上海市宝山区2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次区统考英语试卷（含答案）

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2022-2023学年上海市宝山区高三上学期教学适应性练习英语试卷（本试卷满分140分，考试时间120分钟） I. Listening Comprehension略 II. Grammar and VocabularySection A                                              Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. While the practice of mindfulness has become increasingly popular, its roots can be traced back thousands of years to Buddhism (佛教). One of the people often    21    (think) to bring mindfulness to the West is Jon Kabat-Zinn, who developed an eight-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program and founded    22    is now the Center for Mindfulness at the University of Massachusetts Medical School in 1979. Kabat-Zinn mixed Buddhist ideas about mindfulness with science, making it more accessible to    23    in the West. Soon, mindfulness made its way into clinical settings and has been successful in treating health issues    24    anxiety and depression. A large quantity of studies    25    (focus) on the ability of mindfulness meditation over the past few years. For example, in a 2003 study of cancer patients, increased mindfulness was shown to effectively reduce stress and anxiety. Given the way    26    mindfulness can decrease stress, it comes as no surprise that it can also help deal with emotional problems. Another study indicates mindfulness may also improve working memory. Jha and colleagues investigated its impact on military participants during a stressful time,    27    stress has been shown to decrease working memory. One group attended an eight-week mindfulness meditation course but the others did not. Working memory decreased in the control group; however, in the mindfulness group, working memory decreased in those who spent the least time on mindfulness meditation but increased in those who spent most of their free time    28    (practise) mindfulness meditation. Clearly, mindfulness has many benefits, but it’s not a cure-all. For example, one study found that following mindfulness meditation, participants were   29   (likely) to form accurate memories. It may even result in severe anxiety for those PTSD (创伤后应激障碍) patients who tend    30    (avoid) thoughts and feelings related to their sad past.  Section B    Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.A.aboard   B. alarmed  C. eventually   D. apparently  E. houses   F. launching G. leading   H. missions  I. rush    J. speedy      K. split The history of space exploration in China stretches back to 900 A.D., when innovators in the country pioneered the first simple rockets. The China National Space Administration (CNSA) sent the first Chinese astronaut into space in 2003. Today, China is a(n)   31   player in the worldwide space exploration effort. In the mid-20th century, China watched as the U.S. and Soviet Union began their   32   to become the first nation on the moon. Both the U.S. and the Soviet Union demonstrated progress towards putting weapons into orbit, which naturally   33   China and other countries. In response to these concerns, China began to pursue space travel in the late 1950s. At first, China had a joint cooperation agreement with the Soviet Union and later China began to chart its own path to space,   34   its first rockets in September 1960.  Starting in the late 1960s, China began working on space vehicle capable of carrying humans into space. However, the process was not a(n)   35   one. In 1988, China created the Ministry of Aerospace Industry. After a few years, the ministry was   36   up to establish the China National Space Administration and the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. The first Chinese astronaut to travel to space, Yang Liwei, was sent by the CNSA. In 2003, he rode to orbit   37   a Shenzhou 5 capsule on top of a Long March family rocket. The flight was short – just 21 hours long – but it granted China title of the third country to ever send a human into space and safely return them to Earth. Today, China’s space program is aimed at   38   sending astronauts to the Moon and beyond. In addition to those types of launches, China has built two space stations: Tiangong 1 and Tiangong 2. Tiangong 1 has been de-orbited, but the second station, Tiangong 2, is still in use and currently   39   a variety of science experiments. A third Chinese space station is planned for launch in the early 2020s. If all goes as planned, the new space station will bring astronauts to orbit for long-term   40   in research stations.  III. Reading ComprehensionSection A   Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The market is ruled by supply and demand, and as a consumer you can have a huge impact on the   41   side of the equation (等式). If all of us make individual changes in what we buy and use, it can   42   up to a lot. But reducing your own carbon emissions isn’t the most powerful thing you can do. You can also send a signal to the market that people are   43   to pay for zero-carbon alternatives. When you pay more for an electric car, a heat pump, or a plant-based burger, you’re saying, “There’s a market for this stuff. We’ll buy it.” If enough people send the same   44  , companies will respond — in my experience, quite   45  . They’ll put more money and time into making low-emissions products, which will   46   the prices of those products. It will make investors more confident about funding new companies that are making the   47  . Without that demand signal, the innovations that governments and businesses invest in will stay on the   48  . Or they won’t get developed in the first place, because there’s no   49   incentive (刺激) to make them.Here are some specific steps you can take:Reduce your home’s emissions. Depending on how much money and time you can spare, you can   50   your incandescent lightbulbs (白炽灯泡) with LEDs, insulate (使隔热) your win­dows, or replace your heating and cooling system with a heat   51  . Buy an electric vehicle. Although EVs are not suitable for lots of long-distance road trips, and   52   at home isn’t convenient for everyone, they’re becoming more affordable. This is one of the places where consumer behavior can have a huge impact: If people buy lots of them, companies will make lots of them.  53   a plant-based burger. I’ll admit vegetarian burgers haven’t always tasted   54  , but the new generation of plant-based protein alternatives is closer to the taste of meat than before. Buying these products sends a message that making them is a wise investment.   55  , eating a meat substitute just once or twice a week will cut down on the emissions you’re responsible for.  A. market   B. consumption  C. supply   D. demandA. look    B. take    C. add     D. liveA. agreeable   B. indifferent  C. reluctant   D. willingA. data    B. signal   C. word    D. requestA. quickly   B. easily    C. steadily   D. neutrallyA. push up   B. drive down  C. check out   D. settle downA. breakthroughs  B. conclusions  C. calculations  D. consequencesA. office   B. field    C. trade    D. shelfA. possible    B. alternative  C. economic   D. efficientA. purchase   B. recycle   C. abandon   D. replaceA. bin    B. pump    C. oven    D. coolerA. transporting  B. manufacturing  C. maintaining  D. chargingA. Improve   B. Search   C. Try    D. ProhibitA. great    B. terrible   C. strange   D. originalA. In brief   B. For example  C. In addition  D. By comparisonSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In 1823, a young woman noticed a strange fossil on a beach near Lyme Regis, England. She dug out the bones and had them carried to her home. She carefully arranged the skeleton on a table. Then she saw something extraordinary. The creature’s neck was a meter long — more than half the length of its body. It was unlike any animal living on Earth.Even at a young age, Mary Anning had a talent for spotting unusual or curious fossils. Her father died in 1810, leaving her family in debt, so Mary began selling her fossils to collectors. A year later, aged just 12, she made her first major discovery — a crocodile-like skull with a long skeleton. It turned out to be a sea creature that lived long ago. Named ichthyosaur, or “fish-lizard”, it was the first extinct animal known to science.Fossil hunting brought in money, but it was a dangerous occupation. One day, a rock fall killed her dog and almost buried Mary. Despite the dangers, she continued to look for new finds. The long-necked fossil she uncovered in 1823 was another long-dead sea reptile (爬行动物). Known as a plesiosaur, it would inspire legends — including that of the Loch Ness Monster. Five years later, she found a fossil with wing bones and a long tail. It was one of the first examples of a pterosaur — a flying creature that disappeared millions of years ago.Mary was not only a skilled fossil hunter; she also carefully examined and recorded her finds. However, she received little credit from other scientists. Only one of her scientific writings was published in her lifetime, in 1839. She was also not allowed to join London’s Geological Society, as only men could become members.Mary Anning died in 1847, but her contributions have not been forgotten. Her finds are now displayed in museums in London and Paris. The beach near her home is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, known as the Jurassic Coast. Her life continues to inspire visitors hoping to find their own fossil wonders. According to Britain’s Natural History Museum, Mary Anning was “the greatest fossil hunter the world has ever known”. She was also a scientist who changed the way we think about life on Earth.Why did Mary Anning start selling fossils?A. To establish her name as a scientist.   B. To raise public interest in her articles.C. To gain money to start a museum.   D. To earn money to support her family.Which of the following is true about Mary Anning?A. She published several scientific articles in her lifetime.B. She was nearly killed by a rock fall near the beach.C. She was a member of the London Geological Society.D. The beach near her home is named after her.What is true about the pterosaur find?A. It looked similar to the Loch Ness Monster. B. It was the first discovery of an extinct animal.C. It showed that some extinct creatures had wings.D. It demonstrated that Mary Anning was an expert in fossil finds.What would be the proper title for the passage?A. Long-Necked Creatures from the Past  B. The World’s Greatest Fossil HunterC. The Discovery of the First Pterosaur   D. Treasure of Fossils (B)Friendship, like any other relationship, needs to be nurtured (培育). To develop a good friendship, you need to be committed, and a word of gratitude goes a long way toward sealing bonds. Thank your friends for being there for you or helping you rediscover yourself. On Friendship Day, reach out to your friends in every corner of the world. Use these thank-you quotes for friends in cards and messages.         John Leonard“It takes a long time to grow an old friend.”        Henry David Thoreau“The language of friendship is not words, but meanings.”        Richard Bach“Every gift from a friend is a wish for your happiness."         Euripides“Friends show their love in times of trouble, not in happiness.”        Lucius Annaeus Seneca“One of the most beautiful qualities of true friendship is to understand and to be understood.”        Oprah Winfrey “Lots of people want to ride with you in the limo (豪华轿车), but what you want is someone who will take the bus with you when the limo breaks down.”         Ralph Waldo Emerson“The glory of friendship is not the outstretched hand, nor the kindly smile, nor the joy of companionship; it is the spiritual inspiration that comes to one when he discovers that someone else believes in him and is willing to trust him.”        Baltasar Gracián“True friendship multiplies the good in life and divides its evils. Strive to have friends, for life without friends is like life on a desert island ... To find one real friend in a lifetime is good fortune; to keep him is a blessing.”        Albert Schweitzer “In everyone’s life, at some time, our inner fire goes out. It is then burst into flame by an encounter with another person. We should all be thankful for those people who rekindle (重新点燃) the inner spirit.”  Expressing your gratitude to your friends may help _____________.A. rediscover yourself     B. commit yourself to something newC. promote friendship     D. display your sincerityWhich person shares the same idea with Oprah Winfrey in terms of friendship?A. John Leonard.      B. Euripides.  C. Ralph Waldo Emerson.    D. Albert Schweitzer. ___________ compares life without friends to one on a lonely island.A. Richard Bach      B. Ralph Waldo Emerson C. Baltasar Gracián      D. Albert Schweitzer (C)If you are a parent of young children who browses parenting websites, you will at some point be invited, through targeted advertising, to enrol your child in a Global Maths Skill Assessment — “to see how they compare to peers globally”. You may be urged to consider the possibility — no, probability — that they are “gifted” in some way, if not in maths, then in music or art. It’s window-dressing (门面粉饰) for subscription (订阅) services, but the other day, a line caught my eye that I haven’t been able to forget. “Talent isn’t everything; the important thing is to teach your child to be kind.”This positioning of “kindness” as the opposite of “talent” is common once you start looking for it. Kindness is, everywhere: the consolation (安慰) prize, the award for perfect attendance. A few years ago, none of this would have struck me as noteworthy. I believed a tendency towards kindness wasn’t something we were born with, but instead something entirely reliant on cultivation. These days I wonder about that, and about our determination to see it that way.It brings us to the problem of kindness; not only the fact that, in plenty of settings, it can be a code for weakness or neediness, but the fact that the word itself has been emptied out through misuse. Real kindness is not this. Kindness, I try to tell my children, is strength. My child who is always kind to others is frequently confused by the unfriendliness of others, at which point I have to bite my tongue. “Jessica was rude to you because she’s silly” is not what I’m going to teach my seven-year-old. Can you teach someone to be kind? Of course, but also only sort of, not entirely. You can discipline them with reason and rewards in the same way you can send them to piano every week and eventually they’ll learn to play Twinkle Twinkle. The fact remains that some people are kinder than others not as a result of external forces but from some inborn ability. The ancient Greek storyteller Aesop said, “No act of kindness, no matter how small, is ever wasted.” Two thousand years later, it remains a hard sell.Parenting websites often make use of various assessments of children’s talent to __________.A. increase the click-through rate     B. promote their targeted trainingC. remind parents of their children’s talent  D. have parents subscribe their servicesIn the second paragraph, the writer mentions “the consolation prize” to show __________.A. kindness is viewed as the opposite of talentB. consolation prize is a kind gesture that should be promotedC. kind deeds are no easy to findD. kindness deserves to be noticed in the contemporary societyWhat does the underlined phrase “bite my tongue” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Say nothing.       B. Let out my anger.C. Harm oneself accidentally.     D. Explain something in pain.According to the passage, which of the following statements does the writer most probably agree with?A. Every child is talented, either in maths, music, art or kindness.B. Kindness is your strength to talk back when offended.C. Kindness is not something that can be easily taught.D. Teaching can bring about children’s tendency towards kindness.Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.A.The success of the Hubble has depended on teams of engineers, technicians, scientists, and astronauts working together on high performance challenges for the cause.  B.Soon, it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.C.Not knowing what the stars were, people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky.D.To see even further into the universe, many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes.E.So much of the Milky Way remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.F.Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances, from clouds of gas where stars are being born to new planets where we might find life. The night sky has been an endless source of fascination since the start of human history. For example, the mysterious large-eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui, were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars. In reality, humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye. And, for a long while, people were unable to understand what they could see.    67   Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first telescope (望远镜) was angled at the night sky, increasing as it did the power of the human eye and enabling us to understand that the universe is far larger than was previously imaginable. The planets were seen to be worlds similar to our own, many of them even having their own moons.       68    Some 300 years later, we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just one galaxy among billions of others, spread across the blackness of space like great islands of light and matter floating in a vast cosmic ocean.Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope was invented, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit, giving astronomers indeed all of us — the first breathtakingly beautiful images of our universe taken from beyond Earth.    69    It has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe, and discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed.    70    Currently, China operates the world’s largest and most powerful radio telescope, the FAST telescope, completed in 2016. The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”, as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter. This vast dish also has the ability to explore regions of space billions of light years away, right at the edge of the visible universe.IV. Summary Writing71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Parents, teachers, and anyone who regularly deals with teenagers know how difficult the adolescent years can be. Adolescents have always been known to do wild — even dangerous — thing. Now, brain-imaging technology allows scientists to study the physical development of the brain in more detail than ever before. Their discoveries have led to a new theory of why teens act the way they do.Recently, scientists discovered that though our brains are almost at their full size by the age of six, they are far from fully developed. Only during adolescence do our brains truly “grow up”. During this time, they go through great changes, like a computer system being upgraded. This “upgrade” was once thought to be finished by about age 12. Now, scientists have concluded that our brains continue to change until age 25. Such changes make us better at balancing our impulses (冲动) with the need to follow rules. However, a brain that is still developing does this awkwardly. The result, scientists claim, is the unpredictable behavior seen in teenagers.The studies confirm that teens are more likely to take risks and behave in extreme ways. Fortunately, the news isn’t all negative. As brain scientist B.J. Casey points out, the teen brain inspires such behavior in order to help teenagers prepare for adult life.One way the brain does this is by changing the way teens view risks and rewards. Researchers found that when teens think about rewards, their brains release more of the chemicals that create pleasure than an adult brain would. Researchers believe this makes the rewards seem more important than the risks and makes teens feel the excitement of new experiences more keenly than adults do.Research into the structure of the teen brain also found that it makes social connections seem especially rewarding. As such, teens have an intense need to meet new people. It, therefore, connects social rewards with even more pleasure. In this way, the brain encourages teens to have a wide circle of friends, which is believed to make them more successful in life. V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.诗歌是一面镜子，让我们反思自己的生活。(serve as)究竟是什么导致了古希腊文明的兴衰？(on earth)这次社会实践的初衷是鼓励那些依赖手机的学生们远离手机，激发他们去发现身边的美。(intend)尽管教授由于疫情无法亲临会议现场，但他依然为在校师生们做了一场围绕科技发展的精彩绝伦的在线演讲。(such)VI. Guided Writing76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假定你是李敏，你班计划组织主题为“培养毅力、快乐学习”的远足活动，请你写一封电子邮件，邀请外教Edison一起参加。内容包括： （1）本次活动的目的和意义；（2）活动的具体安排，如时间、地点、远足路线和相关活动： （3）所需物品和注意事项。 （文中不要出现真实姓名和学校名称）
参考答案21. thought  22. what   23. those   24. like   25. has (been) focused26. that   27. as/because 28. practising 29. less likely 30. to avoid31-40 GIBFJ  KACEH41-55 DCDBA  BADCD  BDCAC56-70 DBCB  CBC  DAAC  CBFD71.Scientists discovered the cause of teenagers’ unpredictable behaviors thanks to brain-imaging technology. Studies show that brains continue to grow until age 25, so teenagers’ still-developing brains causes them to take risks. Teenagers’ brains measure risks and rewards differently than adult brains do and stimulate them to have more social connections, paving the way for their future success. (57 words)72.Poetry serves as a mirror that allows us to reflect on our lives.73.What on earth contributed to/led to/ caused the rise and fall of the civilization of ancient   Greece?74.This social practice is intended to encourage those students who rely/depend on their mobile  phones to put aside/stay away from their mobile phones and inspire them to discover beauty around them. 75.Although the professor wasn’t able to come to the meeting/ attend the meeting in person due to the corona-virus outbreak/ pandemic / epidemic, he still gave/ delivered such a fantastic online speech as closely centered on the development of science and technology to students and teachers in school. 76.略