专题35.选择性必修第4册　Unit 4　Sharing---2023届高三英语总复习 （人教版2019）

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Unit 4　Sharing  重点词汇阅读单词1．weed n．杂草；野草vt.& vi.除杂草2．clay n．黏土；陶土3．bubble vi.起泡；沸腾4．jaw n．颌；下巴5．circus n．马戏团6．hut n．简陋的小房子(或棚、舍)7．fireplace n．壁炉8．saucer n．茶碟；杯托9．kettle n．(烧水用的)壶；水壶10．pan n．平底锅；烤盘11．jar n．罐子；坛子12．grill n．烤架；烤肉餐馆13．doorway n．门口；出入口；门道14．leftover adj.吃剩的；残留的n.吃剩的食物；遗留物15．handshake n．握手16．chorus n．合唱曲；合唱团vt.合唱；齐声说17．plug vt.封堵；补足n.堵塞物；插头；插座18．tablet n．平板电脑；便笺本；药片19．contract vt.感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约)n.合同；契约20．grant vt.同意；准许n.拨款21．jam n．果酱；堵塞22．tube n．管子；管状物23．washroom n．洗手间；厕所24．tune n．曲调；曲子vt.调音；调节；调频道25．relay vt.转发；转播n.接力赛；接班的人26．cardiac adj.心脏病的；心脏的27．circuit n．巡回；环形线路28．hypothetical adj.假设的；假定的29．Papua New Guinea 巴布亚新几内亚(国家名)30．Ghana 加纳(国家名)31．Congo 刚果(国家名)32．Panama 巴拿马(国家名)重点单词1．parcel n．包裹vt.裹好；打包2．mail n．邮件；信件；邮政vt.邮寄；发电邮给3．secondary adj.中学的；次要的4．privilege n．优惠待遇；特权5．cotton n．棉布；棉花6．uniform n．校服；制服adj.一致的；统一的7．lately adv.最近；不久前；近来8．shade vt.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗n.阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分9．rigid adj.死板的；固执的10．wrinkle vt.& vi.(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起 n．皱纹11．forehead n．额；前额12．housing n．住房；住宅13．platform n．平台；站台；舞台14．drag vt.拖；拽 vt.& vi.缓慢而费力地移动15．resign vi.& vt.辞职；辞去16．input n．情况；信息；投入；输入 vt.输入17．criterion n．(pl.criteria)标准；准则；原则18．pray vi.& vt.企盼；祈祷词汇拓展1．dust n．沙土；灰尘vi.& vt.擦灰→dusty adj.布满灰尘的2．rubber n．橡皮；黑板擦；橡胶→rub vt.& vi.擦；摩擦；揉；搓3．chemist n．化学家；药剂师；药房→chemistry n．化学→chemical adj.化学的4．ripe adj.成熟的；时机成熟的→ripen vt.& vi.(使)成熟5．disabled adj.有残疾的；丧失能力的→disability n．缺陷；障碍→disable vt.使(某人)残废；使……无能6．deserve vt.值得；应得；应受→deserving adj.值得的；应得的7．consultation n．咨询；咨询会→consult vt.咨询；请教→consultant n．顾问8．stability n．稳定(性)；稳固(性)→stable adj.稳定的；牢固的→unstable adj.不稳定的重点词组1．a chorus of 齐声；异口同声2．not to mention 更不用说；且不说3．take for granted 认为……是理所当然；对……不予重视4．relay to 转达给……；转发给……5．pray that 但愿重点句型1．It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds.我只要几分钟就走到学校了，路上尘土飞扬，杂草丛生。2．The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere!不久前的一天，我正给男孩子们演示一个化学实验，我还没有明白怎么回事，混合剂就从试管里冒了出来，溅的到处都是！3．Lately，all of us have seen Chinese people on TV in far-off places in the world，helping other countries to develop.最近，我们都在电视上看到中国人民在世界上遥远的地方帮助其他国家发展。4．And we see Chinese miners，oil workers，agricultural experts，mechanics，and doctors working in nearly every corner of the world.我们看到中国矿工、石油工人、农业专家、机械师和医生几乎在世界的每个角落工作。5．Now，not only are Tanzanians helped by the hospital，but people in neighbouring countries are helped as well.现在，不仅坦桑尼亚人得到了医院的帮助，邻国的人们也得到了帮助。  知识点01 drag vt.拖；拉；扯 vt.& vi.缓慢而费力地移动先练基础——单句语法填空(1)The chemist with wrinkles               (drag) the dusty parcel from under the bed and unfolded it.【答案】dragged 读后续写之手的肢体动作：drag/draw/pull拉；cup one’s hands over...把手窝成杯状；slide one’s hands into...将手伸进；put one’s hands to one’s cheeks用双手捂住脸；spread one’s hands摊开双手 再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(2)这位父亲站起来，盯着大儿子的眼睛，把手窝成杯状托住儿子的脸。The man stood up，gazed in the eyes of his oldest son and cupped his hands over his son’s face.(3)汤姆打开车门，把司机拽出来，把他送到警察局。Tom opened the car door，dragged the driver out and sent him to the police station.知识点2  privilege n．特权；特别优待；优惠待遇v．给予特权；特别优待先练基础——单句语法填空(1)I take it for granted that I have the privilege               (enter) the lab at my will.(2)I am               (privilege) to relay to you that you have won the first prize in the competition.＝It is               to relay to you that you have won the first prize in the competition.【答案】1. to enter2.privileged，a privilege  •It is a privilege to do sth.做某事是一种殊荣。have the privilege to do/of doing sth.有特权做某事•privileged adj.有特权的；受特别优待的be privileged to do sth.有幸做某事 再提能力——完美写作·词汇升级·背诵(3)(简单表达)I am greatly honored to deliver a speech on how to protect the environment.(高级表达)I am greatly privileged to deliver a speech on how to protect the environment.知识点3   deserve vi.& vt.应受；应得；值得先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Although he resigned，he still did whatever he could to help the disabled，so he deserved               .(praise)＝Although he resigned，he still did whatever he could to help the disabled，so he deserved               .(praise)＝Although he resigned，he still did whatever he could to help the disabled，so he deserved               .(praise)【答案】1.praising，to be praised，praise deserve sth.值得；应得某事/物deserve doing/to be done值得被……(此处用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，类似用法的动词还有：need，want，require等)deserve it(口语)活该；自作自受 再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(2)面对新冠疫情的爆发，我姑姑毫不犹豫地前往武汉，在那里，她帮助挽救了成百上千的生命。因此，我姑姑值得尊敬。Faced with the outbreak of COVID-19，my aunt went to Wuhan without hesitation，where she helped to save hundreds of lives.So my aunt deserves respect/respecting/to be respected.知识点4  take...for granted认为……是理所当然；对……不予重视•take it for granted that＋从句　认为……理所当然•take...seriously认真对待……take one’s time不用急；慢慢来take pride in以……自豪take charge of负责，掌管take advantage of利用 能力提升——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(1)我们总是一厢情愿地认为地球可以提供给我们无穷无尽的自然资源，因此我们过度开发资源。We always take it for granted that the earth can provide us with limitless natural resources，so we overdevelop the resources.(2)上个月我负责演讲活动时，我认真对待这件事。我充分利用每个向同学寻求建议的机会，因此我完美地组织了这次活动。我的所有同学都以我为骄傲。When I took charge of the speech activity last month，I took it seriously.I took advantage of every chance to ask my classmates for their opinions so that I organized the activity perfectly.All of my classmates took pride in me.知识点5  be doing...when...The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere！不久前的一天，我正给男孩子们演示一个化学实验，我还没有明白怎么回事，混合剂就从试管里冒了出来，溅的到处都是！先练基础——单句语法填空(1)We                 (swim) in the lake when suddenly the storm started.(2)Tom had just fallen asleep                 someone knocked at the door.(3)The thief was about to put his hand into the lady’s handbag                 the bus suddenly stopped.【答案】1.were swimming2.when 3.when  句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时突然”。when表示“这时突然”之意，还用于以下三种句型：•be about to do...when...正要做……突然……•be on the point of doing...when...正要做……突然……•had (just) done...when...刚做完……这时突然…… 再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(4)我们正要离开时隔壁房间突然发出了巨大的响声。We were about to leave/were on the point of leaving when a big noise came from the next room.(5)我正在上网搜索相关信息我的手机突然响了。I was searching the Internet for the relevant information when my cellphone rang. 短语英语中的短语是有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。从形式结构角度划分，英语的短语可分为名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语等。英语短语的句法功能通常与对应的单词的句法功能类似。[观察例句]1．So I've been here in the jungle for about a month now.2．My secondary school is a bush school.3．It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds.4．I've had to become much more imaginative in my teaching.5．Right now I'm feeling very excited.[归纳用法]1．例句1中的黑体部分为介词短语。2．例句2中的黑体部分为名词短语。3．例句3中的黑体部分为动词短语。4．例句4中的黑体部分为形容词短语。5．例句5中的黑体部分为副词短语。一、名词短语名词与它的修饰语一起即构成名词短语。完整的名词短语由三个部分组成：限定词、修饰词、名词。名词短语可以充当句子中的主语、宾语、表语等成分。many good students 许多优秀的学生his beautiful wife 他美丽的妻子the best answer 最好的答案those sweet roses 那些甜美的玫瑰These red roses are for you.(作主语)这些红玫瑰是送给你的。He brought a new book with him.(作宾语) 他带来了一本新书。He is my best friend.(作表语)他是我最好的朋友。名词短语的三个部分并非每一次都要同时出现，在特定场合下，这三个部分都有可能省略。修饰词是名词短语中最不重要的部分，如果不需要描述名词的状态特征则完全可以省略。比如a book同样是正确的名词短语。如果说话人确信听众知道自己在讨论什么东西，则名词也可以省略。比如Of those answers，this one is the best.这里的the best指的就是the best answer。在面对面交流的时候，修饰词和名词有时甚至可以一起省略。假设你在花店，用手指向一捧玫瑰花，对花店老板说“I want those.”的话，花店老板很清楚你想要什么。[即学即练1]找出下列句中的名词短语，并指出其作什么成分。①I have three close friends. ②There are some red roses on that small table. ③The cute boy wearing blue jeans is my brother. 【答案】1.three close friends作宾语2.some red roses作主语；that small table作宾语3.the cute boy作主语；blue jeans作宾语；my brother作表语 二、形容词短语形容词短语是指由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。1．两个或多个形容词可以由and，but等对等连词连接，构成形容词短语。Your room is large and beautiful.(作表语)你的房间大且美丽。He is young but clever.(作表语)他年轻但聪明。2．very等程度副词作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语。It is very hot today.(作表语)今天很热。The road is long enough.(作表语)这路够长的。3．介词及其宾语可用在形容词后修饰形容词，可与形容词构成形容词短语。I am sure of success.(作表语)我确信会成功的。The bottle is full of water.(作表语)瓶子里装满了水。4．不定式在形容词后作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语。He is sure to come.(作表语)他一定会来的。[名师点津]形容词短语在句中还可以作状语和后置定语。1．形容词短语作状语说明主语的情况，可以表示动作或状态发生的原因、方式、时间等，或对谓语作补充说明。Afraid of difficulty，he prefers to do the easy maths problem.(作原因状语)他害怕困难，宁愿做容易的数学题。The lost boy spent three days in the forest cold and hungry.(作伴随状语)那个迷路的男孩又冷又饿地在森林中过了三天。Wet or fine，he got up at six and took a walk in the park.(作让步状语)不管天晴还是下雨他总是六点起床在公园里散散步。2．形容词短语作后置定语Factories，big or small，can be seen there.在那里你可以看到大大小小的工厂。The house worth is 500，000 yuan was sold by his son.那栋价值高达五十万人民币的房子被他儿子卖掉了。[即学即练2]找出下列句中的形容词短语，并指出其作什么成分。①Glad to accept，the girl nodded her agreement. ②The room was awfully dirty. ③He cast it a second time，and drew in an old basket full of sand. 【答案】1.glad to accept作原因状语2.awfully dirty作表语3.full of sand作后置定语三、副词短语副词短语是指由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语。在句中主要作状语。1．两个或多个副词可以由and，but等对等连词构成副词短语。I tried again and again.(作状语)我试了一遍又一遍。2．very，extremely，clearly等程度副词作修饰语，可与其他副词构成副词短语。He runs extremely fast.(作状语)他跑得快极了。The teacher speaks clearly enough.(作状语)老师说得够清楚的。3．其他类型的副词短语I was so deeply moved by his deeds that I couldn't fall asleep deep into the night.(作状语)他的行为深深打动了我，在深夜我无法入睡。We air the bedrooms every day.(作状语)我们每天给卧室通通风。[即学即练3]　找出下列句中的副词短语①He can finish that much quicker. ②She types quickly and correctly. ③That man talked too much. 【答案】1.much quicker2.quickly and correctly3.too much 四、动词短语动词短语就是有些动词可以和一些别的词构成短语(以动词为中心)，表达一个概念，其作用和一个单独动词差不多的一种固定搭配。在实际使用中，通常会把动词短语当成一个整体。动词短语的搭配可分为下列五种基本类型：1．动词＋介词go over 复习，listen to 听，think about 考虑，look for 寻找，rely/depend on 依靠，look into 调查，play with 玩，send for 派人去请，consist of 由……构成，arrive at 到达He wants to check with his secretary before he signs the paper.在签署该项文件之前，他想跟他的秘书商议一下。He has been asked to account for his absence.他已被要求说明缺席的原因。2．动词＋副词eat up 吃光，give up 放弃，hold up 举起，put on 穿，上演，turn on 打开，try on 试穿They were so far away that I couldn't make out their faces clearly.他们离得那么远，我没法把他们的脸辨认清楚。Trains stop here in order to pick up passengers only.火车在这里停车，只让乘客上车。[名师点津]“动词＋副词”这类短语动词较容易出错。这类短语动词的宾语若是名词，这个宾语可在短语的中间，亦可在短语的后面。如：Turn the light on.或 Turn on the light.宾语若是代词，这个宾语只能放在短语的中间。如：Turn it on.3．动词＋副词＋介词catch up with 赶上，get on with 与……相处，keep up with 跟上，do away with 废除，look down upon 轻视，look forward to 期待，keep away with 脱离，go on with 继续Have the lawyers checked up on the court proceedings very carefully?律师们是否打算把法庭的记录仔细审查一遍呢？There are some things that teachers will not put up with.有些事情教师是不会容忍的。4．动词＋名词＋介词catch hold of 抓住，give lessons to 给……上课，make friends with 与……交朋友，take care of 照料We must keep pace with the new development of modern scientific research.我们必须跟上现代科学研究的新发展。People who take part in sports must be in condition.参加运动的人一定能保持良好的健康状态。5．动词＋形容词＋介词be fond of 爱好，be familiar with 熟悉，be suitable for 适合于，be late for 迟到，be good at 擅长于，be afraid of 害怕Others may be fond of titles and honors，but I am not.人皆好名，我则不然。You coward! What are you afraid of?你这胆小鬼！你怕什么呢？[即学即练4]　找出下列句中的动词短语①I don't get on with the people at work. ②I don't much care for television. ③I'm afraid I'll have to ring off.Someone is calling me. 【答案】1.get on with2.care for3.ring off五、介词短语介词短语是介词和其他代词或名词或词组搭配形成的短语。在句中作状语、表语、补语、定语等。1．常见的介词短语(1)介词＋名词：at the door，into the bag(2)介词＋代词：for me，of others(3)介词＋动名词：in doing so，to my saying that(4)介词＋连接副词/连接代词/what从句：over what he had better do(5)介词＋连接副词/连接代词＋不定式：on how to do this(6)介词＋介词短语：from across the street，until after dinner(7)介词＋副词：from below(8)介词＋复合结构：with the light on(9)介词＋不定式(but/except)：...did nothing but sleep2．介词短语的用法(1)用作表语The house is in fairly good condition.这所房子状况尚好。She looks like her mother.她像她母亲。(2)用作宾语Choose a book from among these.从这些书中选一本吧。The window is never opened except in summer.除夏天外，这扇窗户从未打开。(3)用作定语I like the design on his tie.我喜欢他领带上的图案。I've decided to leave on the afternoon of the 18th.我决定18号下午离开。(4)用作状语Mr Smith was injured in the war.史密斯先生在战争期间受过伤。He walked by me without noticing me.他从我身旁走过而没有注意到我。(5)用作补语Kelly is employed as a mechanic.(宾语补足语)凯利受雇当技工。He is regarded as the best doctor in town.(主语补足语)他被认为是本城最好的医生。[即学即练5]　找出下列句中的介词短语①A man stepped out from behind the wall. ②Change the oil in the car every 5，000 miles. ③I saw him walking along the street. 【答案】1.from behind the wall2.in the car3.along the street Ⅰ.指出下列句中的黑体部分属于哪种类型的短语1．The kids are playing on the grass rather happily.               2．They picnicked in the woods.               3．I won't go home until after the exam.               4．It was no surprise when we were told that our grandfather had passed away.              5．Do you know the reason why the automobile breaks down？              6．At last，the police found out the car full of drugs.                Ⅱ.完成句子1．I can                              to catch you at least.我跑得足够快，至少能抓到你。2．I know he is slow at understanding，but you have to                             ．我知道他理解力差，但你得对他耐心些。3．Did you do this                             ? 你这样做是有意的还是无意的？4．This is an article                             ．这是一篇很值得研究的文章。5．They need more materials relevant to                             ．他们需要更多的和目前问题有关的资料。【答案】1. run fast enough2.be patient with him3.by design or by accident4.worthy of careful study5.the present question 演讲稿演讲稿包括发言稿、致辞、竞选稿等，句子要求短小精悍、铿锵有力。赞成什么、反对什么要旗帜鲜明，不能模棱两可。[基本框架]1．称呼语：最常用的是ladies and gentlemen，也可根据情况选用my dear friends；hello，everyone等。2．具体内容：开门见山，提出主题，对主题要进行清楚、客观的论述，最后简明扼要地总结演讲。3．结尾：最常用的结尾是Thank you for your listening。[常用词块]1．like to help strangers喜欢帮助陌生人2．be full of love充满爱3．need others' help需要别人的帮助4．appeal for aid恳求援助5．hold a heated discussion开展热烈的讨论6．poor children in need in remote areas需要帮助的偏远地区的贫困儿童7．make our society more harmonious让社会更加和谐8．lack necessities of life缺少生活必需品9．be badly in need of our assistance急需我们的帮助10．with our joint efforts在我们的共同努力下[常用语句]★夺人眼球开头句My name is...Today I am very glad to have the opportunity to make this presentation.I shall be speaking about...我是……今天很高兴能有机会做这个演讲。我演讲的内容是……Good morning，everyone! It is my great honor to share with you my opinions on...大家上午好！很荣幸能和你们分享一下关于……我的看法。It's my honour to stand here and say something about friendship.站在这里，谈谈关于友谊的话题对我来说是件荣幸的事情。★亮点出彩主体句The topic of my speech today is...我今天演讲的主题是……As far as I am concerned，I think it is a good idea to...就我而言，我认为……是一个好主意。I would like to concentrate on the problem of...我想把重点集中在……问题上。As is known to us all，failure is the mother of success，but few people can really understand what the saying means.我们都知道失败是成功之母，可是很少有人真正理解这句格言的真谛。★韵味无穷结尾句Thanks for your listening (to my speech)．感谢大家倾听我的演讲。That's all I want to say about this point.关于这一点，我就讲这些。 假如你是李华，现任学校学生会主席。最近，你所在的城市正开展“帮助贫困孩子”的活动。你将代表学生会起草一份演讲稿，号召同学们帮助这些孩子们，并利用暑假时间积极到边远地区去参加志愿者活动。主要包括以下要点：1．介绍贫困孩子的现状；2．呼吁同学们参加活动。注意：1.词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头语和结束语已给出，不计词数。Dear brothers and sisters，Good morning，everyone! I'm Li Hua，chairman of the Students' Union.                                                                                Thanks for your listening.【参考范文】Dear brothers and sisters，Good morning，everyone! I'm Li Hua，chairman of the Students' Union.I am earnestly calling for your active participation in the campaign to be held in our city，whose theme is to help poor children in need in remote areas.Far away from the city，many children of our age are terribly lacking in necessities of life.Besides，good education is unavailable for them.What's worse，some are living alone without their parents' company.They are badly in need of our assistance now.Do not hesitate to join us to be a volunteer in such a meaningful event.I have a firm belief that with our joint efforts，the children there will surely have a brighter future.Thanks for your listening.   题组A  基础过关练Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题1分，共8分)1．The               on the premier’s face suggest that he is no longer young.2．I am               to have a chance to share my experience with all of you.3．She takes great pride in wearing school               to stand for her school.4．Young people often take it for               that parents should satisfy whatever they desire.5．This man               his status as one of the most popular composers in Western musical history.6．The               of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species(物种) that depend on the trees’ flowers and fruits.7．His parents were annoyed to hear that he had               (辞职) from the company.8．We were disappointed that they insisted on such a               (死板的) explanation of the rules.【答案】1.wrinkles 2.privileged 3.uniform 4.granted 5.deserves 6.shade 7.resigned8.rigidⅡ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共12分)9．The house had been vacant for a long time，so it was very               (dust)．10．I               with a               about how to run my business well last week.(consult)11．This is an issue               attention.That is，the issue               paying attention to.(deserve)12．The               are often laughed at because of their               .(disable)13．I am keen on               ，so I desire to be a               studying               changes.(chemistry)14．We can live a               life because of economic               .(stable)【答案】9.dusty10.consulted ，consultant 11.deserving ，deserves 12.disabled ，disabilities13.chemistry，chemist ，chemical 14.stable ，stabilityⅢ.经典句型仿写(每小题2分，共10分)15．每天我花费三个小时完成家庭作业。 16．我正在读一本有趣的小说，这时妈妈冲了进来。                                                        .17．我喜欢读历史经典作品，这使我能够欣赏中国语言之美。I enjoy reading classical works of history，                                                        18．我看见他们在公园里吵架呢。                                          .19．塑料袋不仅造成严重污染而且它们对人们的健康有害。                                           but (also) they do harm to people’s health.【答案】15.It takes me three hours to finish my homework every day.16.I was reading an interesting novel when my mother rushed in17.enabling/which enables me to appreciate the beauty of the Chinese language18.I saw them quarreling with each other in the park19.Not only can plastic bags cause serious pollution 题组B  能力提升练Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking部分Jo worked at a bush school 1.              classrooms were made of bamboo and the roofs of grass.There’s no electricity 2.              running water.It took some students about two hours              (get) to school.The other day，Jo was showing the boys 4.              experiment when the mixture was bubbling over everywhere and the boys started jumping out of the windows.Jo doubted              she was making any 6.              (different) to the children’s lives by teaching them.Jo and Jenny visited Tombe’s home.When they arrived at the village，Tombe’s mother started 7.              (cry) “ieee ieee”．Tombe’s father led them to his house，a low，round bamboo hut with grass 8.              (stick) out of the roof，where they could only see a few saucers，a kettle，cups，pans and a couple of jars.What they              (eat) were sweet potatoes，corn and greens.That night Jo and Jenny slept on a 10.              (new) made platform.They left the village the next morning after many goodbyes and firm handshakes.【答案】1.whose 2.or 3.to get4.an 5.whether/if 6.difference7.crying/to cry8.sticking9.ate10.newly请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：短语)Lately I have resigned from my present job and signed a contract with a secondary school for the disabled in a remote village.At first my parents opposed my decision，but now they are singing a different 1.              .For me，it is a 2.              to teach in the school.Every day I am greeted by a chorus of “good morning.” The dusty clay huts act as classrooms，whose doorways are very narrow and there are no rubbers，tubes for chemical experiments or platforms.With the campus full of weeds，there are no washrooms.Students don’t wear cotton 3.              .All the students’ housing is quite simple.The only possessions are saucers，fireplaces，kettles，pans，jars and grills，not to mention 4.              and other modern devices that we take for granted.They eat ripe rice and they even don’t throw away leftovers.In my spare time，I do a 5.              of the villages to help those with disabilities and provide them with consultation.I want to relay to people that the disabled need help and I 6.              that more and more people can be volunteers.【答案】1.tune2.privilege 3.uniforms4.tablets 5.circuit 6.pray   题组C  培优拔尖练AIn an effort to inform our citizens to clear the street snow，the city adopts a snow removal plan.Routes used by City Emergency Services come first.Secondly，connector streets will be cleared which allow citizens the greatest access to public roads.And thirdly，roads within neighborhoods will be cleared.Snow removal and ice control will start when：* Snow accumulates 4 inches or more.* Weather conditions do not endanger the safety of road crew.* Snow falls during peak traffic periods of heavy use of main streets.Snow and ice removal will be delayed or cancelled when：* There is severe cold，significant wind and limited visibility.* The snowfall occurs on the weekend or a holiday and is not considered a threat to public safety.In that case，snow and ice removal may take place on the next normal weekday.* Snow and ice may be left on roadways if melting is obvious.Your cooperation is requested during snow removal and these suggestions may apply：* Limit travel during storms.Travel is possible once roads have been cleared or salted by the road crew.* Avoid removing snow from your driveway into the road.Pile the snow in your yard.* Park your vehicles in your driveways and off the road or sidewalks.* Keep public sidewalks next to your house clear of snow and ice.* Be responsible for removing this snow which is thrown by the snow plough(犁) from your driveways.Hopefully，you can understand this inconvenience.语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了城市的除雪工作，注意事项和市民如何进行配合的指导意见。 1．When will the snow have to be removed?A．If it reaches a certain thickness.B．If the main streets are not busy.C．If the snow and ice begin to melt.D．If extreme weather makes roads dangerous.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Snow accumulates 4 inches or more.”可知，当积雪达到一定厚度时，就必须开始除雪工作。故选A。2．What should citizens do to cooperate in the snow removal?A．Help to put the salt on the road.B．Pile the snow nearby to the road.C．Throw the snow into the driveways.D．Clear the sidewalks close to their houses.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段倒数第二句“Keep public sidewalks next to your house clear of snow and ice.”可知，市民需要清理他们家附近的公共人行道上的冰雪。故选D。3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?A．Clearance of emergency routes is a priority.B．Snow and ice must be removed on the weekends.C．Citizens play the most important role in snow removal.D．The poster is to inform citizens of an oncoming heavy snow.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Routes used by City Emergency Services come first.”可知，城市应急服务线路优先，也就是说清除紧急通道是一项优先事项。故选A。BMore than ￡5,500 has been raised after a plea(请愿) last Monday by a vet Dr Scott Miller.Scott said，“I would like to say a massive thank-you to Express readers from myself，from Australia and from the koalas.It’s amazing that people from across the world can see how significant the catastrophe has been.I do appreciate that people are being very supportive and reaching into their pockets.” An area，a third of the size of Britain is estimated to have been ravaged(毁坏) since the blazes(火灾) began in September.On Friday，a state of emergency was declared in the capital Canberra，with residents told to prepare to evacuate as fires on the outskirts(市郊) threatened to spread.A billion animals are feared to have died，including 25,000 koalas.Last week Scott told how he had visited his homeland，helping to save wildlife on Kangaroo Island off the coast of Adelaide.While there he rescued a mother and a baby koala who were stuck in a tree.The pair were rushed to a field hospital on the island to be treated.The mum had severe burns to her paws and was badly dehydrated(脱水的)，while her baby son had an eye injury and was underweight.Scott，who has appeared on ITV’s This Morning and BBC’s Blue Peter，said the mother is showing “great signs of improvement” and her wounds are starting to heal.The baby has undergone surgery to his eye and is “recovering from the anesthetic(麻药) and doing well”．But he added，“The mother remains dehydrated so it isn’t producing enough milk to feed the baby.At the moment they’re being housed severally but there is the hope that when the baby is a little stronger he will be able to be returned to his mother.” Even after they recover，the pair will probably spend their lives in an enclosure while the bush takes years to recover.Scott said，“Sadly patients are still coming in thick and fast.Each of these animals is requiring to be housed and fed，and regular medical treatment to their injuries.”语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了在澳大利亚森林大火后受伤的考拉得到了人们尤其是Dr Scott救助的故事。 4．What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs?A．Dr Scott donated more than ￡5,500.B．Residents were asked to move to Canberra.C．Numerous animals might have lost their lives.D．A large area of Britain has been badly damaged by the fire.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“A billion animals are feared to have died，including 25,000 koalas.”可推知，大量的动物可能因为火灾失去了生命。故选C。5．What did Dr Scott do after returning to his homeland?A．He was rushed to the field hospital to receive treatment.B．He assisted to rescue the wildlife on Kangaroo Island.C．He hosted the ITV’S This Morning.D．He fed the underweight baby koala.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Last week Scott told how he had visited his homeland，helping to save wildlife on Kangaroo Island off the coast of Adelaide.”可知，上周 Scott讲述了他如何访问自己的祖国，帮助拯救阿德莱德海岸袋鼠岛上的野生动物。故选 B。6．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A．Separately.   B．Seriously.C．Successfully.   D．Sympathetically.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句后半部分“...but there is the hope that when the baby is a little stronger he will be able to be returned to his mother.”的句意及句中表示转折关系的连词 but 可判断此处单词为“分别地，各自地”之意，故选 A。7．What’s the best title of the passage?A．A Big Australian FireB．People’s Generous DonationC．Koalas’ RecoveryD．Rescuing KoalasD【解析】标题归纳题。通读全文并结合第三段第一句“Last week Scott told how he had visited his homeland，helping to save wildlife on Kangaroo Island off the coast of Adelaide.”可知，本文主要介绍了在澳大利亚森林大火后受伤的考拉得到了人们尤其是Dr Scott救助的故事，故选D。CWhy are some people better able to fight off the flu than others? Part of the answer，according to a new study，is related to the first flu strain we encounter in childhood.Scientists from UCLA and the University of Arizona have found that people’s ability to fight off the flu virus is determined not only by the subtypes of flu they have had throughout their lives，but also by the sequence(顺序) in which they have been infected by those viruses.Their study was published in the open-access journal PLoS Pathogens.The research offers an explanation for why some people become much worse than others when infected with the same strain of the flu virus.In addition，UCLA scientists，including Professor James Lloyd-Smith，who was also a senior author of the PLoS Pathogens research，recently completed a study that analyzed travel-related screening for the 2019 novel coronavirus(新型冠状病毒)．The researchers reported that screening travelers is not very effective for the 2019 coronavirus—that it will catch less than half of infected travelers，on average—and that most infected travelers are undetectable，meaning that they have no symptoms yet，and are unaware that they have been exposed.So stopping the spread of the virus is not simply a matter of enhancing screening methods at airports and other travel centers.“This puts the onus(责任，负担) on government officials and public health officials to follow up with travelers after they arrive，to isolate them and trace their contacts if they get sick later，” said Lloyd-Smith，a UCLA professor of ecology and evolutionary biology.“Many governments have started to impose quarantines(隔离)，or even travel bans，as they realize that screening is not sufficient to stop the spread of the coronavirus.” One major concern，Lloyd-Smith said，is that other countries，especially developing nations，lack the infrastructure and resources for those measures，and are therefore vulnerable to importing the disease.“Much of the public health world is very concerned about the virus being introduced into Africa or India，where large populations exist that do not have access to advanced medical care，” he said.语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。面对疫情，我们在做好自身防护的同时，是否存有这样的疑问：为什么在疫情爆发的地区，同一环境下有人被感染，有人却能安然无恙？为什么有些人不易被流感病毒感染。文章主要讲述了一项新的科学研究，来说明人们抵抗病毒的能力。 8．What is the significance of the scientists’ research?A．It explains the cause of the flu virus.B．It reduces the risk of people being infected.C．It analyzes people’s ability to fight off the virus.D．It stops the spread of the flu virus all around the world.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，这项研究解释了为什么有些人在感染了相同毒株的流感病毒后会变得比其他人更糟糕。由此可知，这项科学研究的意义就是分析了人们对抗病毒的能力。故选C。9．What do we know about the novel coronavirus from Paragraph 3?A．Travelers are at high risk of being exposed to it.B．It is more difficult to stop its spread than expected.C．Most travelers infected with it are detected by screening.D．It spreads especially quickly at airports and railway stations.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段可知，研究人员报告说，对旅行者进行筛查对2019年冠状病毒感染并不是很有效——平均来说，只有不到一半的受感染旅行者会被检测到——而且大多数受感染的旅行者是检测不到的，这意味着他们还没有症状，而且不知道他们已经接触了病毒。由此可知关于新型冠状病毒，阻止它的传播比预期的要困难，故选B。10．Why does the writer mention Lloyd-Smith’s words in Paragraph 4?A．To persuade people not to travel.B．To provide a method to kill the virus.C．To show the harmful effects of the virus.D．To stress the responsibilities of officials.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段可知，史密斯的意思是政府要重视隔离和追踪接触者，即史密斯是在强调政府官员的责任。故选D。11．Which of the following best explains the underlined word “vulnerable” in the last paragraph?A．Weak.   B．Impossible.C．Responsible.   D．Indifferent.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词前半句可知，劳埃德·史密斯说，一个主要的担忧是，其他国家，特别是发展中国家，缺乏采取这些措施的基础设施和资源，由此可知后半句意为“因此很容易输入这种疾病”，因此推断vulnerable的意思是“易受攻击的，脆弱的”，故选A。