the end of ... 在……末 by the end of ... 到……末为止►At the end of this month we’ll have a meeting.这个月月末我们将会开个会。 ►By the end of last year we’ve made ten planes.到去年末为止我们已经做了十架飞机了。(2) in the end 用一个单词表达可以是finally用一个短语表达可以用at last 。 He won in the end. 最后他赢了。 He won finally. 最后他赢了。 He won at last. 最后他赢了。重点词句精讲18. Basketball was invented by a Canadian doctor named James Naismith, who was born in 1861.篮球是由加拿大一位名叫詹姆斯·奈史密斯的博士发明的。他出生于1861年。这是一个主从复合句定语从句 who was born in 1861 修饰 先行词 James Naismith。另外，过去分词短语named James Naismith 作后置定语，修饰 doctor。19. At the same time, they need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.同时，他们需要阻止对方的球队抢到球投进他们自己的篮框里。stop sb. from doing slh.意为“阻止某人做某事” 相当于 prevent sb. from doing sth.，在主动语态中，两者中的from均可省略，但在被动语态中不可省略。►No one can stop us (from) carrying the plan.►The water must be prevented from being polluted by us. 我们必须保护水不受污染。重点词句精讲20. Today, the popularity of basketball has risen around the world, with many young people dreaming of becoming famous players.(1) popularity名词，意为“受欢迎；普及；流行”，其形容词形式popular意为“受欢迎的”。(2) rise不及物动词，意为“增加；提高攀升；升起；站起来”。其过去式、过去分词分别为 rose 和 risen。►The sun rises in the east and sets west. 太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。 raise意为“举起，提高，抚养”，是及物动词。(3)句中“with +宾语+现在分词”构成的复合结构在句中作伴随状语。► With winter coming on, it’s time to buy warm clothes.冬天来了，是时候买保暖的衣服了。重点词句精讲“with十宾语+宾语补足语”构成with的复合结构，宾语补足语除了可以是现在分词外，还可以是介词短语、形容词、副词等。►He came in with a smile on his face.他面带微笑走了进来。►Anderson left his house with the lights on. 安德森开着灯离开了家。(4) dream of : 梦想；想象. ►They dream of going to college. 他们梦想去上大学。拓展：dream的用法① dream作及物动词时，后接名词、代词或that从句作宾语。►He dreamed a sweet dream. 他做了一个美梦。② dream作可数名词，意为“梦；梦想”。►His dream will come true next year. 他的梦想明年将会实现。重点词句精讲21. Many young people look up to these basketball heroes and want to become like them. 许多年轻人崇拜这些篮球英雄，并且想成为像他们那样的人。(1) look up to意为“钦佩；仰慕”。►We all look up to the learned and modest professor. 我们都很尊敬那位博学而又谦逊的教授。 look up to还可意为“抬头看；仰望”。►He looked up to the sky and seemed to be thinking.他抬头望向天空，好像在思考着什么。 (2) hero可数名词，意为“英雄；男主角”，其复数形式为在词尾加-es。【拓展】其他常见以o结尾家-es变复数的名词Negro —Negroes (黑人） potato — potatoes (土豆） tomato —tomatoes (西红柿) 重点词句精讲22.These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams.这些明星激励着年轻人为实现他们的梦想而努力奋斗。encourage动词，意为“鼓励；激励；支 持”，常用结构：encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”。 Parents should encourage children to do things by themselves. 父母应该鼓励孩子独立做事。【辨析】achieve与come trueachieve“实现；完成”，主语通常是人。come true“实现”，主语通常是梦想等。►I believe I can achieve my dream.我相信我能实现我的梦想。►I hope my dream will come true.我希望我的梦想会实现。语法知识精讲1. 被动语态一般现在时的被动语态:am / are / is (not)+动词的过去分词一般过去时的被动语态:was / were(not) +动词的过去分词疑问句形式：一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+及物动词的过去分词（+by …)? 特殊疑问：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+及物动词的过去分词（ +by...)?Many people speak English. (主动语态) English is spoken by many people.(被动语态)The naughty boy broke the window yesterday. (主动语态)The window was broken ( by the naughty boy) yesterday.(被动语态)语法知识精讲2. 一般过去时的被动语态的基本用法(1)表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作，且句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者The house was built in 1990.这所房子建于1990年。(2)讲述发生在过去的动作，且不知道动作的执行者He was honored with the name “ Father of Hybrid Rice”.他被授予“杂交水稻之父”的称号3. 含双宾语和复合宾语的主动句变为被动语态的方法①含有双宾语的主动句变为被动语态时，通常把指 “人”的间接宾语变为主语，而指“物”的直接宾语则不变。►He gave me a book yesterday.语法知识精讲②如果要把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语，则在间接宾语前加to或for。►I brought him some food. Some food was brought to him (by me).③含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动语态时，要将其中的宾语变成主语，宾语补足语不变。►Jim asked Tom to go for a walk. Tom was asked (by Jim) to go for a walk.④ 如果宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式，主动语态变成被动语态时要加上不定式符号 to。►We often heard Kate sing in the room. Kate was often heard to sing in the room (by us).实战演练一、单项选择题1. Paper ____first _____ about two thousand years ago in China by Cai Lun. A. is; inventing B. is; invented C. has; invented D. was; invented2. ——Why did you like Maggie? ——Because she takes ___ part in all of the____. A. an active; action B. actively; activities C. an active; activities3. ____ is believed that her ____ mother will come here. A. This; very-loved B. It; much-loved C. That; much-loved 4. I didn’t pass the physics exam last month. ________, how do you study for a physics test? A. By accident B. By mistake C. By the way D. By the timeBCDC实战演练一、单项选择题5. There is no ____ that phones play an important role in the modern life. A. question B. problem C. answer D. doubt6. Great changes _______ in Tongren in the past five years. A. have happened B. have taken place C. have been happened D. have been taken place 7.English is widely used _______ many people around the world _______ a second language. A. by; for B. by; as C. as; for D. for; as8. —Thank you for taking me around your school, Daming. —________ A. Don’t mention it. B. Never mind. C. Of course not. D. No problem.BDBA实战演练二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Now computers are widely used in our _________ (day) lives.2. He mentioned __________ (hear) from her often.3.The soup is very ________ (salt) because my mother put lots of ________ (salt) on it.4. Since then, the ___________ ( popular ) of basketball has risen quickly.5. I have worked here for __________(near) two years.dailyhearingsaltysaltpopularitynearly实战演练三、根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。 1. 在200多个国家中，超过一亿人打(篮球)，包括中国。 ___ ___ _______ by ______ _______ 100 million people in over 200 countries including China. 2. 篮球是由加拿大一位叫詹姆斯·奈史密斯的博士发明的。 Basketball ____ __________ _____ a Canadian doctor named James Naismith. 3. 人们认为，历史上的首次篮球赛是在1891年12月21日举行的。 ____ ___ ________ that on December 21st, 1891, the first basketball game in history was played. 4. 从那时起，篮球在世界各地的普及程度得到提升。 Since then, the popularity of basketball _____ _______ worldwide. 实战演练四、句型转换。1. The personal computer was invented in 1976. (对划线部分提问) _________ _______the personal computer _________? 2. The shoes with lights were invented by Julie Thompson. (对划线部分提问) ________ _______the shoes with lights _________ ___? 3. Knives are used for cutting things. (对划线部分提问) _______ _______ knives _______ _______? 4. A Chinese named Cai Lun invented paper. (改为被动语态)Paper _______ _________ ___ a Chinese named Cai Lun.实战演练That's all.Thank you!
人教版英语九年级单元重点知识复习课件Unit 6 When was it invented? .heel n. 鞋跟;足跟electricity n. 电;电能scoop n. 勺; 铲子style n. 样式; 款式project n. 项目;工程pleasure n. 高兴;愉快zipper n. (= zip) 拉链;拉锁daily adj. 每日的;日常的website n. 网站translate v. 翻译 基础夯实nearly adv. 几乎;差不多ruler n. 统治者，支配着boil v. 煮沸;烧开remain v.保持不变；剩余smell n. 气味v. 发出气味;闻到saint n. 圣人;圣徒doubt n. 疑惑;疑问 v. 怀疑fridge n. 冰箱 lock v. 锁上;锁住earthquake n. 地震【重点单词短语过关】读一读 背一背sudden adj. 突然(的)biscuit n. 饼干 cookie n. 曲奇饼干 instrument n. 器械; 仪器;工具crispy adj. 脆的;酥脆的 sour adj. 酸的;有酸味的 customer n. 顾客;客户 Canadian adj. /n .加拿大/人的 divide v. 分开;分散 purpose n. 目的;目标 basket n. 篮;筐 the Olympics 奥林匹克运动会look up to 钦佩; hero n. 英雄;男主角pioneer n. 先锋;先驱list v. 列表;列清单n. 名单;清单mention v. 提到;说到accidental adj.意外的；偶然的【重点单词短语过关】读一读 背一背基础夯实It's my pleasure.= My pleasure.我的荣幸think of = think about想想，考虑 have a point有道理take place 发生;出现without doubt 毫无疑问;的确 all of a sudden 突然; 猛地by mistake 错误地;无意中make a mistake 犯错in the end= at last = finally最后 at the same time 同时 divide ... into 把⋯分开by accident 偶然;意外地It is said that... 据说It is believed that ...人们相信fall into = drop into掉进less than 少于more than = over 超过at that time 在那时work on sth 致力于某事be similar to 与...相似【重点单词短语过关】读一读 背一背基础夯实--I think the TV was invented before the car.--When was the telephone invented?--I think it was invented in 1876. --What are they used for?--They’re used for seeing in the dark.--Who was it invented by?--It was invented by Whitcomb Judson.--When was tea brought to Korea?--It was brought to Korea during the 6th and 7th centuries.--What is the hot ice-cream scoop used for?--It’s used for serving really cold ice-cream.--Did you know potato chips were invented by mistake?【单元目标语句回顾】读一读 练一练基础夯实重点词句精讲1. invent 用法 invent v. 发明，名词形式为：invention意为“发明”。inventor意为“发明家”。e.g. Edison invented the light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯泡。【辨析】：discover, invent和find都是动词, 它们的词义相近, 但是有区别:discover意为“发现”, 指发现某种本来存在,但以前未被发现或未为人所知的事物或现象。►The lost bike was discovered at the bus stop. 丢了的自行车发现在公共汽车站那儿。 ►Later I discovered that he was so kind.后来我发现他如此善良。invent 意为“发明”, 指发明以前不存在的东西。Do you know who invented the computer? 你知道谁发明的电脑吗？find 意为“找到, 发现”, 指偶然发现或几乎没有困难地发现。►I found some old photos in that drawer.我在那个抽屉里发现了一些旧照片。重点词句精讲 2. What are they used for? 它们是用来做什么的？①be used for sth. /doing sth.意为“被用来做某事”，表示用途或目的，后接名词或动名词，相当于be used to do sth.►Clothes are used for keeping (= to keep) warm. ►Wood can be used for building (= to build) houses. ②used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”。►I used to smoke when I was young.③use sth. to do sth.意为“使用某物来做某事”，其被动结构为“sth. be used to do sth.”。 ►These knives are used to cut pies.④be used as 意为“被用作……，被作为……使用”。►English is used as a foreign language in China. ⑤be used by 意为“被……使用”。►Rubbers are often used by students to correct mistakes. 重点词句精讲3. — Can you help me think of an invention? — My pleasure!My pleasure也可说成It’s a / my pleasure.或 A pleasure，意思是“我的荣幸；愿为你效劳；这是件愉快的事”。pleasure n. 愉快；高兴►I will remember this meeting with pleasure.我会愉快地记着这次的会晤。►It is a pleasure to work with you. 和你一起工作真是件乐事。 at (one’ s) pleasure 随便►You are free to come and go at your pleasure. 来去自由，悉听尊便。take pleasure in 以某事为乐，喜欢做某事with pleasure 愉快地，高兴地，没问题 重点词句精讲4. Well, you do seem to have a point …(1) you do seem to have a point ...是个强调句，对谓语动词的强调用“助动词do +谓语动词原形”的结构。句子的时态体现在do上。► Do Stay for supper! 一定要留下吃晚饭！►He did come here yesterday. 他昨天的确来这儿了。►Do come to my birthday party. 一定要来我的生日聚会。(2) have a point 有道理►I guess you have a point there. 我想你说的有道理。►Strangely, both of them may have a point.奇怪的是，两个人似乎都有道理。 重点词句精讲5. For example, it mentioned that the zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893. (1) mention 作动词，表示“提到；提及”， 若后接动词，要用动名词，不能用不定式。►Don’t mention this problem this evening. 今晚别提这个问题。►He never mentioned his tall friend to me.►Whenever I mention playing football, he says he’ s too busy.我一提起踢足球，他就说太忙。not to mention意为“更不用说；还不算”。►He can speak French, German and Japanese, not to mention English.他会说法语、德语和日语，更不用说英语。口语中说 Don’t mention it. 主要用来回答感谢，有时也用来回答道歉。►A：Thank you very much. 多谢你了。 B：Don’t mention it. 不客气。►A：I’m sorry to have troubled you. 对不起打扰你了。 B：Don’ t mention it. 没关系。 重点词句精讲6. by accident 意为“偶然；意外地”。在句中作状语，相当于by chance ,其反义词组为on purpose（故意地）。►He got the secret by accident yesterday. 昨天他偶然得知了这个秘密。 ►Many important discoveries were made by accident. 很多重要的发现都是在偶然情况下发生的。7. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.据说有一位叫作神农的中国统治者最早发现了茶可以饮用。(1)It is said that意为“据说……”。其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。 ►It is said that they have found water on Mars.据说他们在火星上发现了水。(2)the first to do sth. 意为“第一个做某事的人”，是“the + 序数词+to do sth.”结构，动词不定式作定语。►Mary is always the first to arrive at the classroom. 玛丽总是第一个到教室。 ►You are the second to ask me that question. 你是第二个向我提出那个问题的人。 重点词句精讲8. fall into 掉进；落入（圈套）；陷入►He fell into the river. 他掉进河里。►The child fell into the lake and had to be pulled out. 小孩落入湖中，必须把他拉上来。【拓展】 与fall相关的短语：fall behind落后 fall down摔倒 fall off掉下 fall asleep入睡9. remain作不及物动词，意为“剩下；停留；逗留”。►A few pears remain on the trees. 树上还留有几个梨。►She remained in her office all afternoon. 她整个下午都待在办公室里。【拓展】remain用作连系动词时，意为“保持；仍是”，后接形容词、名词、动词-ing形式或介词短语作表语。►The room remains cool all summer. 这个房间整个夏天都保持凉爽。►She remained sitting when they came in. 他们进来时，她仍然坐着。重点词句精讲 10. It is believed that…意为“人们认为/相信……”，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。►It is believed that health is above wealth. 人们相信健康重于财富。【拓展】类似的句型还有：It is said that...据说……；It is reported that ...据报道……；It’s known that ...众所周知……；It is supposed/thought that…人们认为……。11. not…until… 直到……才……主句的动词一般是非延续性动词，它所表示的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生。until可作介词，其后接表示时间的名词，也可作连词，引导时间状语从句。例句：►I read until two o’clock. 我看书一直到两点。►You can’t leave until your work is finished.直到你的工作完成你才能离开。重点词句精讲12. less than意为“较少，比……少；不及，不如”。►We got there in less than two hours. 不到2个小时我们就到那儿了。►He sleeps less than seven hours every night. 他每晚的睡眠时间不到7小时。13. take place发生；出现常指有计划、有安排地“发生”，是不及物动词短语，不能接宾语，一般也不用作被动结构。►The meeting will take place in the hall. 会议将在大厅举行。【拓展】take place 和 happen的用法比较。1) take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。►Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years. ►The Olympic Games of 2008 took place in Beijing. 2) happen作“发生、碰巧”解，一般用于偶然或突发性事件。►What happened to you? 你怎么了？►Maybe something unexpected happened.注意：happen 与 take place 通常都没有被动语态。 重点词句精讲14. without doubt 毫无疑问；的确►He is without doubt the cleverest student I've ever taught. 他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的。►Without doubt this is the best.无疑地这是最好的。doubt n. 怀疑；疑惑 v. 怀疑；不信任；构成的短语： in doubt怀疑；拿不定主意no / without / beyond doubt 无疑地；必定；当然make no doubt of 对……毫不怀疑►When he read the letter, his doubts cleared away. 他读了那封信以后，心中的疑虑消除了。►He explained away her doubts. 他通过解释消除了她的怀疑。►His honesty is beyond doubt. 他的诚实毫无疑问 重点词句精讲15.by mistake为介词短语，意为“无意中；错误地”,相当于accidentally。►I missed the school bus by mistake this morning. 今天早上我无意中错过了校车。►I took your pen by mistake. 我错拿了你的钢笔。【拓展】mistake还可以构成短语： make a mistake/make mistakes犯错误； mistake…for… 把……错认成……。►Don’t make mistakes any more. 别再出错了。►I mistook her for our English teacher. 我把她错认成我们的英语老师了。重点词句精讲16.The customer thought the potatoes were not thin enough. 顾客认为土豆不够薄。enough可以修饰名词时，也可以修饰形容词、副词 ►There isn’t enough food in the dinning hall.餐厅里的食物不太够。 ►He wrote carefully enough to get the award of the competition.enough常可以和词组so-that，too-to转换。►He didn’t run fast enough to catch up with the others.►He ran so slowly that he couldn’t catch up with the others.►He ran too slowly to catch up with the others. 17.The customer was happy in the end. 顾客最终高兴了。(1) in the end 后来，最后，终于，at the end of ... 在……末 by the end of ... 到……末为止►At the end of this month we’ll have a meeting.这个月月末我们将会开个会。 ►By the end of last year we’ve made ten planes.到去年末为止我们已经做了十架飞机了。(2) in the end 用一个单词表达可以是finally用一个短语表达可以用at last 。 He won in the end. 最后他赢了。 He won finally. 最后他赢了。 He won at last. 最后他赢了。重点词句精讲18. Basketball was invented by a Canadian doctor named James Naismith, who was born in 1861.篮球是由加拿大一位名叫詹姆斯·奈史密斯的博士发明的。他出生于1861年。这是一个主从复合句定语从句 who was born in 1861 修饰 先行词 James Naismith。另外，过去分词短语named James Naismith 作后置定语，修饰 doctor。19. At the same time, they need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.同时，他们需要阻止对方的球队抢到球投进他们自己的篮框里。stop sb. from doing slh.意为“阻止某人做某事” 相当于 prevent sb. from doing sth.，在主动语态中，两者中的from均可省略，但在被动语态中不可省略。►No one can stop us (from) carrying the plan.►The water must be prevented from being polluted by us. 我们必须保护水不受污染。重点词句精讲20. Today, the popularity of basketball has risen around the world, with many young people dreaming of becoming famous players.(1) popularity名词，意为“受欢迎；普及；流行”，其形容词形式popular意为“受欢迎的”。(2) rise不及物动词，意为“增加；提高攀升；升起；站起来”。其过去式、过去分词分别为 rose 和 risen。►The sun rises in the east and sets west. 太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。 raise意为“举起，提高，抚养”，是及物动词。(3)句中“with +宾语+现在分词”构成的复合结构在句中作伴随状语。► With winter coming on, it’s time to buy warm clothes.冬天来了，是时候买保暖的衣服了。重点词句精讲“with十宾语+宾语补足语”构成with的复合结构，宾语补足语除了可以是现在分词外，还可以是介词短语、形容词、副词等。►He came in with a smile on his face.他面带微笑走了进来。►Anderson left his house with the lights on. 安德森开着灯离开了家。(4) dream of : 梦想；想象. ►They dream of going to college. 他们梦想去上大学。拓展：dream的用法① dream作及物动词时，后接名词、代词或that从句作宾语。►He dreamed a sweet dream. 他做了一个美梦。② dream作可数名词，意为“梦；梦想”。►His dream will come true next year. 他的梦想明年将会实现。重点词句精讲21. Many young people look up to these basketball heroes and want to become like them. 许多年轻人崇拜这些篮球英雄，并且想成为像他们那样的人。(1) look up to意为“钦佩；仰慕”。►We all look up to the learned and modest professor. 我们都很尊敬那位博学而又谦逊的教授。 look up to还可意为“抬头看；仰望”。►He looked up to the sky and seemed to be thinking.他抬头望向天空，好像在思考着什么。 (2) hero可数名词，意为“英雄；男主角”，其复数形式为在词尾加-es。【拓展】其他常见以o结尾家-es变复数的名词Negro —Negroes (黑人） potato — potatoes (土豆） tomato —tomatoes (西红柿) 重点词句精讲22.These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams.这些明星激励着年轻人为实现他们的梦想而努力奋斗。encourage动词，意为“鼓励；激励；支 持”，常用结构：encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”。 Parents should encourage children to do things by themselves. 父母应该鼓励孩子独立做事。【辨析】achieve与come trueachieve“实现；完成”，主语通常是人。come true“实现”，主语通常是梦想等。►I believe I can achieve my dream.我相信我能实现我的梦想。►I hope my dream will come true.我希望我的梦想会实现。语法知识精讲1. 被动语态一般现在时的被动语态:am / are / is (not)+动词的过去分词一般过去时的被动语态:was / were(not) +动词的过去分词疑问句形式：一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+及物动词的过去分词（+by …)? 特殊疑问：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+及物动词的过去分词（ +by...)?Many people speak English. (主动语态) English is spoken by many people.(被动语态)The naughty boy broke the window yesterday. (主动语态)The window was broken ( by the naughty boy) yesterday.(被动语态)语法知识精讲2. 一般过去时的被动语态的基本用法(1)表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作，且句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者The house was built in 1990.这所房子建于1990年。(2)讲述发生在过去的动作，且不知道动作的执行者He was honored with the name “ Father of Hybrid Rice”.他被授予“杂交水稻之父”的称号3. 含双宾语和复合宾语的主动句变为被动语态的方法①含有双宾语的主动句变为被动语态时，通常把指 “人”的间接宾语变为主语，而指“物”的直接宾语则不变。►He gave me a book yesterday.语法知识精讲②如果要把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语，则在间接宾语前加to或for。►I brought him some food. Some food was brought to him (by me).③含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动语态时，要将其中的宾语变成主语，宾语补足语不变。►Jim asked Tom to go for a walk. Tom was asked (by Jim) to go for a walk.④ 如果宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式，主动语态变成被动语态时要加上不定式符号 to。►We often heard Kate sing in the room. Kate was often heard to sing in the room (by us).实战演练一、单项选择题1. Paper ____first _____ about two thousand years ago in China by Cai Lun. A. is; inventing B. is; invented C. has; invented D. was; invented2. ——Why did you like Maggie? ——Because she takes ___ part in all of the____. A. an active; action B. actively; activities C. an active; activities3. ____ is believed that her ____ mother will come here. A. This; very-loved B. It; much-loved C. That; much-loved 4. I didn’t pass the physics exam last month. ________, how do you study for a physics test? A. By accident B. By mistake C. By the way D. By the timeBCDC实战演练一、单项选择题5. There is no ____ that phones play an important role in the modern life. A. question B. problem C. answer D. doubt6. Great changes _______ in Tongren in the past five years. A. have happened B. have taken place C. have been happened D. have been taken place 7.English is widely used _______ many people around the world _______ a second language. A. by; for B. by; as C. as; for D. for; as8. —Thank you for taking me around your school, Daming. —________ A. Don’t mention it. B. Never mind. C. Of course not. D. No problem.BDBA实战演练二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Now computers are widely used in our _________ (day) lives.2. He mentioned __________ (hear) from her often.3.The soup is very ________ (salt) because my mother put lots of ________ (salt) on it.4. Since then, the ___________ ( popular ) of basketball has risen quickly.5. I have worked here for __________(near) two years.dailyhearingsaltysaltpopularitynearly实战演练三、根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。 1. 在200多个国家中，超过一亿人打(篮球)，包括中国。 ___ ___ _______ by ______ _______ 100 million people in over 200 countries including China. 2. 篮球是由加拿大一位叫詹姆斯·奈史密斯的博士发明的。 Basketball ____ __________ _____ a Canadian doctor named James Naismith. 3. 人们认为，历史上的首次篮球赛是在1891年12月21日举行的。 ____ ___ ________ that on December 21st, 1891, the first basketball game in history was played. 4. 从那时起，篮球在世界各地的普及程度得到提升。 Since then, the popularity of basketball _____ _______ worldwide. 实战演练四、句型转换。1. The personal computer was invented in 1976. (对划线部分提问) _________ _______the personal computer _________? 2. The shoes with lights were invented by Julie Thompson. (对划线部分提问) ________ _______the shoes with lights _________ ___? 3. Knives are used for cutting things. (对划线部分提问) _______ _______ knives _______ _______? 4. A Chinese named Cai Lun invented paper. (改为被动语态)Paper _______ _________ ___ a Chinese named Cai Lun.实战演练That's all.Thank you!
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