2022-2023学年上海市杨浦区高三上学期9月摸底测试英语试卷含答案

杨浦区2022-2023学年高三上学期9月摸底测试 英语试卷

I. Listening comprehension

略

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

The first time I invited a good friend not just over to but into my house, post-vaccination, without masks, I couldn't even wait until she walked up to my door —I ran outside to greet her, and we hugged each other in the driveway. We both held on tight, as we took turns exclaiming how good it was to see each other. We (21)________(not hang) out in person since January 2020, and of course I was looking forward to talking, sharing a meal, catching up on all her news—but somehow I felt that (22) _________ any of that happened, I would also get to hug her. It was my first hug from a friend in more than a year, and a reminder of just how (23) _________ (comfort) a good hug can be.

I've been a huger since middle school, when my friends and I (24) _________ embrace between classes in the hall as though we hadn't just seen one another the day before. In high school, I volunteered at a Girl Scouts camp every summer, and at the end of each session, many of our campers would seek us out (25) _________ (say) goodbye. My fellow counselors and I would typically offer (26) _________ a choice: Hug, handshake or high five? Most of the kids would choose a hug. But there were always at least a few (27) _________ would opt for a handshake, at times delivered so solemnly that I felt like we were going into business together, or a high five, some slapping so hard that my hand (28) _________ (hurt). I always appreciated this ritual, especially the individual ask, for the simple reason (29) _________ it allowed me to think about and honor each camper's wishes. As I venture out from my pandemic bubble, I hope to bring the same kind of intentionality to every much (30) _________ (anticipate) reunion.

Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

When El Salvador（萨尔瓦多）made bitcoin a legal currency on September 7, it became the first nation in the world to do so.

Bitcoin is decentralized, __31__ money that can be sent from user to user on the bitcoin network. Its value is not supported by any country's central bank.

President Nayib Bukele praised the use of bitcoin for its __32__ to help Salvadorans living abroad to send money back home, while saying the U. S. dollar would continue as legal tender（法定货币）. In practice, Salvador does not have its own currency.

In the capital, San Salvador, reactions were mixed, with some excited that the new currency could increase prosperity and financial __33__. Others were skeptical（怀疑的）.

The government of Bukele placed one of 200 banking machines at the "Excuartel" market. They were supposed to permit bitcoins to be __34__ or changed into U. S. dollars without paying extra costs. Sellers of goods were angry that officials didn't explain how it would work. The feeling of __35__ extended beyond San Salvador's "Excuartel" market into the Central American country of 6.4 million people.

In July, three out of four Salvadorans were concerned about the bitcoin plan; public opinion research showed. Later, about 300 protesters __36__ on El Salvador's Congress to demand that the new bitcoin law be stopped.

Since El Salvador started using the U. S. dollar as its currency in 2001, inflation（通货膨胀） has been just two percent, one of the lowest in Latin America. Higher inflation, __37__ argue, could come from the use of bitcoin because its value changed often and by large amounts.

The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have pointed to environmental and transparency（透明度）__38__ over the use of bitcoin. After the bitcoin law passed, credit rating agency Moody's __39__ El Salvador's credit rating.

Hanke, one protester, believed that Bukele's ideas would end with economic problems. "For the United States, this would mean yet another wave of __40__ from an unstable Central American failed state," he said.

III. Reading Comprehensions

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Deliberation is not always the best option

Humans have developed over millions of years of evolution to respond to certain situations without thinking too hard. If your ancestors __41__ movement in the undergrowth, they would run first and ask questions later. At the same time, the __42__ to analyse and to plan is part of what distinguishes people from other animals.

The question of when to trust your gut（直觉）and when to test your __43__—whether to think fast or slow, in the language of Daniel Kahneman, a psychologist—__44__ in the office as much as it does in the savannah（大草原）.

Deliberative thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace. Strategic changes and budget discussions are built on rounds of meetings, memos, formulas and presentations. Processes are increasingly designed to __45__ instinctive responses. From blind screening of job applicants to using "red-teaming" techniques to pick apart a firm's plans, precision __46__ instinct.

Yet instinct also has its place. Some decisions are more connected to emotional responses and inherently（固有的）less __47__ to analysis. Does a marketing campaign capture the __48__ of your company, say, or would this person work well with other people in a team? In __49__ customer-service situations, intuition is often a better guide to how to behave than a script.

Gut instincts can also be __50__. Plenty of research has shown that intuition becomes more unfailing with experience. In one well-known experiment, conducted in 2012, volunteers were asked to __51__ whether a selection of designer handbags were fake or real. Some were instructed to operate on instinct and others to deliberate over their decision. Intuition worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags; indeed, it __52__ analysis. The more expert you become, the better your instincts tend to be.

__53__, the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is, well, fast. Instinctive decision-making is often the only way to get through the day. Researchers at Cornell University once estimated that people make over 200 decisions a day about food alone. The workplace is __54__ but a succession of choices, a few big and many small: what to __55__, when to intervene, whom to avoid in the lifts and, now, where to work each day.

41. A. uncovered     B. spotted         C. blocked         D. encountered

42. A. capacity        B. motive          C. reluctance       D. urge

43. A. consultation    B. anticipation      C. assumptions      D. reaction

44. A. integrates      B. matters         C. works         D. abuses

45. A. bring out       B. pick out       C. make out      D. stamp out

46. A. equals          B. comprises     C. beats          D. boosts

47. A. manageable    B. adaptable       C. familiar         D. sensitive

48. A. attention       B. opportunity     C. status          D. essence

49. A. rough         B. tough         C. nervous         D. neutral

50. A. improved      B. copied          C. transferred       D. weakened

51. A. ensure          B. extinguish       C. clarify          D. assess

52. A. undertook      B. outperformed    C. facilitated      D. paralleled

53. A. Likewise        B. However      C. Consequently   D. Moreover

54. A. anything         B. something      C. nothing        D. everything

55. A. cooperate      B. prioritize      C. convince      D. strive

Section B

Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

I was at the funeral of my dearest friend -- my mother. She finally had lost her long battle with cancer. The hurt was so intense; I found it hard to breathe at times. Always supportive, Mother clapped loudest at my school plays, held the box of tissues while listening to my first heartbreak, comforted me at my father's death, and prayed for me my entire life.

When mother's illness was diagnosed, my sister had a new baby and my brother had recently married his childhood sweetheart, so it fell on me, the 27-year-old middle child, to take care of her. I counted it an honor. My place had been with our mother, preparing her meals, taking her to the doctor, reading the Bible together. Now she was in heaven. My work was finished, but I was alone.

Deep in sorrow, suddenly, I heard a door open and slam shut at the back of the church. Quick footsteps hurried along the carpeted floor. A young man looked around briefly and then sat next to me. He folded his hands and placed them on his lap. His eyes started to be filled with tears.

"I'm late," he explained, though no explanation was necessary.

After several eulogies（悼词）, he leaned over and commented, "Why do they keep calling Mary by the name of Margaret?"

"Because that was her name, Margaret. Never Mary." I whispered, wondering who the stranger was anyway.

"Isn't this the Lutheran church?"

"No, the Lutheran church is across the street."

"Oh ..."

"I believe you're at the wrong funeral, Sir."

The solemnness（庄重）of the occasion mixed with the realization of the man's mistake bubbled up inside me and came out as laughter. Sharp looks from other mourner（哀悼者）only made the situation seem more stupid. I peeked at the confused, misguided man seated beside me. He was laughing too, as he glanced around, deciding it was too late for an uneventful exit. I imagined Mother laughing.

At the final "Amen," we rushed out a door and into the parking lot. "I do believe we'll be the talk of the town. By the way, my name is Rick," he smiled.

That afternoon began a lifelong journey for me with this man who attended the wrong funeral, but was in the right place. A year after our meeting, we were married at a country church. This time we both arrived at the same church, right on time.

In my time of sorrow, God gave me laughter. In place of loneliness, God gave me love. This past June, we celebrated our twenty-second wedding anniversary. Whenever anyone asks us how we met, Rick tells them, "Her mother and my Aunt introduced us, and it's truly a match made in heaven."

56. Only the author could take care of her mom mainly because __________.

A. her mom loved her much more than other children

B. she was the eldest daughter in the family

C. a lovely baby came into her brother's family

D. she was the only child without a new family's burden

57. Which of the following sentences is True?

A. Rick was late for the funeral because he didn't know the name of deceased.

B. The author felt reluctant to undertake the work of tending her mother.

C. Rick remained at the funeral even though he knew he had made a mistake.

D. The author and Rick resembled in personality because neither could control emotions.

58. What can we infer from the passage?

A. Margaret should be the name of Rick's aunt.

B. The author was supposed to be at the Lutheran church.

C. The author and Rick met 22 years ago for the first time.

D. The mourners at the funeral considered the author's joy improper.

59. What could be the best title for the passage?

A. Two Funerals at a Time          B. Hope Remains at the Funeral

C. A heavenly Encounter           D. Manners Matter at the Funeral

(B)

WISH LIST

The latest driving tech

Hudly Wireless     Price: $349

Staying focused on the road while glancing at your smartphone or satellite navigation for direction can be a distraction. That's why Hudly has created its transparent heads-up display to keep your journey information right in your sight-line. Paired wirelessly with your smartphone, this 6.2-inch display allows you to view the road and its vibrant directions simultaneously. Also equipped with light sensors, this heads-up display will automatically adapt its visibility to suit your environment.

Roav VIVA     Price: $130

Bring Alexa along for the ride with this plug-in speaker from Anker. Paired with your smartphone, VIVA can make calls, stream music and provide audio navigation with simple voice commands. Plugged straight into your vehicle's power outlet, this travel-size companion comes equipped with two USB ports so you and your passengers can charge smart devices on the go.

ZUS Smart Tire Safety Monitor     Price: $159.98

Keeping your tires at the correct pressure is of vital importance to not only staying safe on the roads, but to maintain low fuel consumption. With the ZUS smart safety monitors by Nonda, you receive real-time alerts if your tires are leaking air or in need of a refill. Taking only minutes to install, these high-tech dust caps simply screw on each tire and give you feedback on how each tire is performing, recording a detailed history of pressure changes over time.

GOFAR     Price: $149

Open a window into your vehicle's health with GOFAR. By simply plugging the GOFAR adapter into your car's computer, receive real-time information about any mechanical problems or performance information sent straight to your smartphone. In the same way a Formula I drive monitors their fuel efficiency on the track, the GOFAR Ray keeps you up to date on how you consume fuel with the simple dashboard light array（排列）. If you're hitting the gas too hard, the GOFAR Ray will illuminate red to let you know you're wasting fuel and green when you're driving optimally（最佳地）.

Automatic Connected Car Assistant     Price: from $99.99

If you want to get to know your car inside out, then the Automatic connected car assistant is the perfect addition to your vehicle. By simply plugging the compact diagnostic device into the vehicle, a whole host of information about your car is available at your fingertips. Using the Automatic app, this driving assistant can give detailed diagnostics about maintenance issues and performance alongside crash alerts, your vehicle's real-time location and roadside assistance.

Jabra Freeway     Price: $99.99

If your car isn't Bluetooth connected, then Jabra Freeway is a great gadget to listen to high-quality sound and answer and make calls at the touch of a button or through voice activation. With three built-in speakers, Freeway offers impressive surround sound. However, if you prefer your vehicle's speakers, the built-in FM transmitter will connect your smartphone straight to the car's internal sound system. Equipped with a motion sensor, Freeway will always sense when you get into the car and automatically connect to your smartphone.

60. Mary, a green-hand driver, wants to know the overall health of her second-hand car and to ensure road safety and timely help if anything happens. What's the best product for her?

A. GOFAR                              B. Hudly wireless       

C. Automatic Connected Car Assistant        D. Zus Smart Tire Safety Monitor

61. What do Jabra Freeway and Roav VIVA have in common?

A. Both can be smartphone connected and voice controlled.

B. Both can make calls, stream music and provide navigation.

C. Both can be operated with voice activation and button touch.

D. Both are equipped with motion sensors and USB ports.

62. Which of the following devices can help you cut back on your spending in the long run?

① Hudly wireless   ② Roav VIVA   ③ Zus Smart Tire Safety Monitor

④ GOFAR   ⑤ Automated Connected Car   ⑥ Jabra Freeway

A. ②③          B. ③④           C. ④⑤           D. ⑤⑥

(C)

The study of psychology is facing a crisis. The Research Excellence Framework (the REF) has led to a research culture which is holding back attempts to stabilize psychology in particular, and science in general. The REF encourages universities to push for groundbreaking, innovative and exciting research in the form of 4* papers, but it does not reward the efforts of those who replicate（复制）studies.

The point of replicating a study is to test whether a statistically significant result will appear again if the experiments is repeated. Of course, a similar result may not appear -- casting into questions the validity of the results from the first experiment.

Last year, the Open Science Collaboration attempted to replicate 100 studies from highly ranked psychological journalists. While 97% of the original studies had a statistically significant result, just 36% of the replications had the same outcome. Equally worrying: when an effect did appear, it was often much smaller than previously thought.

Recent data calls into question some widely influential findings in psychological science. These problems are not limited to psychology, however -- many findings published in scientific literature may actually be false.

Science is supposed to be self-correcting and re-producibility is a cornerstone of the scientific method. Yet, we simply aren't invested in replicating findings. We all want to be good researchers and understand more about how the world works. So why are we so reluctant to check our conclusions are valid?

Because no incentive（激励）is provided by the system we carry out our research in. In the UK, the REF rates the submitted research outputs in terms of their originality (how innovative is the research?), significance (does it have practical or commercial importance?), and rigour (is the research technically right?). Outputs are then awarded one to four stars. 4* papers are considered world-leading. The cumulative（累积的）total of 3* and 4* papers determines research funding allocation（分配）and has a knock-on effect on institutional position on the national ranking list and therefore attractiveness to students. Obviously, the more publications the better.

The focus on originality -- publications exploring new areas of research using new models, and avoiding testing well-established theories -- is the exact opposite of what science needs to be doing to solve doing to solve the troubling replication crisis. According to REF standards, replicating an already published piece of work is simply uninteresting.

Worryingly, many academics admit to engaging in at least one questionable research practice in order to achieve publication. Examples of this include: coming up with a theory after data is collected, stopping collecting data when an effect appears in case it disappears later, or only reporting the significant effects from collected data. Others simply fabricate data -- Dutch psychologist Diederik Stapel shockingly falsified data from more than 50 studies. The REF completely harms our efforts to produce a reliable body of knowledge. Why?

With the next REF submission just four years away, many researchers are effectively faced with a choice: be a good scientist, or be a successful academic who gets funding and a promotion.

63. What crisis the study of psychology facing?

A. The REF has started a revolution in not only psychology but also science.

B. The REF presses the universities to conduct more groundbreaking research.

C. The REF tends to set up a different standard for replications of studies.

D. The REF's indifference to replications of studies had led to disturbing effects.

64. The REF's emphasis on originality has brought about _________.

A. a reliable body of knowledge           B. publications exploring new areas

C. tests of well-established theories        D. uninteresting replications of studies

65. The underlined word "fabricate" in paragraph 8 closest in meaning to __________.

A. copy            B. invent            C. transmit            D. pretend

66. We can infer from the passage that the REF __________.

A. is a system for assessing the quality of research in UK universities

B. provides UK researchers with funding and job opportunities

C. recognizes researchers' work and adds to their attractiveness to students

D. is planning to change its standard before the next REF submission

Section C

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Homesickness

The longing for the family has caused pain to writers and poets since the beginning of time. Most of us associate very strongly with the place of our birth or the place we have learned to call home. __________67__________

When you left home to attend school, you may or may not have experienced homesickness to some degree. __________68__________ Other students are very excited in the beginning only to find, after several weeks, that they are starting to miss what was familiar and wish for a visit with friends and family. Still others dread the unfamiliar surroundings from the beginning and are sad and somewhat miserable for a period of time ranging from a few days to an entire semester.

Homesickness can strike any of us when we have moved to new surroundings and are being called upon to meet our needs in a different way and with different people. Each of us has a different tolerance for change and learned different methods for coping with unfamiliar surroundings. __________69__________ Sometimes it can become a more serious depression if the person cannot begin to meet his/her needs for love and belonging with new people. In those incidences, a new student (or an experienced student felling homesick) may want to seek out professional help to talk through his/her concerns.

__________70__________ Often times, new people can show us the way to create new meanings for ourselves and can encourage us to stick with the problem and more through our feelings to new understandings. Often, homesickness is another way of saying we are scared to face the future, or that we're doubling our ability to cope. Talking with new friends, getting involved in some new activities (until they too become familiar) or speaking with an interested counselor or teacher, can go a long way towards alleviating the worst feelings.

第II卷

IV. Summary Writing

Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

The Achievement Gap in the United States

The achievement gap in the United States refers to the observed, persistent disparity（差异）in measures of educational performance among subgroups of U. S. students, especially groups defined by socio-economic status, race and gender. The achievement gap can be observed on a variety of measures including standardized test scores, grade point average, dropout rates, and college enrollment and completion rates.

Research into the causes of the disparity in academic achievement between students has been ongoing since 1966. Many experts argue that achievement gaps are the result of more subtle environmental factors and "opportunity gaps" in the resources available to poor versus wealthy children.

Home environments have a stronger impact on school achievement than in-school factors, in part, because children spend more time outside of school than in school. Studies have found that children in poverty whose parents provide engaging learning environments at home do not start school with the same academic readiness gaps seen among poor children generally.

In addition, the out-of-school factors influencing academic performance differ significantly between children living in poverty and children from middle-income households. Being raised in a low-income family, for example, often means having fewer educational resources at home, in addition to poor health care and nutrition.

The achievement gap has become a focal point of education reform efforts by a number of non-profit organizations and advocacy groups. Attempts to minimize the achievement gap by improving equality of access to educational opportunities have been numerous, such as multicultural education, finance equalization, and interventions to improve school testing, teacher quality and responsibility.

V. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

72. 中秋节晚餐时，父亲提议为家人的健康干杯。(toast n.)

73. 那位名人对于经济发展前景的看法结果是相互矛盾的。(turn out)

74. 只有求同存异，一个团队才能凝聚力量，和谐发展。(Only)

75. 女王的离世标志着一个时代(ear)的终结。在她的葬礼前，电视台播放了以女王名义提前制作的纪录片，回顾她96年的漫长人生。(mark, whose)

VI. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

在抗击新冠疫情的过程中，我们的身边涌现出许多平凡的英雄，例如医护工作者、社区志愿者、快递小哥、警察、教师等等。假设你是明启中学的高三学生李华，你校学生会计划组织一次“向平凡的英雄致敬”(Salute Everyday Heroes)主题活动，现有原创诗歌大赛和短视频制作大赛两个选择，向全体学生征求意见。你准备写一封信给学生会，内容须包括：

1. 选择一个你感兴趣的活动

2. 说明你选择的理由

参考答案

21. hadn't hung    22. before   23. comforting    24. would   25. to say

26. them    27. who    28. hurt   29. that    30. anticipated

31 - 40  BHGJI  EAKDF

41 - 55  BACBD  CADBA   DBBCB

56 - 59  DCDC  60 - 62  CAB   63 - 66  DBBA   67 - 70  BFDE

71. 概念（现象）: The achievement gap in America means obvious and lasting inequality in students' academic performance by different standards.

2点原因：As to causes, home environments are more influential than schools since students stay home longer. Besides, wealthy children have more access to educational resources than their poor peers

解决措施：Many organizations have made considerable attempts to close the achievement gap by enhancing educational equality.

72. At the dinner of the Mid-Autumn Festival, father proposed/suggested a toast to the health of my family.

73. The celebrity's views on the prospects for / of economic development turned out to be contradictory.

As it turned out. // It turned out that celebrity's views on the prospects for/ of economic development were contradictory.

74. Only by seeking common ground and/ while reserving difference can a team gather strength and develop harmoniously/in harmony.

75. The death of the Queen marked the end of an era, before whose funeral TV stations broadcast a documentary / documentaries already made / made in advance in Queen's honour / in honour of the Queen / in the name of the Queen to look back on/ to/ review her long life of 96 years / as a review of her long life of 96 years.