人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection一课一练

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection一课一练，共13页。试卷主要包含了graph n，emissin n，eclgy n，release vt.& n，trend n，plicy n，ftprint n等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．graph n．图；图表；曲线图
2．emissin n．排放物；散发物；排放
3．melt vi.& vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化
4．eclgy n．生态；生态学
5．release vt.& n．排放；释放；发布
6．wrldwide adv.遍及全球地 adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的
7．trend n．趋势；趋向；动向
8．bradcast vt.& vi.播送；广播；传播
9．plicy n．政策；方针；原则
10．ftprint n．足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积
11．seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
12．starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→starvatin n．挨饿；饿死
13．habitable adj.适合居住的→habitat n．栖息地①
14．sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住→sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的
15．cmprehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的→cmprehensin n．理解；理解力
16．frequently adv.频繁地；经常→frequent adj.频繁的；经常的
17．restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚→restrictin n．限制规定；限制法规；约束②
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．alng with和……一起
2．have an impact n对……有影响
3．refer t指的是
4．huge amunts f大量的
5．be trapped in被包裹在……
6．take actin采取行动
7．result in导致
8．take respnsibility fr为……负责任
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．dubt后接同位语从句
There is little dubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.
几乎没有疑问：地球变得越来越热了。
2．which引导非限制性定语从句
Climate scientists ften mentin a key climate prcess called the “greenhuse effect”，which has tw cmmn meanings...
气候科学家经常提到一个被称为“温室效应”的关键气候过程，它有两个常见的含义……
3．that引导同位语从句
The “natural” greenhuse effect refers t the fact that heat frm the sun enters the atmsphere and warms Earth’s surface as shrt­wave radiatin.
这个“自然的”温室效应是指来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地球表面变暖。
4．withut引起虚拟语气
Withut this prcess，Earth culd nt sustain life.
如果没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。
重点词汇
An expert wh has studied plar bears fr many years said that frm the psitin f its dead bdy，the bear appeared t have starved and died.一位研究北极熊多年的专家说，从北极熊尸体的位置来看，它好像是饿死的。
starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死
(1)The girl is starving herself in rder t lse weight.
这个女孩为了减肥正在节食。
(2)If we can’t find enugh fd，we may starve t death.
如果我们找不到足够的食物，我们可能会饿死的。
(3)The enemy tried t starve him int giving in.
敌人试图断绝他的食物来逼他屈服。
(4)Millins f peple will face starvatin(starve) next year as a result f the drught.
由于发生旱灾，明年将有数百万人面临饥饿。
The “natural” greenhuse effect refers t the fact that heat frm the sun enters the atmsphere and warms Earth’s surface as shrt­wave radiatin.这个“自然的”温室效应是指来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地球表面变暖。
refer t 指的是；提到，说起；参考；涉及
[一词多义] 写出下列句子中refer t的汉语意思
(1)She referred t the subject several times during the speech.提到
(2)These ntes refer t the case f a murderer.涉及
(3)Yu can refer t the bk while writing the article.参考
(4)When I spke f that girl，I wasn’t referring t her daughter.指的是
(5)When learning English，yu can buy a dictinary fr reference(refer)．
学英语时，你可以买本词典来参考。
(6)In reference t yur questin abut cst，the tickets fr the film are 35 yuan each.
关于你询问的价格，那部电影的票价是每张35元。
The heat is released back int space at lnger wave lengths.
热量以更长的波长被释放回太空。
release vt.& n.排放；释放；发布
eq \x(把……从……释放)
(1)The factry keeps releasing smke，making the air dirty.
这家工厂不断地排放烟雾，使空气变脏。
(2)The new sftware is planned fr release in April.
新软件计划在四月份发布。
(3)The kind girl decided t release the bird frm the cage.
这个善良的女孩决定把小鸟从笼子里放出去。
[高级表达]
(4)I’m eager t buy the CD which was released last mnth.
I’m eager t buy the CD released last mnth.(用非谓语动词改写)
Withut this prcess，Earth culd nt sustain life.
如果没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。
sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住
eq \x(sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的)
(1)I nly had a little chclate t sustain me n my walk.
我只有一点巧克力来支撑我走路。
(2)Be careful! The ice is nt thick enugh t sustain yur weight.
小心！这冰不够厚，难以承受你的体重。
(3)Tday，sustainable(sustain) develpment is a ppular trend in many cuntries.
如今，可持续发展在很多国家是一种流行趋势。
We as individuals can als reduce ur “carbn ftprint” by restricting the amunt f carbn dixide ur lifestyles prduce.我们个人也可以通过限制我们的生活方式产生的二氧化碳的量来减少“碳足迹”。
restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚
(1)We restrict the number f students per class t 10.
我们将每个班的学生人数限制在10人。
(2)In thse days wmen led fairly restricted(restrict) lives.
那时，妇女过着相当受限制的生活。
(3)The gvernment has agreed t lift restrictins(restrict) n press freedm.
政府已经同意解除对新闻自由的限制。
(4)They will hld a meeting t discuss the restrictive (restrict) laws.
他们将要开会讨论那些限制性的法律。
It is ur respnsibility t seize every pprtunity t educate everyne abut glbal warming，alng with its causes and impacts，because this is the mst serius issue affecting all f us n this planet.抓住每个机会来教育大家了解全球变暖及其原因和影响的知识是我们的责任，因为这是影响地球上所有人的最严重的问题。
seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
(1)I was ready t pay fr my bananas at the grcery ne night，when fear seized me.(2019·天津)
一天晚上，我在杂货店里正准备付钱买香蕉时恐惧攫住了我。
(2)I was walking in the street when a by suddenly seized me by the arm.
我正在街上走着，这时一个男孩抓住了我的胳膊。
(3)Bb seized n/upn the rain as an excuse fr missing schl.
鲍勃以下雨为借口不去上学。
[高级表达]
(4)It is said that the city which was seized by the enemy was very ld.
It is said that the city seized by the enemy was very ld.(用非谓语动词改写)
经典句式
There is little dubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.几乎没有疑问：地球变得越来越热了。
(1)There is n dubt that in yur mind he is inncent，is there?
你内心相信他是清白的，对吗？
(2)There is sme dubt whether he will succeed.
他是否会成功，尚存疑问。
(3)I have n dubt that yu can d this jb well.
我完全相信你有能力做好这项工作。
(4)I dn’t dubt that the gld ring belngs t her.
我不怀疑那枚金戒指是她的。
(5)I dubt if/whether that chair will bear yur weight.
我怀疑那把椅子是否能承受住你的体重。
Withut this prcess，Earth culd nt sustain life.
如果没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。
(1)Withut air and water，there wuld be n life n the earth.
如果没有空气和水，地球上将没有生命。
(2)With yur help，I wuld d the experiment well.
有了你的帮助，我会把这个实验做好。
(3)I am really busy，therwise/r I wuld certainly g with yu.
我真的很忙，否则我一定跟你一起去。
(4)The ship wuld have sunk with all the peple n bard but fr the effrts f the captain.
要不是船长的努力，这艘船及船上所有的人都沉没了。
[句型转换]
(5)Withut his help，I culdn’t have succeeded.
If he hadn’t helped me，I culdn’t have succeeded.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．There is n dubt that their team will win the final game.
2．Withut exams，the students wuld lead(lead) an easier life.
3．I dn’t knw the specialist referred(refer) t in the speech.
4．He was cmfrting the ld man released(release) frm the hle.
5．The expert tld us that this animal died f starvatin(starve)．
6．The surgen seized the pickpcket by the cllar.
7．There will be a lecture n sustainable(sustain) ecnmic grwth next Sunday.
8．The restrictin(restrict) f press freedm is seen as an abuse f human rights.
Ⅱ.完成句子
9．There is sme dubt whether the new system will wrk.这个新系统能否起作用，还有些疑问。
10．Withut his advice，they culdn’t have seized the imprtant chance.
没有他的建议，他们不可能抓住那个重要的机会。
11．The mther decided t starve her sn int giving up cmputer games.
这位母亲决定通过让她的儿子挨饿来放弃电脑游戏。
12．He was s busy that he frgt t release the pet dg frm the cage.
他那么忙，忘记了把宠物狗从笼子里放出来。
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The huse shuld be habitable(适合居住的) by the new year.
2．The cnsultant was busy studying the cmprehensive(详尽的) reprt then.
3．Oil pllutin culd damage the eclgy(生态学) f the cral reefs.
4．There is a grwing trend twards earlier retirement in that cuntry.
5．The by will try his best t seize the glden chance t g abrad.
6．Because f the plicy(政策) f refrm and pening，China has taken n a new lk ver the past decades.
7．Generally speaking，having small children tends t restrict yur freedm.
8．The bad news is that the ice has begun t melt as a result f glbal warming.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
9．The smell released(release) frm the hle made us a little sick.
10．The thieves seized(seize) by the plicemen were taken t the plice statin.
11．The gvernment placed restrictins(restrict) n sales f weapns.
12．I used t g t that ld temple frequently(frequent) as a child.
13．China will remain a large and sustainable(sustain) cnsumer f raw materials.
14．Thusands f men，wmen and children there are facing starvatin(starve) nw.
15．Mst f the citizens were interested in the news bradcast(bradcast) yesterday.
Ⅲ.单句写作
16．市民们是否会接受这项新政策还有些疑问。(dubt)
There is sme dubt whether the citizens will accept the new plicy.
17．如果没有互联网，我们的生活会艰难得多。(withut)
Withut the Internet，ur life wuld be much harder.
18．这个公园对公众开放，没有任何限制。(restrictin)
The park is pen t the public withut restrictin.
19．他在服刑五年后从狱中被释放出来。(release)
He was released frm prisn after serving a sentence f five years.
20．救援人员到达时，幸存者们正在挨饿。(starve)
When the rescuers arrived，the survivrs were starving.
能力提升
Ⅳ.阅读理解
We prduce 500 billin f plastic bags in a year wrldwide and they are thrwn away plluting ceans，killing wildlife and getting dumped in landfills where they take up t 1,000 years t decmpse.Researchers have been unsuccessfully lking fr a slutin.
The 16­year­ld Canadian high schl student，Daniel Burd，frm Waterl Cllegiate Institute，has discvered a way t make plastic bags degrade(降解) in as few as three mnths，a finding that wn him first prize at the Canada­Wide Science Fair，a $10,000 prize，a $20,000 schlarship，and a chance t revlutinize a majr envirnmental issue.
Burd’s strategy was simple：Since plastic des eventually degrade，it must be eaten by micrrganisms(微生物)．If thse micrrganisms culd be identified，we culd put them t wrk eating the plastic much faster than under nrmal cnditins.
With this gal in mind，he grunded plastic bags int a pwder and cnccted(调制) a slutin f husehld chemicals，yeast(酵母) and tap water t encurage micrbes grwth.Then he added the plastic pwder and let the micrbes wrk their magic fr three mnths.Finally，he tested the resulting bacterial culture n plastic bags，expsing ne plastic sample t dead bacteria as a cntrl.Sure enugh，the plastic expsed t the live bacteria was 17% lighter than the cntrl after six weeks.
The inputs are cheap：maintaining the required temperature takes little energy because micrbes prduce heat as they wrk，and the nly utputs are water and tiny levels f carbn dixide.
“Almst every week I have t d chres and when I pen the clset dr，I have piles f plastic bags falling n tp f me.One day，I gt tired f it and I wanted t knw what ther peple are ding with these plastic bags.The answer：nt much.S I decided t d smething myself，” said Daniel Burd.
1．Daniel Burd wn first prize at the Canada­Wide Science Fair because .
A．he fund a way t degrade plastics in a shrter time
B．he cntributed much t envirnmental prtectin
C．he fund a new kind f micrrganism
D．he culd encurage micrbes grwth in an easier way
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ discvered a way t make plastic bags degrade(降解) in as few as three mnths，a finding that wn him first prize at the Canada­Wide Science Fair...”可知，Daniel Burd 因发现了短时间内降解塑料袋的方法而获奖。故选A。
2．Daniel Burd expsed ne plastic sample t dead bacteria t .
A．make the live bacteria wrk better
B．knw which bacteria wrked faster
C．test hw effective his methd was
D．cntrl the temperature in the prcess
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段第三句“Finally，he tested the resulting bacterial culture n plastic bags，expsing ne plastic sample t dead bacteria as a cntrl.”可知，他这样做的目的在于测试他的方法是否有效。故选C。
3．Maintaining the required temperature takes little energy because .
A．plastics can get ht easily
B．micrbes can prduce heat themselves
C．much carbn dixide is prduced
D．the temperature can be cntrlled
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“ the required temperature takes little energy because micrbes prduce heat as they wrk...”可知，这是因为细菌在工作的时候会产生热量。故选B。
4．Daniel Burd gt his idea frm .
A．his schl textbk
B．the failure f researchers
C．his everyday wrk
D．the practice f ther peple
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段Daniel Burd说的话“Almst every week I have t d chres and when I pen the clset I decided t d smething myself.”可知，他是在日常家务劳动中得到的启发。故选C。
Ⅴ.完形填空
The ther evening we had a knck at the dr.It was a new neighbr wh intrduced himself and his bys t us.He als 1 us t a blck party as a way t knw the peple in the neighbrhd as well as celebrate the first anniversary f his tw 2 sns cming t live with him.
We’ve lived here almst six years and n ne has ever cme t intrduce themselves.I suppse we shuld have 3 it n t intrduce urselves t peple mving in，but we haven’t.In my pinin，it tk the initiative(首创) f a yung man and his adpted sns t shw me hw I culd 4 better attentin t my wn cmmunity.I have many 5 friends but I have t admit that I haven’t usually been the ne t develp the 6 in my wn neighbrhd.
This experience 7 me f ne f my favrite qutes: “When I was a yung man，I wanted t change the wrld.I fund it was 8 t change the wrld，s I tried t change my natin.When I fund I culdn’t change the natin，I began t 9 my twn.I culdn’t change the twn and as an lder man，I tried t change my 10 .Nw，as an ld man，I 11 the nly thing I can change is myself，and 12 I realize that if lng ag I had changed myself，I culd have made an impact n my family and 13 n my twn.The impact culd have changed the natin and I culd 14 have changed the wrld.”
Fr thse f us wh want t make a(n) 15 in the wrld，it’s imprtant that we remember what Bucky Fuller said，“Think glbally，but act lcally.” Fr me，I’m ging t make it a pint t meet mre f my neighbrs—starting nw.
1．A.invited B．cmmanded
C．persuaded D．encuraged
答案 A
解析 根据空后的“us t a blck party”可知，他还邀请(invite)我们参加一个街区聚会。
2．A.adpted B．accepted
C．adapted D．annyed
答案 A
解析 根据下文中的“his adpted sns”可知，他的两个儿子是收养的(adpted)。
3．A.put B．made
C．taken D．turned
答案 C
解析 根据空后的“it n t intrduce urselves t peple mving in，but we haven’t”可知，我们本应该向刚搬进来的邻居作自我介绍，take n表示“承担……”。
4．A.draw B．lse
C．pay D．ffer
答案 C
解析 根据空后的“better attentin t my wn cmmunity”可知，这个年轻男人的做法让我更注意我所居住的社区，pay attentin t注意。
5．A.freign B．lcal
C．ld D．rich
答案 B
解析 根据空后的“in my wn neighbrhd”可知，我有很多当地的(lcal)朋友。
6．A.truble B．friendship
C．cncern D．business
答案 B
解析 上文说我在当地有很多朋友，再结合转折连词but可知，但是我承认通常我不是在我的所在地主动发展友谊(friendship)的那个人，与前面的friends相对应。
7．A.reminded B．tld
C．warned D．cnvinced
答案 A
解析 根据空后的“me f ne f my favrite qutes”可知，这个经历让我想起(remind)了一句我最喜欢的名言。
8．A.difficult B．easy
C．interesting D．right
答案 A
解析 根据空后的“t change the wrld，s I tried t change my natin”可知，此处是说我发现很难(difficult)改变世界，于是我努力改变我的国家。
9．A.make ut B．cncentrate n
C．get int D．refer t
答案 B
解析 根据空前的“When I fund I culdn’t change the natin”可知，当我发现我不能改变我的国家的时候，我集中精力于(cncentrate n)我的城镇。
10．A.state B．family
C．twn D．mind
答案 B
解析 根据下文中的“made an impact n my family”可知，此处是说我想改变我的家庭(family)。
11．A.explain B．frget
C．realize D．regret
答案 C
解析 根据上文内容及本空后的“the nly thing I can change is myself”可知，最后我意识到(realize)我能改变的只是我自己。
12．A.happily B．suddenly
C．actually D．luckily
答案 B
解析 根据空后的“I realize that if lng ag I had changed myself，I culd have made an impact n my family”可知，我突然(suddenly)意识到如果我早改变自己的话，我早就能改变家庭了。
13．A.merely B．still
C．nly D．even
答案 D
解析 根据空后的“n my twn”可知，如果我早改变自己的话，我早就能改变家庭了，甚至(even)改变我的城镇。
14．A.indeed B．hardly
C．never D．seldm
答案 A
解析 根据空前的“The impact culd have changed the natin”可知，我的确(indeed)能改变世界了。
15．A.decisin B．difference
C．aplgy D．mistake
答案 B
解析 此处是说对于那些想对世界有影响(make a difference)的人来说，记住Bucky Fuller说的话很重要。
Ⅵ.语法填空
“Save envirnment，save life” is a mst cmmn and imprtant saying nwadays.Just by making a few small changes，we can make a big cntributin and save ur envirnment.When the entire sciety starts making these changes，we 1. (create) a beautiful wrld.
Start by 2. (turn) ff the lights，TVs and ther electrical items when we leave a rm.If pssible，avid using a dryer but hang yur clthes n a clthesline.Nt nly will yu save pwer and reduce yur cntributin t 3. (glbe) warming，but als yu will have clthes that last lnger.
Replace plastic bags 4. recycling paper bags.The white pllutin is ne f the 5. (big) envirnmental prblems that are nw trubling the whle wrld.
D yur bit fr nature by planting a tree.If all f us plant trees,6. will make the whle wrld green.
Aside frm 7. is mentined abve，there are many things yu can d as far as envirnmental 8. (prtect) is cncerned.Just pay attentin t yur wn deeds that are cntributing 9. the envirnmental prblems n this planet.Just d yur bit and it will make a big 10. (different)．
1．答案 will create
解析 考查时态。句意为：当全社会都开始做出这些改变时，我们将会创造一个美丽的世界。根据语境可知此处表示将来含义。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。
2．答案 turning
解析 考查非谓语动词。介词by后应加动名词作宾语，故填turning。
3．答案 glbal
解析 考查形容词。warming在此是名词，意为“变暖；升温”，修饰名词应用形容词glbal。
4．答案 with/by
解析 考查固定搭配。为固定结构，意为“用……代替……”。
5．答案 biggest
解析 考查形容词最高级。“ne f the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”为固定结构，意为“……中最……之一”。故此处应用形容词最高级，故填biggest。
6．答案 we
解析 考查代词。根据句意“如果我们都植树，我们将会使整个世界变绿”可知，此处应填人称代词主格we。
7．答案 what
解析 考查连接词。句意为：除了上述提到的……，填what，表示“所……的”。
8．答案 prtectin
解析 考查名词。根据空前的形容词可知设空处应填名词，envirnmental prtectin意为“环境保护”，符合句意。
9．答案 t
解析 考查固定搭配。cntribute t为固定搭配，意为“促成，造成”。
10．答案 difference
解析 考查名词。形容词big应修饰名词，make a big difference是固定表达，意为“意义重大；产生很大影响”。掌握规律 巧记单词
①habitat n.栖息地→habitable adj.适合居住的 例如：adjust→adjustable
②restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚→restrictin n.限制规定；限制法规；约束 例如：adpt→adptin
※starve t death饿死
starve sb.int ding sth.断绝食物(或资金)来源以迫使某人做某事
※starvatin n．饥饿；饿死
die f/frm starvatin饿死
※starved adj.饥饿的；缺乏的
reference n.提及；谈到；参考
in/with reference t关于
※把……限制在……
※restrictin n.限制
※restricted adj.有限的；受限制的
※restrictive adj.限制性的；约束的
seize sb.by the arm抓住某人的胳膊
seize n/upn抓住；突然对……大为关注
※本句中的dubt后接同位语从句，说明dubt的具体内容。
※dubt的常见句型：
There is sme dubt whether...……有些疑问。
There is n dubt that...……是毫无疑问的。
I dubt have sme dubt whether...我怀疑……
I dn’t dubt have n dubt that...
我毫不怀疑……
※本句中的withut this prcess是介词短语，相当于条件状语从句，引起虚拟语气。
※类似用法的还有：with，therwise，r，but fr等。
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