人教版高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第3册UNIT4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE课时学案

这是一份人教版高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第3册UNIT4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE课时学案，共16页。

1 assign vt.[课本义]分派；布置；分配 [增补义]确定；转让
①He is serius abut every task assigned(assign) t him and has a strng ability t slve prblems.
②(2019·天津卷)Occasinally, I wuld read a nvel that was assigned(assign), but I didn't enjy this type f reading.
③(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)Students will wrk in grups t cmplete fur assignments(assignment) during the curse.
(普通表达)The teacher gave each f the children a different task.
(高级表达)The teacher assigned a different task t each f the children.
◎assign sb.sth.＝assign sth. t sb.安排/分配某事(物)给某人
◎assign sb. t...指派某人承担……；把某人分派到……
◎assign sb. t d sth.指派某人做某事
◎assignment n．任务；作业；分配
◎assign the participants randmly t fur grups将参与者随机分为四组
◎be assigned t help with peacekeeping被派去协助维护和平
◎assign t the publisher将版权转让给出版商
2 envy n. & vt.羡慕；妒忌
①I bught a new type f mbile phne, which was the envy f all my clleagues.
②Aged peple are always envius(envy) f yung peple's energy and enthusiasm.
③Many peple envied me ging(g) abrad fr further studies, which in fact was t change my life.
A wave f envy came flding/sweeping ver me(嫉妒之情汹涌而来) when I thught f hw much affectin she had received frm my mther.
◎be the envy f sb.成为某人的羡慕/嫉妒的对象；为某人所羡慕
◎ut f envy出于嫉妒
◎envy sb.sth.羡慕/嫉妒某人的……
◎envy sb. ding sth.羡慕/嫉妒某人做某事
◎envius adj.羡慕的；妒忌的
◎be envius f...羡慕/嫉妒……
◎envy him his gd lks羡慕他长得英俊
◎envy yu having a clse family羡慕你有一个亲密的家庭
◎be the envy f the wrld令世人羡慕
3 abandn vt.[课本义]舍弃；抛弃；放弃 [增补义]中止；陷入 n．放任；放纵
①I heard that yu had abandned carrying(carry) ut the plan because yu were shrt f mney.
②Mst f the yung men abandned themselves(they) t the pleasure and frgt all abut the time.
③(2022·全国乙卷)The ne in the new envirnment shuld be sympathetic t the fact that yur friend may feel abandned(abandn)．
Faced with these angry questins, he tried t speak, but fr nce, his vice abandned him(他一时语塞)．
◎abandn (ding) sth.放弃(做)某事
◎abandn neself t (ding) sth.沉湎于(做)某事；纵情于(做)某事
◎abandned adj.无约束的；无度的；放荡的
◎be abandned t (ding) sth.沉湎于(做)某事
◎be abandned by his mther被他母亲抛弃
◎give the rder t abandn ship发布弃船的命令
◎abandn himself t despair陷入绝望
4 guidance n．指导；引导；导航
①The cmpany's “Oshbt” rbt is built t help guide custmers t the prduct's lcatin in the stre.
②The students were encuraged t tackle tugh prblems under the guidance(guide) f gifted teachers.
③Jin a guided(guide) bike tur and view sme f the mst ppular mnuments in Washingtn, D．C.
Under the careful guidance f their father/With their father guiding them carefully (在他们爸爸的精心指导下), it didn't take lng befre the French tast and chicken prridge were ready.
◎guidance n sth./hw t d sth.关于(做)某事的指导
◎under/with the guidance f sb.＝under/with ne's guidance在某人的指导下
◎guide vt.给某人领路；指导；解释 n．指南；向导
◎guide sb. t...领某人去……(t为介词)
◎a guide t...关于……的指南
◎under/with the guidance f an experienced tutr在经验丰富的导师的指导下
◎need guidance n hw t handle the prblem需要处理该问题的指导
◎a guide t making yur hme cmfrtable舒适家居指南
5 [教材原句]Well, it s happened that ne mrning I bught a newspaper and read the advertisement abut the Antarctic expeditin.嗯，碰巧有天早上我买了一份报纸，看到了有关南极探险的广告。
①It s happened that my father suddenly fell ill when we were just abut t make the trip.
②Anther time five mnths ag I happened t be(be) upstairs at dusk when the windw was pen.
③(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)It happened that the plant dwntwn needed eight kids fr temprary help during ur spring break.
The maple frest was charming, and as it happens, autumn fell/it happened that autumn fell(碰巧，秋天到了), and the maple leaves lked as red as flames.
动词happen有“碰巧”之意，常用于“happen t be/t d/t be ding/t have dne等”结构，还可构成句型“it (s) happens that...”和短语“as it happens/happened”。
Nbdy nticed the thief slip int the huse because the lights happened t g ut.没有人注意到小偷溜进了房子，因为灯碰巧熄灭了。
6 [教材原句]Sn after we arrived, Shackletn left us t find help n Suth Gergia Island, 1，320 kilmetres away...我们到达后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们，去到1 320公里外的南乔治亚岛寻求帮助……
①(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)But that's hw nature is—always leaving us astnished (astnish)．
②(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)They put sme rice int a pt f water and left it t bil(bil) while they made the French tast.
③(2022·浙江1月改)The real estate firm where she had wrked fr ten years as an ffice manager went brke and left her lking(lk) fr a new jb.
He was left speechless(令他叹为观止) by the milky white waterfalls and muntains in many shades f blue.
教材原句中的leave作“离开”讲，但leave还有“使；让”之意，后常用于“leave＋宾语＋宾补(t d/ding/dne/adj.等)”结构，此时，宾语与宾补之间具有逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是宾补动作的发出者或承受者。
Frm the teacher's pint f view, children shuld be left t decide what t read and hw t read.该老师认为，应该让孩子们决定读什么和怎么读。
7 [教材原句]If it weren't fr sea animals, we wuld all starve.要不是这些海洋动物，我们都得挨饿。
①If it weren't fr Rachel Carsn, the envirnmental mvement might nt exist tday.
②Were(be) it nt fr the supprt f the teachers, the student culd nt vercme her difficulty.
③(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)If fd waste were(be) a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.
If it weren't fr Dad, I wuldn't be where I am tday(我哪会有今天的成就)．
在if引导虚拟条件状语从句时，从句的谓语动词要用一般过去时或过去完成时，而主句的谓语动词要用wuld/shuld/might/culd d/be或wuld/shuld/might/culd have dne/been形式。另外，if it weren't fr...和if it had nt been fr...是固定句式，其中的if可省略，从句用部分倒装语序。
If it had nt been fr yur timely assistance, the cnsequences might have been much serius.如果当时你不及时帮助，后果可能会非常严重。
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空。
1．Fr each assignment(assign), I was t write the best essay I culd.
2．Yu must leave the rice t ck(ck) fr 20 minutes befre yu eat it.
3．Dr. Smith was assigned t take(take) charge f the sales department last mnth.
4．Hw I envied them taking(take) an extra day ff s that they culd g t Disneyland!
5．High schl students will need careful guidance(guide) n their chice f ptinal subjects.
6．Despite the bad weather, the rescue team did nt abandn searching(search) fr the earthquake victims.
7．We can't frget that deep relatinships wuldn't even exist if it were(be) nt fr casual cnversatin.
8．He cllected millins f abandned(abandn) bricks f different ages t make them int walls, rfs and crridrs.
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．Apparently, Betty was envius f her sister's new fashinable dress.
2．She abandned herself t grief after her husband died f heart truble.
3．This year, as it happens, scientists in Japan prved that plants really d respnd t sund.
4．(2020·新高考卷Ⅱ)Readers are encuraged t cntinue explring the digital wrld with/under the guidance f ur Further Resurces sectin featured in each vlume.
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空。
1．There was nthing like a gd dinner and sme music t cheer(cheer) us up.
2．I'd rather nt talk abut it t much because I want t avid giving(give) trade secrets away.
3．One afternn, I was crssing the field t g hme and saw Miller stuck(stick) ging ver a fence.
4．It is reprted that the number f warships statined utside Eurpean waters has rughly(rugh) dubled.
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．(2020·天津卷)Jim says we can stay in his huse as/s lng as we leave it clean and tidy.
2．Exercising makes yu mre awake and ready t handle whatever is ahead f yu fr the day.
3．The cmpany's cmmitment t prviding quality at a reasnable price has been vital t its success.
4．Mre is enthusiastic abut the candy she created, and she's als psitive abut what the future might bring.
Ⅰ.熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Jenna threw the burnt piece int the sink and put in the ther slice f bread. C
A．缓慢下沉 B．心情沉重 C．洗碗槽
2．(2020·江苏卷)Fr many British peple，that can apply t institutins and bjects that represent their cuntry's past—age­ld castles，splendid hmes... and red phne bxes. B
A．申请 B．适用 C．涂抹
3．(2019·天津卷)Erin had gne beynd what almst anyne wuld have dne, finding my huse n a bitterly cld night, and fr that I was extremely grateful. C
A．苦涩地 B．愤怒地 C．极其
Ⅱ.长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2021·全国甲卷)The adrable female calf is the secnd black rhin brn this year at the reserve, but it is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild.
本句是一个复合句，可简化为： is the secnd black rhin..., but it is t early t tell if...。句中的but连接两个并列句，第一个分句中的brn...是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰rhin，第二个分句中的if引导宾语从句，从句中的make意为“成为”，t be returned是不定式短语作定语，修饰candidates。
[尝试翻译]这头可爱的雌性小犀牛是今年在保护区出生的第二头黑犀牛，但现在判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的优质候选者还为时过早。
2．(2021·北京卷)Recent research suggests that if an argument gets reslved, the emtinal respnse tied t it is significantly reduced r almst cmpletely erased.
本句是一个复合句，可简化为：Recent research suggests that if..., the emtinal 。句中的that引导宾语从句，此宾语从句又含有一个if引导的条件状语从句，tied t it是过去分词短语作定语，修饰从句的主语respnse。
[尝试翻译]最近的研究表明，如果争辩得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
My nephew Bill led a decent and csy life, but he was full f vigur and ften shwed great curage in adversity. Being particularly 1.enthusiastic(enthusiasm) abut adventures, he had been dreaming f making a vyage. At age 21, Bill reslved t jin an expeditin, 2.where he was assigned as a steward earning the lwest wage. On a 3.bitterly(bitter) cld day, the crew gt abard a ship bund fr Africa. Bill was gd­tempered and lyal 4.t his duty. Mrever, he was nt selfish, always 5.shwing(shw) genuine cncern fr thers. That's why everyne n bard liked him. Unfrtunately, the ship gt crushed by an iceberg and was abut 6.t sink(sink). At this critical mment, the qualified captain made a cmmitment t take the crew t safety, expecting them never t abandn the hpe f survival. All belngings 7.were thrwn(thrw) away except fr the small bats, fd, stves and blankets. They landed n a desert island after three days at sea. Yu culdn't imagine hw much they had suffered in such cruel 8.cnditins(cnditin). It was their discipline and team spirit as well as their 9.endurance(endure) and perseverance that cunted fr their ultimate survival. A mnth later, they were rescued by a passing ship. It was a miserable 10.but unfrgettable episde in Bill's life.
Step 1．单句写作(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子)
①逆境使人成长，而痛苦的经历使人变得更加成熟。
Adversity allws peple t grw, while bitter experiences make peple mre mature.
②玛丽和彼得都热衷于探险，计划坐小船去一个荒岛探险。
Mary and Peter, bth enthusiastic abut explratin, planned an expeditin t an abandned island by bat．
③上周三，他们出发前往该岛，但在途中遇到了暴风雨，船几乎沉没。
Last Wednesday, they set ff fr the island, but n the way they encuntered a strm and the bat almst sank．
④幸运的是，他们最终成功地登上了该岛。
Frtunately, they finally succeeded in landing n the island．
⑤他们进入了森林，在那里晚上要睡在树上而不是舒适的床上。
They went int the frest, where they had t sleep in trees at night instead f csy beds．
⑥他们以极大的毅力完成了痛苦的旅程，从中受益匪浅。
With great perseverance they cmpleted the miserable jurney, frm which they benefited a great deal.
Step 2．衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)
Adversity allws peple t grw, while bitter experiences make peple mre mature. Mary and Peter, bth enthusiastic abut explratin, planned an expeditin t an abandned island by bat. Last Wednesday, they set ff fr the island, but n the way they encuntered a strm and the bat almst sank. Frtunately, they finally succeeded in landing n the island. Then, they went int the frest, where they had t sleep in trees at night instead f csy beds. With great perseverance they cmpleted the miserable jurney, frm which they benefited a great deal.
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
Step 2．续写练笔(翻译下面的续写小片段)
李华在妈妈的悉心照料下过着舒适的生活。他没有私念，对朋友忠诚，因此很受同学们的欢迎。他过去学习很努力，成绩也很好，这使他成为被全校羡慕的人。然而，近几个月来，他开始沉迷于电脑游戏。他不再热衷于学习，也不认真完成作业。他的成绩越来越差。当他妈妈知道以后，她的心沉了下去，她气得痛哭起来。现在李华感到羞愧和内疚，他决心改变，承诺远离电脑游戏。
参考答案：
Li Hua lives a csy life, with his mm attending t him carefully. He is unselfish and lyal t his friends, thus ppular with his schlmates. He used t study hard and get gd grades, which made him the envy f the whle schl. Hwever, in recent mnths he began t abandn himself t cmputer games. He was n lnger enthusiastic abut learning, nr did he finish his assignment seriusly. His grades were ging frm bad t wrse. When his mm knew it, her heart sank and she wept bitterly with anger. Nw Li Hua feels ashamed and guilty and he has reslved t change, making a cmmitment t stay away frm cmputer games.
续写语料积累
背诵·句之美
欣赏·语之秀
1．(行为描写)(2022·武汉二中仿真模拟)We fught, debated and cried, making much nise.
2．(心理描写)(2022·广东省四校联考)At first, everyne stared at me like I was frm anther planet.
3．(景物描写)(2022·沈阳市联考)A pt f flwers sat in the back seat, whse heavenly scene filled the car.
(2022·常德市模拟)Suddenly, a mtrcycle rared past me, almst kncking me dwn. He turned t lk at me, and fr a split secnd, I saw his face—cruel, glaring eyes. A fld f fear crept ver me. Hwever, curage frm nwhere gt me t shut “Hey! Are yu mad！”
核心单词
语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1．assign vt.分派；布置；分配
2．envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌
3．sink vi.沉没；下沉；下降 vt.使下沉；使沉没
4．abandn vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃
5．bark vi.& n．(狗)吠叫；吠叫声
6．advertise vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告
7．rugh adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的
8．expeditin n．探险；远征；探险队
9．genuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的
10．vyage n．& vi.航海；航行
1．My heart sank(sink) as I heard the news that I failed in the examinatin.
2．Only she has access t such precius resurces, which is envied(envy) by her fellws.
3．The girl disappeared but her hired car was fund abandned(abandn) at the ft f a small rise.
4．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ改)All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned(assign) date thrugh ur management system.
5．He picked up a stne, and let fly at the barking(bark) dg.
6．A lcal farmer tld them the dg sunded like ne advertised(advertise) as lst in the lcal paper.
派生单词
语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1．endure v．容忍；忍耐→endurance n．忍耐力；耐久力
2．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiasm n．热情
3．belng vi.属于；应归于→belngings n．[pl.]财物；动产
4．persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求→perseverance n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
5．reslve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念→reslutin n．决议；解决；坚定
6．thrugh adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的→thrughly adv.完全地；极度地；彻底地；仔细地；详尽地
7．guide n．导游 vt.引导；带领→guidance n．指导；引导；导航
8．mtive n．动机；原因；目的→mtivatin n．动机；积极性→mtivated adj.有动机的；有积极性的
1．The lckers, which belng t ur travel agency, are available t stre any belngings s that turists can feel safe and have a sense f belnging during their visit.(belng)
2．We have made a reslve t find an apprpriate reslutin t the cnflict, but it des take much time fr it t be reslved peacefully.(reslve)
3．Mtivatin and gal setting are the tw sides f the same cin, but staying mtivated is the key t achieving the gal.(mtivate)
4．It was the teacher's detailed guidance and excellent teaching that guided us in the right directin tward final success.(guide)
5．Cuntless failures did nt make him lse his enthusiasm fr inventins. On the cntrary, he has becme mre enthusiastic than ever befre.(enthusiastic)
高频短语
语境运用(选用左栏短语的适当形式填空)
1．turn sb. dwn
拒绝(某人)
2．make fire
生火
3．give ff
放出(热、光、气味或气体)
4．dream f/abut
梦想着……
5．g frm bad t wrse
每况愈下；越来越糟
6．hld n
坚持；稍等；抓住；不挂断电话
1．On the edge f the jacket, there is a piece f clth that gives ff light in the dark.
2．He intended t jin the army but was turned dwn because f his pr health.
3．As years went by, ancient peple learned ways t make fire by rubbing tw pieces f wd.
4．There is n denying that their quality f life is ging frm bad t wrse．
5．All I can d is tell her t hld n and let her knw that there's light at the end f the tunnel.
原句结构辨识
写作佳句背诵
1．结构
Hw culd I becme as selfish and bad­tempered as Thmas Orde­Lees！
爸爸急忙赶回家，结果发现我们破旧的房子已沦为一片废墟。
Father rushed back hme, nly t discver ur shabby huse was as flat as a pancake.(续写之场景描写)
2．as/s lng as引导条件状语从句
It will eventually lead t success as lng as yu persevere.
只要你有梦想，就去追求，千万不要轻易放弃。
As lng as yu have a dream, just g fr it, and never give it up easily.(续写之主题升华)
用于人物描写的词汇
用于动作描写的词汇
csy; unselfish; lyal; envy; enthusiastic； assignment; bitterly
abandn; g frm bad t wrse; sink; reslve; make a cmmitment