人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction练习

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction练习，共9页。

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Mary was chsen fr the jb because she was the (占优势的) candidate.
答案superir
2. (劳动者) shrtages have frced the Japanese int making heavy use f industrial rbts.
答案Labur
3.The wrds n the stne tablet have becme (模糊不清的) with the passage f time.
答案blurred
4.If yu are wrng,admit it.Yu wn’t lse (尊严),but will gain respect.
答案dignity
5.There is a (冲突) between what they are ding and what yu want.
答案cnflict
Ⅱ.短语填空
by the way,beside the pint,take ver,be adapted int,,n the ther hand,prs and cns,superir t
1.Was it in 1948 that the gvernment the railways in Great Britain?
答案tk ver
2.They sat fr hurs debating the f setting up their wn firm.
答案prs and cns
3.It cannt be questined that the new methd is the ld ne.
答案superir t
4.The nvel a TV series and became a natinal ht tpic fr quite sme time.
答案was adapted int
5. ,hw lng have yu been a cameraman?
答案By the way
6.T build anther skyscraper in the city is .
答案beside the pint
7.She simply welcmed him and him the last time they had met.
答案reminded;f
8.On the ne hand,we shuld develp ur ecnmy; ,we shuld prtect the envirnment.
答案n the ther hand
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.这一款式在技术上超过了与之竞争的产品。
This mdel is technically its cmpetitrs.
答案superir t
2.现在你要保持安静,最重要的是,不要说话。
Nw keep quiet,and, ,dn’t try t talk.
答案abve all
3.她认定我是接管这项工作的最佳人选。
She decided that I was the ideal persn t the jb.
答案take ver
4.你离开家走上社会的日子不远了。
It will nt be yu leave hme t make yur way in the wrld.
答案lng befre
素养提升
Ⅳ.完形填空
主题语境:人与社会 语篇类型:说明文 词数:284
难度:★★☆☆
I get many emails each week frm peple wh want t start building rbts.As a builder f rbts fr 30 years,here’s my 1 n the subject.
First,let’s decide what a “rbt” is.In my pinin,a remte cntrlled car is nt a rbt since it has n brain f its wn.T be a rbt,it shuld have the 2 t think and make decisins.This may sund 3 at first,but really any small cmputer can be prgrammed t make decisins.
I want t encurage yu,but 4 ,building a rbt is nt easy.This is a task that wuld take a nrmal persn several mnths r years.In 5 ,as past president f the Dallas Persnal Rbtics Grup,I’ve knwn prfessinal engineers that spent several years just t 6 a mbile base wrking.
I’m nt trying t 7 yu,but I just want yu t knw what 8 f prject this is.If yu are willing t spend many mnths,much mney,and ptentially 9 and discuragement,then design and build yur wn rbt frm scratch.
Mst peple 10 that they can build a rbt with parts fund arund the huse and that is partially true.I think 11 screwdrivers wuld be a gd drive mtr. 12 ,there are many things that yu will have t 13 ,especially when it cmes t the electrnics,sensrs and micrcntrller parts.These items are simply nt available in the bttm f a ty bx r at yur lcal Walmart.
14 almst all believed it wuld cst much 15 when they began,mst rbts built frm scratch cst between $200 and $400.Many peple spend well ver $1000 and sme,much mre.
【语篇解读】作者是一位机器人制造方面的专家,他每周都会收到很多人的来信询问如何制造机器人,本文就如何制造机器人提出了一些建议。

B.instructin
C.advice D.questin
答案C
解析explanatin解释;instructin指示;advice建议;questin问题。从下文看是作者的一些建议。
B.strength
C.frceD.ability
答案D
解析have the ability t d 有做……的能力。pwer权力;strength力量;frce力。
B.hard
C.easyD.exciting
答案B
解析根据转折词but和any(任何一个)判断,上文应为“听起来难”。
B.hnestly
C.especiallyD.eventually
答案B
解析根据“我想鼓励你”和“但是……不容易”判断,此处应为“说实话”。
B.fact
C.cmmnD.need
答案B
解析in general一般说来;in fact事实上;in cmmn共有;in need需要。根据下文的“作为……”推断,要用“事实上”。
B.enable
C.causeD.make
答案A
解析get sth wrking让……运转起来。enable和cause后要用t wrk;make后要用wrk。
B.encurage
C.cnvinceD.satisfy
答案A
解析上文谈到的是制作机器人的困难,所以此处作者说“我不想让你泄气”。
B.size
C.dateD.range
答案B
解析根据后面的prject看,应该是“让你知道这个工程(计划)的大小”。
B.enjyment
C.disappintment D.pleasure
答案C
解析根据后面的discuragement判断。
B.suggest
C.permitD.believe
答案D
解析believe相信,此处指“大部分的人都这样认为”。
B.electrical
C.electrnicD.electricity
答案A
解析electric电动的;electrical有关电的;electrnic电子的;electricity电。根据screwdrivers看,应为“电动的”。
B.Hwever
C.Otherwise D.Besides
答案B
解析上下文为转折关系,所以用hwever,意为“然而”。
B.buy
C.lendD.build
答案B
解析上文提到制作机器人的许多部件可以在家里找到,然后通过转折词,我们就可看出这些东西需要“购买”。
B.Thrugh
C.Althugh D.Since
答案C
解析上下文是让步关系,所以用althugh。
B.cheaper
C.higherD.less
答案D
解析根据下文的“cst well ver $1000”判断,一开始的时候,几乎所有的人都认为花费要少。
Ⅴ.语法填空
主题语境:人与社会 语篇类型:说明文 词数:171
难度:★★☆☆
If a little human-like rbt begged yu nt t shut it ff,wuld yu shw sympathy?
In an experiment 1. (intend) t find ut hw peple treat rbts when they act like humans,many participants struggled t pwer dwn a begging rbt named Na.2. experiment was cnducted by researchers in Germany,whse findings 3. (publish)in the scientific jurnal PLOS ONE.
The rbt Na,4. was designed t beg abut half f the participants nt t switch it ff but nt the ther half,was used 5. (measure)if his begging affected hw peple reacted.
In ne previus experiment,researchers fund that peple preferred cmmunicating with rbts with cmplementary (互补的) persnality characteristics t their wn.And since rbts can exhibit scial characteristics either 6. (speak)with human vices r taking the shape f a human bdy,the research 7.(suggest)that peple tend t react “8.(especial) scial t them.”
The researchers said a pssible 9. (explain)fr their results was that peple regarded Na’s begging 10. “a sign f making its wn decisin”.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。如果一个人形机器人请求你不要关掉它,你会表示同情吗?文章介绍了被称作Na的乞讨机器人。
1.intended 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用非谓语动词;experiment与intend构成逻辑上的被动关系,用过去分词作后置定语;be intended t...表示“旨在……”,故填intended。
2.The 考查冠词。根据语境可知,此处特指“上文提到的实验”,且此处位于句首要大写首字母,故填定冠词The。
3.were published 考查动词时态和语态。根据主句中的was cnducted可知,此处时态应用一般过去时,表示过去发生的事情;复数名词findings与publish构成被动关系,故填were published。
4.which 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词The rbt,指物,从句中缺主语,故填which。
5.t measure 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用非谓语动词;be used t d sth表示“被用来做某事”,动词不定式作目的状语,故填t measure。
6.speaking 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用非谓语动词;根据r taking 以及结构连接两个相同的成分可知,应填speaking。
7.suggests 考查动词时态。根据语境可知,此处应用一般现在时陈述客观事实,故填suggests,表示“表明,暗示”。
8.especially 考查副词。此处应该用副词修饰形容词scial,故填副词especially。
9.explanatin 考查名词。根据不定冠词a以及形容词pssible可知,此处应用名词单数形式,故填explanatin。
10.as 考查介词。为固定词组,表示“把……视作……”,故填介词as。
Ⅵ.概要写作
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Yur Rbt Teacher f the Future
Will yur jb be dne by a rbt in the future?Bank f England ecnmists predict that almst half f all UK jbs are under threat f autmatin.Thse mst at risk invlve repetitive manual labur,such as factry psitins.But culd even the respected prfessin f teaching sn have t cmpete against pwerful electrnic educatrs?
At first glance,teaching might seem unlikely t be replaced by rbts.Teachers use a range f sft skills that machines find hard t replicate.They judge pupils’ needs and tailr feedback accrdingly.They adapt materials t make them mre attractive and effective.And they lk ut fr students wh lag behind r disrupt the class.
Nnetheless,sme believe the future f educatin will be technlgical.In an interview with Business Insider magazine,futurist Thmas Frey predicts that “by 2030 the largest cmpany n the Internet is ging t be an educatin-based cmpany that we haven’t heard f yet.”
He thinks that nline rbt teachers will make educatin s efficient.Students will be able t get an undergraduate degree int six mnths f learning.A bt learns what yur “interests” and “reference pints” are,“and it figures ut hw t teach yu in a faster and faster way ver time,” accrding t Frey.
Whether r nt such incredible speeds will be reached,ver the last decade there has been a huge increase in nline learning platfrms.Sme cmpanies prduce curses that allw millins t learn at hme fr free,at their wn pace.But there are limitatins.Withut the face-t-face stimulatin f a classrm envirnment,the majrity f students fail t cmplete nline curses.Hw t sustain mtivatin t learn is ne mre skill that nline teachers will need t master.
Indeed,Frey admits there is sme way t g:“Nbdy has quite cracked the cde fr the future f educatin.” What d teachers themselves think abut this?Prfessr Dnald Clark frm Derby University in the UK thinks that we shuld welcme change,even thugh peple will lse their jbs.
“Artificial intelligence will destry jbs—s why nt use it fr a scial gd such as learning?” he asked.






参考范文
The article intrduces the pssibility f a rbt teacher in the future.(要点1) Thugh rbts may replace humans in factries,it is impssible that teaching will be dne by rbts.(要点2) Teachers use sft skills such as feedback and persnal care at classrms.Hwever,nline rbt teachers will knw a learner’s weaknesses and strengths,s they prvide efficient teaching.(要点3)Sme cmpanies prvide free curses nline but students lack mtivatin t finish their lessns.Anyway,AI is welcmed t d gd t learning.( 要点 4)