专题30.选择性必修第3册　Unit 4　Adversity and Courage---2023届高三英语总复习 （人教版2019）

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Unit 4　Adversity and Courage   重点词汇阅读单词1．adversity n．           2．expedition n．           3．endurance n．           4．steward n．           5．crush vt.           6．stove n．           7．belongings n．[pl.]           8．banjo n．           9．miserable adj.           10．voyage n．& vi.           11．cosy adj.           12．selfish adj.           13．good/bad-tempered adj.           14．rugby n．           15．rough adj.           16．navigator n．           17．Confucianism n．           18．Antarctica           19．the Antarctic           20．the South Pole           重点单词1．           n．工资2．           adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的3．           n．精力；力量；活力4．           n．橱柜；壁橱；衣柜5．           vi.沉没；下沉；下降vt.使下沉；使沉没6．           vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃7．           n．毯子8．navy n．           9．decent adj.           10．genuine adj.           11．crew n．           12．thorough adj.           13．furniture n．           14．bark vi.& n．           15．bat n．           16．damp adj.           17．recreation n．           18．nephew n．           19．           adj.忠诚的；忠实的20．           n．发动机；马达 adj.有引擎的；机动车的21．           n．候选人；应试者22．           n．(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲23．           n．动机；原因；目的词汇拓展1．qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→           vt.(使)具有资格；(使)合格→           n．资格；资历；资格证书2．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→           adv.热情地→           n．热情；热忱3．aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)→           v．上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)；寄宿n.木板；董事会；伙食4．assign vt.分派；布置；分配→           n．任务；作业；分配5．envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌→           adj.嫉妒的；羡慕的6．perseverance n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→           vi.坚持；孜孜以求7．resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念→           n．决议；解决；坚定8．cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→           adv.残忍地；残酷地→           n．残忍；残酷9．unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地→           adv.幸运地→           n．运气；财产10．guidance n．指导；引导；导航→           n．导游；指南vt.带领；引导；为……领路11．advertising n．广告活动；广告业→           vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告→           n．广告；宣传12．corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的→           n．(大)公司；法人13．commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献→           vt.犯(错误、罪行等) vi.& vt.(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证→           adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的重点词组1．turn sb.down拒绝(某人)2．make fire生火3．give off放出(热、光、气味或气体)重点句型1．We                        for days，but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse.这些天我们一直在挣扎，但是大象岛上的情况变得更糟了。2．It will eventually lead to success                       .只要你坚持，你最终会成功。3．                       they were delayed?如果他们被延误了怎么办？4．If it             for sea animals，we                       .要是没有海上的动物，我们都会饿死的。  知识点01 enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的先练基础——单句语法填空(1)He is selfish and bad-tempered.Thus，he will never be enthusiastic           helping those in trouble.(2)While he is leading a miserable life，he still can treat people around him with           (enthusiastic)． •be enthusiastic about (doing) sth.对(做)……热情•enthusiasm n．热情；热忱lack/be full of enthusiasm缺乏/充满热情with enthusiasm热情地•enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地 再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(3)我不仅热情而且容易相处，这使得我适合报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。I am not only enthusiastic but also easy to get along with，which makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper.(4)尽管失败了几次，伯纳德和杰克仍然热情地做爆米花。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)Bernard and Jack still made popcorn enthusiastically/with enthusiasm in spite of several failures.知识点2  aboard adv.& prep.上船、飞机、公共汽车等•go aboard上船(飞机、火车等)•board vt.& vi.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等) n．木板；董事会；伙食on board 在船(火车或飞机)上•broad adj.宽阔的；广阔的•abroad adv.在/到国外；在/到海外go abroad出国 能力提升——完美写作·完成句子/一句多译·背诵(1)他高个，宽肩，留着胡子，总是满面微笑。(读后续写之外貌描写)He was tall with broad shoulders and a beard and always wore a broad smile.(2)得知你将去国外深造，我写信告知你一些必要的注意事项。(应用文之告知信)Learning that you will go abroad for further study，I’m writing to inform you of some necessary do’s and don’ts.(3)这对年轻夫妇一上船，他们就吃东西，说话，大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅存的人。①The instant the young couple went aboard the ship，they were eating，talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world.(aboard)②The instant the young couple boarded the ship，they were eating，talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world.(board)知识点3  envy n.& vt.羡慕；嫉妒先练基础——单句语法填空(1)I was green           envy from the bottom of my heart because he was leading a cosy and decent life.(2)I           (envy) him being enthusiastic and full of vigour and it seemed that he never felt exhausted.•envy sb.(doing) sth.羡慕/嫉妒某人(做)某事•with envy羡慕地；嫉妒地green with envy嫉妒地眼红 再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(3)老实说，我真羡慕你获得了优秀毕业生的称号，我应该向你学习。Honestly speaking，I do envy you getting the title of the Excellent Graduate and I should follow your example.(4)李明不仅学得快，而且善于用逻辑思维解决难题，我都有点眼红了。Not only is Li Ming quick at learning but also he is good at solving tough problems with logical mind.I am green with envy.知识点4  abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃n．放任；放纵先练基础——单句语法填空(1)He abandoned           (ask) for his guidance，which was beyond our expectations.(2)My nephew abandoned himself to           (abuse) drugs and he couldn’t make a commitment to his study.•abandon oneself to (doing) sth.沉湎于(做)……；纵情于(做)……abandon doing sth.放弃做某事•abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的be abandoned to (doing) sth.沉湎于(做)…… 再提能力——完美写作·句式升级·背诵(3)(普通表达)I abandoned myself to computer games.I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination.①(高级表达)Abandoning myself to computer games，I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)②(高级表达)Abandoned to computer games，I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)知识点5  resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)n．决心；坚定的信念先练基础——单句语法填空(1)I resolved           (turn) down his invitation because my teacher assigned too much homework.(2)The steward has           (resolve) many problems on the plane perfectly，so he is certainly qualified for his job.•resolve to do sth.决定做某事•resolution n.决定；解决 再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(3)文化遗产代表我们祖先的智慧，因此我们国家决定不遗余力地保护它们。(写作话题之文化遗产与保护)Cultural relics represent the wisdom of our ancestors，so our country has resolved to spare no effort to protect them.(4)为了解决冲突，我们应该学会多沟通，把自己放在别人的位置上。(写作话题之人际沟通)To resolve conflicts，we should learn to communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place.知识点6  unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地先练基础——单句语法填空(1)          (unfortunate)，I still failed in spite of endurance and perseverance.(2)          (fortunate)，I managed to join the navy and went on a voyage two months later.•unfortunate adj.不幸的•fortunate adj.幸运的be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth.有幸做某事•fortunately adv.幸运地•fortune n．机遇；运气；财富have the good fortune to do sth.有幸做某事make a fortune发财；发迹 再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵(3)我有幸得到一次沿丝绸之路旅行的宝贵机会。①I am fortunate to get/in getting a precious opportunity to travel along the Silk Road.(fortunate)②I have the good fortune to get a precious opportunity to travel along the Silk Road.(fortune)知识点7  what if...What if they were delayed? 如果他们被延误了怎么办？•What if...？意为“要是……会怎么样，如果……将会怎样”，可以看作“What will happen if...？”的省略形式。•What/How about...？……怎么样？•What(...) for？为什么？/(……)是干什么用的？•So what？那又怎么样？ 根据句意用上述短语填空(1)I grew anxious：          the family had simply left the cat behind?(2)—Will you please go and empty that drawer?—          ?(3)—Linda didn’t invite us to the party.—          ? I don’t care.(4)                     meeting at the nearby restaurant so that we can have a nice small talk?知识点8  if引导的虚拟语气If it weren’t for sea animals，we would all starve.要是没有海上的动物，我们都会饿死的。 本句为if引导的虚拟条件句，叙述与现在事实相反的假设。虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中的运用如下： 虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设动词的过去式(be动词一般用were)would/could/should/might＋动词原形与过去事实相反的假设had＋过去分词would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词与将来事实相反的假设(1)动词的过去式(2)were to＋动词原形(3)should＋动词原形would/could/should/might＋动词原形 能力提升——完美写作·语段填空/单句写作·背诵(1)受邀在这里做演讲我感到荣幸。今天我的演讲主题是“如果我是一名环卫工人”。如果我是一名环卫工人，我会让我们的城市更干净，街上没有任何垃圾。I feel honored to be invited here to deliver a speech.Today the topic of my speech is “If I were a dustman”．If I were a dustman，I would make our city cleaner with no rubbish lying on the street.(2)如果我早听从你的建议，我就会通过这场重要的考试了。If I had followed your advice，I would have passed the important exam.(3)如果我明天看到他，我就会告诉他我在昨天举行的比赛中获得第一名的好消息。If I saw/were to see/should see him tomorrow，I would inform him of the good news that I ranked first in the competition held yesterday. 现在完成进行时【观察例句】1．People have been enjoying the benefits of cycling in Amsterdam for years.2．Many people around the world have been enjoying city centre streets without cars for many years.3．He has been fighting with a friend.4．I have been looking for a job for three months.5．I have been writing letters all this evening and I've just finished them.6．You haven't been doing your homework those days.【归纳用法】一、意义现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能还要继续进行下去。二、构成肯定形式：have/has＋been doing(第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have)I have been waiting for you.我一直在等你。否定形式：have/has＋not＋been doingHe hasn't been using the car for the last two months.过去两个月他一直没用车。三、用法1．表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到说话时还在进行，或可能还要继续下去。通常和“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点(或从句)”的时间状语连用。It has been snowing for three hours.雪已经下了三个小时了。(从过去某一时间开始下雪，强调到现在还在下)2．表示不久前刚刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。Her eyes are red. It's obvious that she has been crying for a long time.她的眼睛红红的，显然哭了很长时间。3．强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。She has always been working hard.她工作一直很努力。4．表示这段时间反复发生的事情。I have been visiting some cities of China this month.这个月我一直在参观中国的一些城市。[名师点津]不能用于进行时的动词如表示心理活动、属性拥有、表象感官、行为结果的动词不用于现在完成进行时。我已经感冒两周了。I have been having a cold for two weeks. (×)I have had a cold for two weeks. (√)[即学即练]　单句语法填空①They                (build) the bridge for two months.②He                 (play) basketball since he was ten.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．The Chinese government                 (do) research into vaccine (疫苗) against African Swine Fever for months，recently many have received the first doses.2．The dollar                 (climb) steadily all week.3．I                 (wait) for an hour and a half.4．She is very tired. She                 (work) all morning.5．Jim                 (phone) Jenny every night for the past week.6．They                 (build) the bridge for two months.7．The telephone                 (ring) in the office all the morning.8．In the past few years，he                 (deal) with a few international companies.9．She is tired. She                 (type) letters all the afternoon.10．He                 (write) a letter this morning and sent it to his friend.Ⅱ.短文语法填空My wish is 1.          (go) to a key university. I 2.          (study) for many years. But I am poor 3.          English since I went to junior school. My English teacher told me to insist          listening and writing. I 5.          (learn) English every morning to improve it. Because I 6.          (waste) a lot of time，it was hard to catch up with other students. After 7.          (go) to high school，I 8.          (stay) up late into the night and 9.          (get) up early in the morning. I 10.          (write) two compositions every day. I think I should spare no effort to improve my English and achieve my dream. 人物描写本单元写作项目是描述一个有毅力的人物，属于人物描写的写作范畴。[基本框架]1．开头(beginning)——总体介绍2．主体(body)——详细介绍3．结尾(ending)——简要总结[常用词块]1．be keen on 喜欢……2．adapt himself to...使自己适应……3．have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难4．be eager/thirty/dying to do sth.渴望做某事5．gain reputation for获得……荣誉6．have a talent/gift for...有……天赋[常用语句]★精彩开头1．Allan Stewart，of Australian nationality，was born on March 7th，1915.艾伦·斯图尔特，澳大利亚国籍，1915年3月7日出生。2．Born in 1911 in Shanghai，Qian Xuesen is one of the greatest scientists in the world.钱学森，1911年生于上海，是世界上最伟大的科学家之一。3．Born into a rich family in Shanghai on Nov. 4th，1933，Charles Kuen Kao showed great interest in doing different experiments during his childhood.1933年11月4日出生于上海一个富裕的家庭，高锟从小就对做不同的实验表现出极大的兴趣。★正文佳句1．He is clever as well as friendly.他既聪明又友好。2．He is such an honest man that all think highly of him.他是如此诚实的一个人，以至于所有人都高度评价他。3．His modesty leaves us a deep impression.他的谦虚给我们留下了深刻印象。★余味结尾1．All in all，in my view，Yang has a good future considering his ability and faith.总之，在我看来，考虑到他的能力和信念，杨有一个美好的未来。2．Not only did she make great contributions to the world of science but she is regarded as the greatest woman scientist on account of what she did.她不仅为科学界做出了巨大贡献，而且因为她的所作所为她被认为是最伟大的女科学家。3．His scientific achievement has shaped the foundations of today's communication.他的科学成就为今天的通信奠定了基础。请根据以下信息，介绍一位热门人物。姓 名：莫言(管谟业)出生日期：1955年2月17日出 生 地：山东省高密市一个穷苦人家兴趣爱好：自幼喜欢阅读、书法(calligraphy)性格特征：开朗、幽默主要成就：2011年凭借《蛙》获中国最高文学奖“茅盾文学奖”；2012年获诺贝尔文学奖(Nobel Prize in Literature)。评 价：第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的中国作家，被誉为是对中国文学做出巨大贡献的作家之一。           题组A  基础过关练Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题1分，共8分)1．As far as I’m concerned，the new roommate is honest，          ，enthusiastic and full of vigour.2．When you get off the bus，do keep in mind that you must take your           .3．Welcome to one of the largest collections of shoes in the world that will make you green with           .4．          ，instead of hitting the ball，he hit his own false teeth!5．Our head teacher requested us to do some           (彻底的) cleaning before class the next day.6．Under the           (指导) of our teacher，we finished the experiment perfectly.7．Please send us all the information that  you have about the           (s)(应试者) for the position.8．          (遗弃) by his owner，the little dog was leading a miserable life.Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)9．Today I am as           about my job as the first day and my           enables me to treat my job           .(enthusiastic)10．Believe it or not，my husband treated me           and his           always made me in low spirits.(cruel)11．Instead of           to lose weight，try a practical           ：“I’ll stop having dessert for lunch.” (resolve)12．          ，he received a large           from his uncle who is warm-hearted and generous.(fortunate)13．He           himself to working day and night.His           won him a great reputation.(commit)14．He           with his violin lessons.It was his           that enabled him to become a distinguished violinist.(persevere)15．He has educational           and hence he is well           for the job as a tutor.(qualify)Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共20分)16．我一直梦想着被一所重点大学录取。I                                                   .17．只要你采纳我的建议，你一定会在北京上大学期间拥有最难忘的经历。                    ，you are bound to have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.18．要是我学习英语时遇到许多困难怎么办？                               when I study English?19．如果我是你，我肯定会充分利用时间来提高我的学业成绩。          ，I would certainly make full use of the time to improve my academic performance.题组B  能力提升练Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking部分An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton is an adventure that I          (dream) of.However,2.          I applied to join the expedition，Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t 3.          (qualify)，so I had no choice but to secretly go aboard his ship，the Endurance.Later I 4.          (discover) and Shackleton had to assign me to be          steward.The journey wasn’t very easy，for the Endurance was stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica.And when the ship sank，our hearts sank with it.Before we abandoned the ship，Shackleton 6.          (calm) told us to rescue our most essential supplies and he 7.          (he) threw away all his gold.He allowed Hussey to keep his banjo，8.          made us surprised.We had been struggling for days，but things were going from bad to worse.Soon after we arrived at Elephant Island，Shackleton left us to find help.Sometimes we were able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat.I tried to think of 9.          (happy) things.I was grateful for Frank and Ernest’s genuine concern for others.Their 10.          (persevere) and their resolve filled me with hope.请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：现在完成进行时)Born in a wealthy family，my nephew，Jack，led such a thoroughly decent and cosy life that he hardly met with cruel adversities.He has been dreaming of an adventure since he was young.At 18，Jack 1.          to join an expedition advertised in the newspaper，but the leader turned him down because he thought Jack was not 2.          .Full of vigour，Jack never abandoned his dream for he was so 3.          about a great voyage.At 19，he joined the navy and was assigned to be a steward with low wages.On a bitter cold day，the crew went 4.          a massive ship bound for Atlantic Ocean.Jack was genuine，good-tempered and loyal and he wasn’t selfish，either.He often played the banjo for recreation.So those on the ship all liked him.Unfortunately，one day，the motor broke down and the ship got crushed on a huge iceberg.When the ship sank，their hearts also 5.          .At that time，the calm captain made a commitment to save them and commanded them to throw away their belongings such as stoves，blankets，bats，cupboards and other pieces of furniture.Finally，they were 6.          enough to escape the ship.It was their endurance，resolution and perseverance that helped them survive.On the distant island，Jack managed to make fire with animal fat，which gave off a smelly smell and then he cooked sea animals.One month later，they were saved by a passing ship.In summary，it has been a miserable but unforgettable episode in Jack’s life. 题组C  培优拔尖练Ⅰ.完形填空[一]My father，a soldier，was deployed(调度) again.The ukulele I had watched him play was   1  .The musical instrument sat there lifeless.It came as a   2   because we had just moved into the present duty station a few weeks before.Still，  3   was the thing that connected my father with Hawaii，a   4   of his home and culture.We learned about our ancestors and family traditions   5   through his music.This time，we were finally “home” in Hawaii and expected to   6   a place that we’d only heard about in my parents’ stories.We were just arriving，but he was already   7   to leave again，this time without us.Suddenly，we were surrounded by strange relatives and a cultural tradition of which we only knew the surface.We were   8   in the family.The person who made us fit，our father，was gone.That was when I   9   my father’s ukulele.As I plucked(弹拨)  the strings tunelessly，I felt   10   to him and our Hawaiian roots.So I picked up an old song book，and I   11   myself to play.I would play and sing，as if my father had been here.After my father returned，he was   12   that I had learned so much.But what I really gained   13   of was that music has the   14   to do truly extraordinary things   15   us to our culture and each other，our past and our present.1．A.polished   B．tidied C．abandoned   D．sold2．A.surprise   B．puzzle C．challenge   D．relief3．A.time   B．duty   C．music   D．distance4．A.symbol   B．reminder C．memory   D．review5．A.mostly   B．casually C．accidentally   D．secretly6．A.look for   B．fit into C．take in   D．catch at7．A.disappointed   B．prepared C．anxious   D．hesitant8．A.visitors   B．relatives C．acquaintances   D．foreigners9．A.received   B．noticed C．recognized   D．needed10．A.closer   B．stranger C．familiar   D．superior11．A.persuaded   B．inspired C．taught   D．told12．A.shocked   B．confident C．curious   D．annoyed13．A.control   B．possession C．command   D．knowledge14．A.potential   B．sense C．privilege   D．power15．A.exposing   B．tying C．expressing   D．introducing  [二]The teachers I know didn’t expect how   1   this remote teaching would be.There are so many   2   that arise：families not responding，students who can’t   3   new platforms，new platforms not doing what they are   4   to do.The list goes on.But that’s just from the teacher’s   5   .Principals(校长) have to hear the teachers’ issues，and they have to help parents   6   their kid in the virtual classroom，getting   7   daily from the district，finding devices for everyone，and much more.Our principal’s work was incredibly hard before the world turned upside down.Now，she’s dealing with it all，  8   teachers，parents，and students，while   9   what the district is carrying out.There are sleepless nights and   10   stress.I organized a little   11   today from the staff building.We were all on campus today to drive through the local neighborhood with signs on our cars，pressing our horns and   12   at our students in their yards and on their porches.I asked the staff to bring   13   for our principal：paper towels，hand sanitizer，latex gloves，masks，and some other   14   things.Others brought wine and chocolate.We couldn’t take all her   15   off her back，but we could show her that we love and appreciate her.1．A.developed   B．hard C．boring   D．important2．A.advantages   B．issues C．lessons   D．thoughts3．A.move off   B．look after C．turn down   D．get on4．A.supposed   B．scared C．directed  D．believed5．A.interest   B．career C．effort   D．view6．A.educate   B．praise C．get  D．find7．A.payments   B．instructions C．supplies   D．instruments8．A.ignoring   B．removing C．avoiding   D．handling9．A.denying   B．solving C．delaying   D．treasuring10．A.incredible   B．frightened C．excited   D．joyful11．A.drive   B．walk C．ride   D．race12．A.shouting   B．laughing C．waving   D．aiming13．A.clothes   B．items C．books   D．papers14．A.daily   B．important C．valuable   D．colorful15．A.positions   B．plans C．routines   D．wishesⅡ.语法填空There is no doubt that humankind dreams of making Mars our second home.However，sending people there will require all the skills，courage and 1.       (intelligent) of the human race.While the Moon can be reached within days，it would take months to reach Mars,2.        (travel) through dangerous solar radiation.And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely，staying alive will be 3.         daily challenge，but as proved by the Biosphere experiment，not impossible.As early as the 1980s，scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert.It consisted of a closed space 4.         people，animals and plants could live together.The “closed” concept meant that the space was designed  5.        (function) with its own oxygen，food and water，needing nothing from the outside world.6.         the two-year experiment was not a success，it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet.More recently，scientists 7.        (succeed) in growing a variety of plants in an environment similar to that on Mars.That 8.        (definite) is a big step forward.For now，human settlement of Mars is still 9.        (decade) away.In the meantime，scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting 10.        (warm)．This change is having a terrible effect on the biosphere.