2022-2023学年上海市嘉定区高二（下）期末英语试卷

这是一份2022-2023学年上海市嘉定区高二（下）期末英语试卷，共27页。试卷主要包含了选词填空-句子，阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，单词拼写-单句，句子翻译，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年上海市嘉定区高二（下）期末英语试卷

一、选词填空-句子（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
1.

A.appearances B.imitating C.distinguish D.isolate E.advantageous F.diverse
G.identical H.criterion I.markings J.poisonous K.threatening
Why different species start looking exactly the same
Is it better to stand out from the crowd or be similar to the background？For birds，the answer is complicated.While peacocks （孔雀） show off their brightly colored feathers to attract mates and ward off predators （捕食者），other birds find it （1） ______ to hide themselves by imitating the looks of other birds.
Groups of birds flying together often come from the same species，making it hard to（2） ______ one from another.However，some groups of birds including two or more species take on similar （3） ______ ，which is an uncommon phenomenon. "They all share random features，like feathers on head or yellow bellies （腹部），which makes them almost （4） ______ .You can't really tell them apart without looking at their （5） ______ ." says Scott Robinson，a famous scholar.His new study suggests（6） ______ another bird's appearance is not a coincidence （巧合） but rather an evolutionary method to increase their chances of survival.Looking like a bird from a dominant specter helps reduce attack from other members and appear more （7） ______ to potential predators.
"In imitation，you often want to look like something because there's an advantage to being that other thing.You want species to think you're（8） ______ or low-profitable target" says Rebecca Kimball，a professor of biology. "In grouping birds，one idea is that this has more to do with a predator's ability to（9） ______ a target.When there are a group of birds moving around，it may be easier for predators to identify an individual that has a distinct color pattern."
While it may not seem like it at first，imitating other birds is helping to create more（10） ______ species.Not only do birds imitate more than one species as they grow up，but their appearance varies over time.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

二、阅读理解（本大题共11小题，共22.0分）
A
A schoolgirl has created a solar-powered backpack that filters （过滤） out air pollution after being inspired by her asthmatic （患哮喘病的） mother.
Eleanor Woods，12，from a town in northern England，entered the "Backpack to the Future" competition after her mother put the application form in her room.She went on to win the award for her innovative bag.
The "Backpack to the Future" competition was launched to change perceptions，encourage more diversity within engineering and to show children how they could combine an interest in fashion with a career in STEM （science，technology，engineering or maths）.
Powered by green energy from solar power and a dynamo—a machine that changes mechanical energy into electrical energy—the backpack filters polluted air before fanning out cleaner air nearby.
"I have an air filter at home because my mum has mild asthma.My Breathe Better Backpack is all about keeping my friends，family and classmates safe using an air filter.It looks cool and will help get kids outside and fight off colds，" said Eleanor. "The first thing that came to mind is that blue is one of my favorite colors and blue feels clean and the bubbles on the outside have a clean theme for breathing."
The pandemic encouraged Eleanor's awareness of how pollution affects a person's health and the spread of diseases.Spending a lot of time with her asthmatic mum over several lockdowns gave the 12-year-old food for thought.The schoolgirl added， "My generation is really aware of pollution，and we have lessons on it at school along with diseases spreading，and this is another reason I designed this，because it is getting much worse." The young designer said she is becoming increasingly aware of the pollution that surrounds her，as she lives on a main road.Eleanor said， "I walk to school，next to the road，and can taste the petrol when buses come through."
Speaking after winning the competition，Eleanor said the impact of her backpack will he far- reaching. "If just a few people start using it，it could be really good for the planet，" she said.
2. According to the passage，the "Backpack to the Future" competition aims to ______ .
A. introduce the diversity within engineering
B. develop people's interest in fashion design
C. encourage application of STEM to fashion
D. raise the public awareness of air pollution
3. Eleanor invented the Breathe Better Backpack to ______ .
A. cure her mother's mild asthma by transforming energy
B. help those who need air filters by reducing air pollution
C. attract kids1 attention by its colors and bubbles outside
D. prevent diseases spreading by fanning out cleaner air
4. Which of the following is TRUE about the backpack？ ______
A. The outside design of it shows the theme of the competition.
B. Eleanor's inspiration to invent it comes from bubbles.
C. It is equipped with an energy transfer to produce fresh air.
D. Its impact on the competition will be far-reaching.
5. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage？ ______
A. Use of Backpack Brings Benefits to Environment
B. Young Designers are Becoming Aware of Pollution
C. Mother assists Schoolgirl in Winning Competition
D. Schoolgirl Creates Bag that Filters out Air Pollution
B
BBC Science Focus Magazine Subscription Ideas，discoveries，and the big questions answered

Annual frequency：
14 Issues Per Year
Delivery：UK &；Worldwide
Next issue available：
08 Jul 2023
Cancellation About the magazine FAQ Give a gift
Q.When will my subscription start？
A.You can choose the first issue of your subscription during our checkout If you are buying as a gift you can make sure their first magazine does not arrive before a certain date.If you do not select a future date your first magazine will the next issue available.We are unable to start a subscription for a previous issue or the latest copy on sale in shops.When you subscribe through buysubscriptions.com you will receive an order confirmation email stating the date of your first issue.
Q.I selected an offer with an Added Extra.When will this arrive？
A.If the subscription offer you select includes an Added Extra we will send it to the address of the person paying for the subscription.Our Added Extras are sent separately from the magazine and will arrive within 28 working days of your payment being processed.Added Extra items are currently only available for delivery within the UK.
Q.How can I keep track of my subscription or change my delivery address？
A.By creating an account on buysubscriptions.com you are able to see when your next issue is duet，how many issues you have remaining on your current payment，change your delivery address，and I renew your subscription.
6. According to the passage，if readers choose "Single payment"，the price of an issue of the print edition is about ______ .
A. ＄6 B. ＄8 C. ＄14 D. ＄20
7. According to the passage，you'll receive ______ as a first magazine if you forget to set a date.
A. the first issue B. the latest copy
C. the next issue D. the previous issue
8. The passage is mainly intended to ______ .
A. describe the features and functions of the magazine
B. offer detailed information about buying the magazine
C. explain the differences between print and digital edition
D. answer some questions raised by the regular readers
C
As plastic waste increases rapidly around the world，an essential question remains unanswered：What harm，if any，does it cause to human health？
A few years ago，as microplastics began turning up in the organs of fish and shellfish，the concern was focused on the safety of seafood.Shellfish were a particular worry，because in their case，unlike fish，we eat the entire animal — stomach，microplastics and all.In 2017，Belgian scientists announced that seafood lovers could consume up to 11，000 plastic particles （粒子） a year by eating mussels （贻贝），a favorite dish in that country.
By then，however，scientists already understood that plastics continuously fragment small pieces in the environment，tearing over time into fibers even smaller than a strand of human hair — particles are so small that they easily fly in the air.A team at the U.K.'s University of Plymouth decided to compare the threat from eating polluted wild mussels in Scotland to that of breathing air in a typical home.Their conclusion：People will take in more plastic by breathing in or taking tiny，invisible plastic fibers floating in the air around them—fibers from their own clothes，carpets，and soft covering on furniture — than they will by eating the mussels.
So，it wasn't much of a surprise when，in 2022，scientists from the Netherlands and the U.K，announced they had found tiny plastic particles in living humans，in two places where they hadn't been seen before：deep inside the lungs of surgical patients，and in the blood of unknown donors.Neither of the two studies answered the question of possible harm.But together they signaled a shift in the focus of concern about plastics toward the cloud of dust particles in the air，some of them are so small that they can get into deep inside the body and even inside cells，in ways that larger microplastics can't
Dick Vethaak，a professor of ecotoxicology （生态毒理学），doesn't consider the results alarming，exactly—"but，yes，we should be concerned.Plastics should not be in your blood." "We live in a multi-particle world，" he adds，referring to the dust，pollen （花粉），and smog that humans also breathe in every day. "The trick is to figure out how much plastics contribute to that particle burden and what does that mean."
9. What does the word "fragment" in para.3 probably mean？ ______
A. break into B. take in C. pick out D. make up
10. The study done by a team at the U K.'s University of Plymouth shows that ______ .
A. microplastics from things in our daily life ant more poisonous
B. people eating polluted mussels are more likely to get diseases
C. invisible plastic fibers are more harmful to the environment
D. the influence of microplastics in mussels is less than thought
11. It can be inferred from the passage that ______ .
A. microplastics in polluted wild mussels can cause serious diseases
B. there's no need to worry about the plastics found in human blood
C. we can avoid breathing particles by figuring out particle burden
D. more attention should be paid to the dust particles than plastics
12. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage？ ______
A. Are Microplastics Harmful to Us？
B. Should Microplastics be in Our Blood？
C. Can Microplastics Get into Our Bodies？
D. Do We Know Anything about Microplastics？

三、阅读七选五（本大题共4小题，共8.0分）
Directions：Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Texting or Talking？
The telephone was an amazing invention.People could finally speak to each other instantly from one home to another.The mobile phone took this technology further，meaning we could make contact with people to and from almost anywhere in the world.（1） ______
I don't mean we have taken up letter writing again.Although a handwritten letter has a personal touch，sending it by post is too slow to satisfy our desire to keep in touch immediately.（2） ______ A study in the UK a few years ago found 49 per cent of teenagers preferred to send a text rather than speak to someone.
Certainly sending an SMS，text or message through a chat app means we can compose what we want to say，and we can be more efficient in saying it — especially if we express ourselves by using emojis （表情符号）.（3） ______ Text messaging also allows privacy — other people can't overhear your text if you're in a public place such as on a train.
（ 4） ______ We may even forget the art of pleasantries （客套）.A text can be misinterpreted too because you miss out on a speaker's intonation （语调）.We always speak with melody and intonation to our voice…you take that channel of information out of communication，you lose another way that sense is being conveyed.

A.But texting instead of talking can seem antisocial.
B.It can also be quicker than having to chat with someone，although I feel you can still end up wasting time by having a full discussion by text!
C.But despite having the instant ability to talk to one another，it seems many of us prefer to communicate by text.
D.If it's taking you more than 10 minutes to compose a response，you may be better off calling the person.
E.The privacy of messages sent and received is protected.
F.But what our smartphones now allow us to do enables us to communicate in any number of quick，cheap but silent ways.
13.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
14.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
15.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

四、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
Most people have seen animals solve problems in one context or another Whether it's a dog getting food out of a puzzle toy，a squirrel （松鼠） breaking into a "squirrel-proof，bird feeder，or — in what is hopefully a rarer experience — a bear opening a door to get to the food inside!
Do all individuals within a species come up with （1） ______ solutions to problems？Or are some individuals more innovative than others？In ungulates （for example，goats and horses），social outsiders are more likely to innovate than their （2） ______ groupmates：if an individual spends time on the outer areas of their group，they are more likely to succeed at a problem-solving task.
（ 3） ______ ，in some species of primates （灵长类动物） and birds，it has been shown that individuals with low social standing — that is，those who regularly lose fights，and who don't have （4） ______ of access to valuable resources — tend to innovate more.
The above examples tie into the theory that the individuals who are least able to gain access to good quality （5） ______ ，such as food and shelter，are the most likely to innovate.This "bad competitor" theory suggests that individuals innovate because they must do so to （6） ______ .Imagine you're a goat who can't get access to the feeding container because you're not in the in-group.You'd probably be more （7） ______ to figure out how to open a container with food inside than your more popular （and well-fed） groupmates.
However，while there is support for this theory in some species，many species show opposing patterns. （8） ______ ，being a "bad competitor" doesn't seem to be a general driver of innovation across species. （9） ______ appears to have a more general influence on animal innovativeness.A meta-analysis （综合分析） across 37 studies of animal innovation found that being brave （that is，approaching （10） ______ objects and exploring new environments） was linked to innovative behavior.For example，brave Carib grackles （a species of bird） and ungulates are more likely to innovate than their more easily frightened groupmates. （11） ______ has also been linked to innovation in a variety of species，from zebra finches （斑胸草雀） to Asian elephants.
Both make instinctive sense.The more likely an individual is to （12） ______ with a new problem （that is，the braver they are，and the more time they spend trying to solve a problem （that is，the more persistent they are），the more likely they are to find a（n）（ 13） ______ .
Regardless of the reason individuals innovate，once an individual finds a solution to a problem，（ 14） ______ a problem involving resource access，their behavior can spread like wildfire.Other individuals pay attention when a groupmate innovates，and （15） ______ the problem-solving behavior.
17.  A. instant B. comprehensive C. fair D. creative
18.  A. friendly B. popular C. close D. faithful
19.  A. Similarly B. Inevitably C. Apparently D. Gradually
20.  A. purpose B. priority C. pressure D. potential
21.  A. services B. materials C. goods D. resources
22.  A. pretend B. compete C. survive D. evolve
23.  A. reluctant B. excited C. motivated D. confused
24.  A. Thus B. Besides C. Still D. Meanwhile
25.  A. Emotion B. Gender C. Appearance D. Personality
26.  A. living B. novel C. endangered D. ideal
27.  A. Persistence B. Intelligence C. Performance D. Confidence
28.  A. conflict B. compare C. interact D. identify
29.  A. position B. object C. solution D. chance
30.  A. absolutely B. fortunately C. definitely D. particularly
31.  A. copy B. change C. influence D. evaluate
五、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
32.
Most underrated pleasures of one's life
One of the biggest drivers of good relationships in our lives is a developed level of understanding in those relationships.The relationships（1） ______ this understanding end up creating too much maintenance work.So it becomes more like luggage or at least something that needs attention or care rather than fun.
I realized it with a couple of friends of mine.Recently my "friend ecosystem" had a sudden change.A couple of them（2） ______ （leave） although I still have a couple around.I am also adding a couple of new ones.
The whole change made me thoughtful.I started to think about the cause of being better friends with some.It turns out that among the large number of other factors，one of the key ones is （3） ______ （understand）.It can then be extended to personal and even business relationships.
While（4） ______ （hire） a key employee，one can be sure that it will work well if the other person enjoys and understands you well.It will be far（5） ______ （productive） as the relationship related maintenance is low and you can focus on actual output.It （6） ______ help you even when you are looking for funding partners，seed capital or business joint ventures （企业）.
Finally，how do you ensure you are understood？To start with，make sure that the people who（7） ______ （matter） to you in any capacity like business，managerial，personal or family have an open relationship with you.Creating an open environment （8） ______ others can discuss constructive aspects or difficult discussion is important.
Being caring and respectful to（9） ______ and being truthful are two different things.Truthfulness is as important as being respectful and caring.In the long term，truthfulness will result in a caring relationship，（10） ______ you are understood well and have an open relationship，you can't be truthful.
When you get to that level with the person where you are completely understood，it will be an awesome feeling!
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
六、单词拼写-单句（本大题共7小题，共14.0分）
33. The singer ______ （得到钢琴伴奏） by her sister. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
34. My choice ______ （基于假设） that house price would remain steady. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
35. After four months' study，he ______ （被授予证书） . （根据汉语提示完成句子）
36. What the witness said in court ______ （与……不一致） the statement he made to the police. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
37. The report includes ______ （公司未来发展的全面评估） . （根据汉语提示完成句子）
38. I always have some extra cash with me ______ （以备急需） . （根据汉语提示完成句子）
39. The terms of the supermarket ______ （使顾客有权换货或全额退款） when they buy low-quality products. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
七、句子翻译（本大题共4小题，共16.0分）
40. 在网上下单时，记得核对信息。（order）（汉译英） ______
41. 这个古镇以许多传统活动为特色，是绝佳的旅游胜地。（feature v.）（汉译英） ______
42. 有了这个应用程序，用户很容易就能在手机上进行个性化学习。（it）（汉译英） ______
43. 篮球队的成功有赖于学校的大力支持，学校提供了充足的资金用于购买训练设施等必需品。（provide）（汉译英） ______
八、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
44. 假设你是明启中学的学生李华，你校图书馆打算开展一次主题为"阅读的力量"的读书活动，现向全校学生征集活动方案，写一封信给图书馆，推荐活动方案，内容须包括：
（1）具体的活动安排；
（2）活动的意义。
答案和解析

1.【答案】【小题1】E
【小题2】C
【小题3】A
【小题4】G
【小题5】I
【小题6】B
【小题7】K
【小题8】J
【小题9】D
【小题10】F
【解析】（1）考查形容词。句意：虽然孔雀炫耀其色彩鲜艳的羽毛来吸引配偶和抵御捕食者，但其他鸟类则发现通过模仿别的鸟类的外表来隐藏自己是有利的。"find it+ adj.+to do sth."是固定句型，所以空处应用形容词作宾补。根据"While peacocks（孔雀） show off their brightly colored feathers to attract mates and ward off predators（捕食者）"，While引导让步状语从句，所以这里与上文形成转折，表示的是虽然孔雀展示自己色彩鲜艳的羽毛，但其他鸟类发现模仿别的鸟类外表是有利的。advantageous意为"有利的，有好处的"。故选E。
（2）考查动词。句意：成群的鸟类经常来自同一物种，使得很难区分彼此。根据空前的不定式符号to，这里应用动词原形。根据空后的"one from another"，这里是说难以区分彼此。distinguish意为"区分，辨别"。故选C。
（3）考查名词。句意：然而，有两个或两个以上物种的一些鸟类群体具有相似的外观，这是一种罕见的现象。根据空前的"similar"可知，这里应用名词作宾语。根据下文中的"They all share random features"，这里是说这些鸟的外表相似。appearance意为"外表"，此处不止一只鸟的外表，应用复数。故选A。
（4）考查形容词。句意：它们都有随机的特征，比如头上的羽毛或黄色的腹部，这使它们几乎完全相同。"make+宾语+宾补"是固定结构，分析句子结构，这里应用形容词作宾补。根据下文中的"You can't really tell them apart"，这里是说这些鸟看起来几乎一样。identical意为"完全同样的，相同的"。故选G。
（5）考查名词。句意：如果不看它们的标记，你就无法真正区分它们。根据空前的their，空处应用名词作宾语。根据空前的"without looking at their"，这里是说如果不看这些鸟的标记，就不能把它们区分开，"标记"为名词marking，表示不止一个标记，应用复数。故选I。
（6）考查动名词。句意：他的新研究表明，模仿另一只鸟的外表并不是巧合，而是一种增加它们生存机会的进化方法。根据空后的"another bird's appearance"和第一段中的"by imitating the looks of other birds"，这里是说模仿另一只鸟的外表。imitate意为"模仿"，分析句子结构，suggests后面是一个宾语从句，空处作主语，应用动名词形式imitating。故选B。
（7）考查形容词。句意：看起来像一只优势种类的鸟有助于减少其他成员的攻击，并显得对潜在的捕食者更有威胁。空处应用形容词，作appear的表语。根据句中的"Looking like a bird from a dominant species helps reduce attack from other members"，这里是说外表像优势种类的鸟可以看起来对潜在的捕食者更有威胁。threatening意为"威胁的"。故选K。
（8）考查形容词。句意：你想让物种认为你是有毒的或好处少的目标。根据空前的you're，空处应用形容词作表语。根据or后的low-profitable，前后表达的特征相近，这种特征可以让捕食者打消猎捕的念头，所以让对方认为有毒可以达到目的。poisonous意为"有毒的"。故选J。
（9）考查动词。句意：在对鸟类进行分组时，一种想法是，这更多地与捕食者找出目标的能力有关。空前有不定式符号to，所以空处应用动词原形。根据下文中的"it may be easier for predators to identify an individual that has a distinct color pattern"，捕食者更容易识别有不同特征的鸟，即有找出目标的能力。isolate意为"将……剔出（以便看清和单独处理）"。故选D。
（10）考查形容词。句意：虽然一开始可能看起来不像，但模仿其他鸟类有助于创造更多样化的物种。根据空前的more和空后的species，这里应用形容词作定语，修饰名词species。根据下文中的"their appearance varies over time"，这里是说模仿有助于创造出更加多样的物种。diverse意为"多样化的"。故选F。
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了不同物种模仿其他物种特征的原因。
如何做选词填空
1.根据语法，判断词性
  一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境，确定词形
   当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式，如主谓一致，动词的时态，语态，固定短语，名词的数和所有格，形容词，副词的比较级等。

2~5.【答案】C、B、C、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第三段The "Backpack to the Future" competition was launched to change perceptions，encourage more  diversity within engineering and to show children how they could combine an interest in fashion with a career in STEM （science，technology，engineering or maths）.（发起"未来背包"比赛是为了改变观念，鼓励工程领域的多样性，并向孩子们展示他们如何将对时尚的兴趣与STEM（科学、技术、工程或数学）职业相结合。）可知"背包走向未来"竞赛旨在鼓励STEM在时尚领域的应用。A．introduce the diversity within engineering介绍工程中的多样性；B．develop people's interest in fashion design培养人们对时装设计的兴趣；C．encourage application of STEM to fashion鼓励STEM在时尚中的应用；D．raise the public awareness of air pollution提高公众对空气污染的意识。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第五段"I have an air filter at home because my mum has mild asthma.My Breathe Better Backpack is all about keeping my friends，family and classmates safe using an air filter.It looks cool and will help get kids outside and fight off colds，" said Eleanor. "The first thing that came to mind is that blue is one of my favorite colors and blue feels clean and the bubbles on the outside have a clean theme for breathing."（"我家里有一个空气过滤器，因为我妈妈有轻度哮喘。我的呼吸更好背包是关于使用空气过滤器来保护我的朋友、家人和同学的安全。埃莉诺说："它看起来很酷，有助于让孩子们出去走走，抵御感冒。"我首先想到的是，蓝色是我最喜欢的颜色之一，蓝色感觉很干净，外面的气泡有一个干净的呼吸主题。"）可知埃莉诺发明了the Breathe Better Backpack，通过减少空气污染来帮助那些需要空气过滤器的人。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章第四段Powered by green energy from solar power and a dynamo—a machine that changes mechanical energy into electrical energy—the backpack filters polluted air before fanning out cleaner air nearby.（该背包由太阳能和发电机（一种将机械能转化为电能的机器）提供的绿色能源驱动，在附近扇出更清洁的空气之前过滤污染的空气。）可知这种背包配有一个能量转换器，可以产生新鲜空气。故选C。
（4）标题归纳题。根据文章第一段 A schoolgirl has created a solar-powered backpack that filters （过滤） out air pollution after being inspired by her asthmatic （患哮喘病的） mother.（受患有哮喘的母亲的启发，一名女学生发明了一种太阳能背包，可以过滤空气污染。）可知本文的最佳标题是D．Schoolgirl Creates Bag that Filters out Air Pollution（女学生创造过滤空气污染的背包）。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一位英国北部小镇的12岁女孩Eleanor Woods，她因为母亲患有哮喘而创造了一款太阳能背包，可以过滤空气污染。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
　　阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
　　首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
　　在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
　　猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

6~8.【答案】A、C、B
【解析】（1）数字计算题。根据图片中Single payment部分的信息，如果一次性支付，14期总价110美元可以再打折20%，所以每一期所花费的钱为110×（1-20%）÷14≈6（美元）。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据Q．When will my subscription start？下面的If you do not select a future date your first magazine will the next issue available.（如果你不选择未来的日期，你的第一本杂志将是下一期）可知，如果你忘记设定日期，你的第一本杂志将会是下一期的杂志。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是标题BBC Science Focus Magazine Subscription（BBC科学焦点杂志订阅）可推知，这篇文章的主要目的是提供购买杂志的详细信息。故选B。
本文是一篇应用文。文章是一个网站介绍BBC《科学焦点》杂志的订阅信息。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

9~12.【答案】A、D、D、A
【解析】（1）猜测词义题。根据文章第三段By then，however，scientists already understood that plastics continuously fragment small pieces in the environment，tearing over time into fibers even smaller than a strand of human hair — particles are so small that they easily fly in the air.（然而，到那时，科学家们已经明白，塑料在环境中不断分裂成小碎片，随着时间的推移，撕裂成甚至比人头发丝还小的纤维---颗粒如此之小，以至于它们很容易在空气中飞行。）可知fragment的意思是"分裂，分解"。A．break into分裂；B．take in吸收；C．pick out挑选出来；D．make up组成。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第三段Their conclusion：People will take in more plastic by breathing in or taking tiny，invisible plastic fibers floating in the air around them—fibers from their own clothes，carpets，and soft covering on furniture — than they will by eating the mussels.（他们的结论是：与食用贻贝相比，人们会通过呼吸或吸入漂浮在周围空气中的微小、看不见的塑料纤维---来自自己的衣服、地毯和家具上的柔软覆盖物---来摄入更多的塑料。）可知英国普利茅斯大学的一个团队进行的研究表明，微塑料对贻贝的影响比想象的要小。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段But together they signaled a shift in the focus of concern about plastics toward the cloud of dust particles in the air，some of them are so small that they can get into deep inside the body and even inside cells，in ways that larger microplastics can't（但它们一起标志着人们对塑料的关注焦点转向了空气中的尘埃粒子，其中一些粒子非常小，可以进入身体深处，甚至细胞内部，而较大的微塑料则不能）可知应该更多地关注灰尘颗粒而不是塑料。故选D。
（4）标题归纳题。根据文章第一段As plastic waste increases rapidly around the world，an essential question remains unanswered：What harm，if any，does it cause to human health？（随着塑料垃圾在全球范围内迅速增加，一个基本问题仍未得到解答：它对人类健康造成了什么危害（如果有的话）？）可知本文的最佳标题是A．Are Microplastics Harmful to Us？（微塑料对我们有害吗？）。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了随着塑料垃圾在全球的快速增加，一个重要的问题仍未得到回答：它对人类健康是否有害。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
　　阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
　　首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
　　在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
　　猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

13~16.【答案】C、F、B、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。前文The mobile phone took this technology further，meaning we could make contact with people to and from almost anywhere in the world.（手机进一步推动了这项技术的发展，这意味着我们几乎可以与来自世界任何地方的人联系。）讲述了手机使得和世界任何地方的人联系变得更加方便，后文I don't mean we have taken up letter writing again.（我的意思不是说我们又开始写信了。）提到前面说的事情不是写信。所以空处应是与前文形成转折，且讲述的内容应和写信接近，C项"但是，尽管我们能够即时相互交谈，但我们中的许多人似乎更喜欢通过文本进行交流。"符合题意。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。前文Although a handwritten letter has a personal touch，sending it by post is too slow to satisfy our desire to keep in touch immediately.（尽管一封手写的信具有个人色彩，但邮寄太慢，无法满足我们立即保持联系的愿望。）讲述了用信交流太慢，无法保持即时联系，F项"但我们的智能手机现在允许我们做的事情使我们能够以各种快速、廉价但无声的方式进行交流。"与上文形成转折，指出用智能手机发信息快速、便宜。故选F。
（3）推理判断题。前文Certainly sending an SMS，text or message through a chat app means we can compose what we want to say，and we can be more efficient in saying it — especially if we express ourselves by using emojis（表情符号）.（当然，通过聊天应用程序发送SMS、短信或消息意味着我们可以写下我们想说的话，而且我们可以更有效地表达出来——尤其是如果我们使用表情符号来表达自己。）讲述了用手机发信息可以组织自己想说的话并且可以更有效地表达出来，B项"这也可以比不得不与某人聊天更快，尽管我觉得你通过短信进行全面讨论仍然会浪费时间！"讲述了用手机发信息的另一个好处，It指代上文的"sending an SMS，text or message through a chat app"。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。后文We may even forget the art of pleasantries（客套）.A text can be misinterpreted too because you miss out on a speaker's intonation（语调）.（我们甚至可能忘记了客套的艺术。短信也可能被误解，因为你遗漏了说话者的语调。）讲述了发信息的缺点，A项"但发短信而不是聊天似乎不合群。"与上文讲述的发信息的好处形成转折，衔接下文讲述的发信息的具体坏处。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了用电话发信息和打电话的利弊。
六选四阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。

17~31.【答案】D、B、A、B、D、C、C、A、D、B、A、C、C、D、A
【解析】（1）考查形容词及语境理解。A.instant速食的，短暂的；B.comprehensive综合的；C.fair 公平的；D.creative创造性的，有创造力的。句意：一个物种中的所有个体都能想出创造性的解决方案吗？根据下一句"Or are some individuals more innovative than others？"可知本空应和innovative意思相近。故选D项。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.friendly友好的；B.popular受欢迎的；C.close亲密的；D.faithful忠诚的。句意：在有蹄类动物（例如山羊和马）中，社会中的局外者比它们受欢迎的群体伙伴更有可能创新：如果一个人花时间在群体的外部区域，他们更有可能成功完成解决问题的任务。根据上文"social outsiders  are more likely to innovate"和"if an individual spends time on the outer areas of their group，they are more likely to succeed at a problem-solving task."判断社会中的局外者比它们受欢迎的群体伙伴更有可能创新受欢迎的。故选B项。
（3）考查副词及语境理解。A.Similarly相似地，同样；B.Inevitably不可避免地；C.Apparently显然地；D.Gradually逐步地。句意：同样，在一些灵长类动物和鸟类物种中，研究表明，社会地位较低的个体——即那些经常输掉战斗的人，以及那些没有优先获得宝贵资源的人——往往会进行更多的创新。根据下文"in some species of primates （灵长类动物） and birds，it has been shown that individuals with low social standing — that is，those who regularly lose fights，and who don't have（4）of access to valuable resources — tend to innovate more."和句意判断本句话所描述的情况和上一句描述的情况差不多。故选A项。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.purpose 意图，目的；B.priority优先，优先权；C.pressure 压力；D.potential可能性，潜力。句意：同样，在一些灵长类动物和鸟类物种中，研究表明，社会地位较低的个体——即那些经常输掉战斗的人，以及那些没有优先获得宝贵资源的个体——往往会进行更多的创新。根据上文"lose fights"和下文"access to valuable resources — tend to innovate more."可判断这些动物不能优先获得好的资源。故选B项。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.services公共服务系统，公共事业；B.materials材料；C.goods 商品；D.resources资源。句意：上述例子与这样一种理论相吻合，即最不可能获得优质资源（如食物和住所）的个体最有可能进行创新。根据上一句的"valuable resources"后面的"such as food and shelter"可判断最不可能获得优质资源的动物最有可能进行创新。故选D项。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.pretend假装；B.compete 竞争；C.survive生存，幸存；D.evolve发展，进化。句意：这种"不良竞争对手"理论表明，个体创新是因为他们必须这样做才能生存。根据上一句中"who are least able to gain access to good quality（5），such as food and shelter"，可知这些"不良竞争对手"生存艰难，必须创新才能生存下去。故选C项。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.reluctant 不情愿的；B.excited 激动的；C.motivated有积极性的；D.confused困惑的。句意：你可能会比你更受欢迎（而且吃得很好）的同伴更有动力想出如何打开一个装有食物的容器。根据上文"This "bad competitor" theory suggests that individuals innovate because they must do so to （6）"可知"不良竞争对手"为了生存更有动力想去解决问题。故选C项。
（8）考查副词及语境理解。A.Thus 因此；B.Besides 此外；C.Still 还，还是，仍然；D.Meanwhile同时。句意：因此，成为一个"糟糕的竞争对手"似乎并不是跨物种创新的一般驱动力。根据上一句"However，while there is support for this theory in some species，many species show opposing patterns. "和空格后"being a "bad competitor" doesn't seem to be a general driver of innovation across species."可知空格后为空格前句子的结论。故选A项。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.Emotion情感；B.Gender性别；C.Appearance外表；D.Personality性格，个性。句意：性格似乎对动物的创新能力有更普遍的影响。根据下文"being brave （that is，approaching （10）objects and exploring new environments） was linked to innovative behavior"可知性格对动物的创新能力有更普遍的影响。故选D项。
（10）考查形容词及语境理解。A.living活的；B.novel 新颖的；C.endangered濒危的；D.ideal理想的。句意：一项对37项动物创新研究的综合分析发现，勇敢（即接近新物体和探索新环境）与创新行为有关。根据空后"and exploring new environments"判断and前想表达"接近新物体"与"and exploring new environments"相对应。故选B项。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.Persistence 持久性；B.Intelligence智力；C.Performance 表演；D.Confidence信心。句意：坚持不懈也与从斑胸雀到亚洲象等多种物种的创新有关。根据下文"that is，the braver they are，and the more time they spend trying to solve a problem"可知此处想表达坚持不懈创新。故选A项。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.conflict冲突；B.compare比较；C.interact互动，沟通；D.identify识别。句意：一个个体越有可能与一个新问题互动（也就是说，他们越勇敢，花越多的时间试图解决一个问题（也就是他们越坚持不懈），他们就越有可能找到解决方案。根据下文"that is，the braver they are，and the more time they spend trying to solve a problem （that is，the more persistent they are）"判断这是个体与解决问题的互动。故选C项。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.position位置；B.object 物体，目标；C.solution解决方案；D.chance机会。句意：一个个体越有可能与一个新问题互动（也就是说，他们越勇敢，花越多的时间试图解决一个问题（也就是他们越坚持不懈），他们就越有可能找到解决方案。根据前文"they spend trying to solve a problem"可知，他们就想找到解决方案。故选C项。
（14）考查副词及语境理解。A.absolutely绝对地，完全地；B.fortunately 幸运地；C.definitely当然，确实，确切地；D.particularly特别，尤其。句意：不管个体创新的原因是什么，一旦一个个体找到了问题的解决方案，尤其是涉及资源获取的问题，他们的行为就会像野火一样蔓延。根据第四段的"who are least able to gain access to good quality（5），such as food and shelter"可知资源尤其重要，此处想表达"尤其是涉及资源获取的问题"。故选D项。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.copy复制，模仿；B.change改变；C.influence影响；D.evaluate评估。句意：当群体成员创新时，其他个体会注意，并模仿解决问题的行为。根据上一句中的"their behavior can spread like wildfire"，可知其他个体会模仿创新行为。故选A项。
本文是一篇议论文。文章通过对动物行为的研究探索创新的原因。
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。

32.【答案】【小题1】without
【小题2】left/ have left/ were leaving
【小题3】being understood
【小题4】hiring
【小题5】more productive
【小题6】can/may
【小题7】matter
【小题8】where
【小题9】someone/somebody/one
【小题10】Unless
【解析】（1）考查介词。句意：没有这种理解的关系最终会产生过多的维护工作。根据句子结构及句意可知，空后接名词短语this understanding，表示"没有"，应填介词without。故填without。
（2）考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：他们中的一些人离开了，尽管我身边还有几个朋友。分析句子可知，空处为谓语动词；根据句意以及上一句中的谓语动词had可知，本句表达一些朋友已经离开或是当时正在离开，可用一般过去时、现在完成时或过去进行时；主语是A couple of them，谓语动词应为复数形式。故填left/have left/were leaving。
（3）考查动名词。句意：事实证明，在众多其他因素中，其中一个关键因素是被理解。分析句子和句意可知，空处应为非谓语动词形式，应用动名词形式作表语，表示一般性事实；根据第五段Finally，how do you ensure you are understood？（最后，你如何保证自己被理解？）及本句句意可知，关键因素之一是被理解，故应用动名词的被动语态。故填being understood。
（4）考查现在分词。句意：在雇佣一名关键员工的时候，如果对方很喜欢你，也很理解你，那肯定会很顺利。while引导的时间状语从句中省略了主语和be动词，主语one与动词hire之间形成主动关系，故应用现在分词形式。故填hiring。
（5）考查形容词比较级。句意：这样做的效率会高得多，因为与关系相关的维护成本较低，你可以专注于实际产出。分析句子可知，空处作表语，且有副词far修饰，应填形容词的比较级形式more productive，故填more productive。
（6）考查情态动词。句意：它能够可能会帮助你，甚至当你在寻找投资伙伴，原始资本或商业合资企业时。根据空后动词help和句意可知，空处应为情态动词，表示"能够/可能"，用can或may。故填can/may。
（7）考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：首先，确保那些在商业、管理、个人或家庭等方面对你很重要的人与你保持开放的关系。分析句子可知，空处在定语从句中作谓语，表示"要紧、有关系"；根据句中have和句意可知，应用一般现在时表示客观现实；主语who指代先行词the people，故谓语动词应用原形。故填matter。
（8）考查定语从句。句意：创造一个开放的环境是很重要的，在这里其他人可以讨论建设性的问题或进行困难的讨论。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词environment，先行词在从句中作状语，表示"在这个环境中"，应用关系副词where。故填where。
（9）考查不定代词。句意：关心、尊重别人和诚实是两回事。分析句子和句意可知，空处应为代词，作宾语，泛指"某人；一个人"，可用不定代词someone，或somebody，one等。故填someone/somebody/one。
（10）考查状语从句。句意：除非你被很好地理解，并且有一个开放的关系，否则你不可能诚实。分析句子可知，空处引导状语从句；根据句意可知，空处应用连词unless，表示"除非；如果不"；单词位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Unless。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了人与人之间要保持良好的关系，最关键的就是能够被理解这一观点。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。

33.【答案】was accompanied at/on the piano
【解析】根据括号内词义，"得到钢琴伴奏"可译为be accompanied at/on the piano，本句描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，主语The singer是第三人称单数，所以be动词用was。
故填：was accompanied at/on the piano。
这位歌手由她姐姐用钢琴伴奏。
做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。

34.【答案】was based on the assumption
【解析】根据括号内词义，"基于"可译为be based on，结合提示词及would判断主句用一般过去时，故用was based on（基于）。assumption（假设）做介词on的宾语。
故填：was based on the assumption。
我的选择是基于房价将保持稳定的假设。
做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。

35.【答案】was awarded a certificate
【解析】根据括号内词义，"被授予"可译为be awarded sth.，根据句意可知本句描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时，主语he是第三人称单数，所以be动词用was。"证书"可译为a certificate。
故填：was awarded a certificate。
经过四个月的学习，他获得了证书。
做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。

36.【答案】was not consistent with
【解析】根据括号内词义，"与……不一致"可译为be not consistent with，根据made可知本句用一般过去时，句子主语What the witness said in court是单数，所以横线处的be动词用was。
故填：was not consistent with。
证人在法庭上所说的话与他向警方所作的陈述不一致。
做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。

37.【答案】a comprehensive assessment of the company's future development
【解析】结合汉语提示可知用comprehensive（全面的）作定语修饰名词assessment（评估），a comprehensive assessment做includes的宾语。用of表示所属。"公司未来发展"翻译为" the company's future development"。
故填：a comprehensive assessment of the company's future development。
该报告包括对公司未来发展的全面评估。
考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。

38.【答案】for emergency
【解析】根据括号内词义，"以备急需"可译为for emergency。
故填：for emergency。
我总是带一些额外的现金以备不时之需。
做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。

39.【答案】entitle customers to （get） a replacement or refund
【解析】表示"让某人有权做某事/得到某物"用entitle sb.to do sth./entitle sb.to sth.，作主句谓语动词，根据句意可知句子用一般现在时，且主语The terms of the supermarket为复数形式，故谓语entitle用原形。复数形式customers做entitle的宾语。并列连词or连接（get） a replacement 和refund放在动词不定式符号to后作宾补/或名词replacement和refund作介词to的宾语。
故填：entitle customers to （get） a replacement or refund。
超市的条款规定，顾客在购买低质量产品时有权换货或退款。
考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。

40.【答案】When you order/ordering online，remember to check the information.
【解析】1.因表示的是一般事实，要用一般现在时；2.When you order online是时间状语从句，也可以"when+现在分词"结构，即When ordering online；3.remember to do sth.记得要做某事。
故填：When you order/ordering online，remember to check the information.
在网上下单时，记得核对信息。
考查汉译英，注意汉英之间的差异，汉语与英语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示进行翻译，使句意更通顺。

41.【答案】The ancient town features a number of traditional events/ activities，and it is an ideal/a perfect tourist destination.
【解析】句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，根据题干，本句可翻译为and连接的并列句。"古镇"可表示为ancient town；"以……为特色"可表示为feature；"许多"可表示为a number of；"传统活动"可表示为traditional events/ activities；"绝佳的"可表示为ideal/perfect；"旅游胜地"可表示为tourist destination。
故翻译为：The ancient town features a number of traditional events/ activities，and it is an ideal/a perfect tourist destination.
这个古镇以许多传统活动为特色，是绝佳的旅游胜地。
翻译是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语，按照适当的语序来翻译。

42.【答案】With the app/application，it's easy for users to have personalized learning on their mobile/cell phones.
【解析】句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，本句可用it is+adj.+for sb.to do sth.结构，it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式。"有了"可表示为with；"应用程序"可表示为app/application；"容易"可表示为easy；"在手机上"可表示为on mobile/cell phones；"个性化学习"可表示为personalized learning。
故翻译为：With the app/application，it's easy for users to have personalized learning on their mobile/cell phones.
有了这个应用程序，用户很容易就能在手机上进行个性化学习。
翻译是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语，按照适当的语序来翻译。

43.【答案】The success of the basketball team depends on the great/strong support from the school，as the school （has） provided sufficient funds for the team to purchase/buy training facilities and other necessaries.
【解析】1.因表示的是一般事实，主句要用一般现在时，从句用一般过去时或现在完成时；2.as the school （has） provided sufficient funds for the team to purchase/buy training facilities and other necessaries是原因状语从句，to purchase/buy training facilities and other necessaries是动词不定式作目的状语；3.depend on依靠；provide ...for提供。
故填：The success of the basketball team depends on the great/strong support from the school，as the school （has） provided sufficient funds for the team to purchase/buy training facilities and other necessaries.
篮球队的成功有赖于学校的大力支持，学校提供了充足的资金用于购买训练设施等必需品。
考查汉译英，注意汉英之间的差异，汉语与英语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示进行翻译，使句意更通顺。

44.【答案】Dear Sir or Madam，
Knowing that our library is planning to hold an activity called "The Power of Reading"，I'm writing to give some recommendations.（话题）
First，we can set up a reading corner in each class，encouraging students to bring their own books to the corner and share them with others.【高分句型一】In addition，we can also call on students to write their reading feelings and give rewards to those who submit the best ones. 【高分句型二】What's more，a composition competition should be held on behalf of the library.Every student has access to the competition.（具体的活动安排）
Such activities not only offer us joy and excitement，but also encourage us to think critically.I'd appreciate it if you could take my recommendations into account.（活动意义）
Yours sincerely， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：First，we can set up a reading corner in each class，encouraging students to bring their own books to the corner and share them with others.
译文：首先，我们可以在每节课上设立一个阅读角，鼓励学生把自己的书带到阅读角并与他人分享。
分析：这句话使用了现在分词短语encouraging students to bring their own books to the corner and share them with others作状语。
高分句型二：In addition，we can also call on students to write their reading feelings and give rewards to those who submit the best ones.
译文：此外，我们还可以呼吁学生写下他们的阅读感受，并对提交最好的人给予奖励。
分析：这句话使用了who引导的定语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。