外研版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 3 On the move同步练习题

Period 4　Writing

运动锻炼(Writing a sports story)

假定你是李华,你的朋友Lily因为节食减肥而生病了,请根据下列要点用英语给她写一封80词左右的电子邮件鼓励她加强锻炼,早日恢复健康。

1.坚持健康的饮食;

2.养成良好的生活习惯;

3.保持愉快的心情。

Dear Lily,

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

Yours,

 Li Hua

①苗条的　　　　　　　　slim　

②身材 figure

③健康的饮食 a healthy diet

④定期的,经常的 regular

⑤锻炼 exercise

⑥良好的生活习惯 a good living habit

⑦同等重要 equally important

⑧恢复,康复 recovery

⑨有用 be of help

①I’m sorry to hear that...

②Now I’d like to ...

③It’s very important to ...

④Besides, a cheerful state of mind is...

⑤Hope that ...

Dear Lily,

I’m sorry to 1.hear that you were ill(听说你生病了).Everyone hopes 2.to have a slim figure(拥有苗条的身材), but we know that nothing 3.is more important than health(比健康更重要).I’d like to tell you some ways to keep healthy. 

First,4.a healthy diet is good for you(健康的饮食对你有好处).Eat more fresh fruit and vegetables with rich vitamins and fibre.Second, 5.it’s very important to have good living habits(良好的生活习惯很重要), which include doing regular exercise and having enough sleep.Besides, a cheerful state of mind 6.is equally important to our health(对我们的健康同样重要). 

Hope that my advice will be of some help and wish you a quick recovery!

Yours,

Li Hua

假定你是李华,你的加拿大笔友Harry 上周写信询问你的体育爱好。请根据以下要点给他写一封回信,内容包括:

　　1.你喜欢的运动项目及原因;

2.何时喜欢上这项运动,现在参加该运动的情况如何;

3.询问对方的体育爱好。

注意:1.词数80左右;

2.开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数;

3.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

Dear Harry,

I am glad to receive your letter. 

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

【参考范文】

Dear Harry,

I am glad to receive your letter. Now I’m writing to tell you about my favorite sport.

Of all the sports,I like table tennis best.I think playing table tennis is beneficial to both physical and mental health.What’s more, it makes me more energetic and effective in my study.I began to show great interest in it at the age of seven.Now I’m in the school table tennis team.To improve my skills, I practice playing table tennis with my friends every weekend.

By the way, I’m curious about your hobby.Would you please tell me about it? Looking forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

Passage 1

(2020·全国Ⅰ卷·C)

　　Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries.It does, however, have its own problem.

　　Race walkers are conditioned athletes.The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon.But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground at all times.It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.

　　Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says.According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.

　　However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr.Norberg says.According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.

　　As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport.In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says.It takes some practice.

【语篇概述】本文是说明文。虽然竞走与跑步一样都有助于健康,但竞走运动与跑步不同。竞走者必须是有一定条件的运动员,而且需要练习,需要教练或有经验的竞走者的指导。

1.Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?

A.They must run long distances.

B.They are qualified for the marathon.

C.They have to follow special rules.

D.They are good at swinging their legs.

【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段对竞走运动的介绍可知,竞走需要一定的条件:距离长,竞走者的腿在跑动时必须是直的,而且前后脚交替着地。因此,C项“竞走者必须遵循一定的规则”符合题意。

2.What advantage does race walking have over running?

A.It’s more popular at the Olympics.　

B.It’s less challenging physically.

C.It’s more effective in body building. 

D.It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“因此,她说,一些与跑步有关的损伤,比如跑步者的膝盖(的损伤),在竞走者中并不常见。”也就是说竞走对膝盖的伤害比跑步要小。故选D。

3.What is Dr.Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?

A.Getting experts’ opinions.

B.Having a medical checkup.

C.Hiring an experienced coach.

D.Doing regular exercises.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“她说,事实上,任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走者,学习适当的技术。”可知,诺伯格博士建议想参与竞走运动的人先听一听专家的意见。故选A。

4.Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?

A.Skeptical.　　　　　B.Objective.

C.Tolerant. D.Conservative.

【解析】选B。观点态度题。作者介绍了竞走与跑步的不同,并引用了一些研究成果。所以,作者对竞走的态度是客观的。故选B。

应试教育中,片面追求分数至上,使体育锻炼常常被忽视。随着教育改革的逐步深入,素质教育的逐步推进,初升高将体育成绩纳入中考总分中,大学自主招生也安排体能测试。国家教育政策的改变,使越来越多的家长、学生开始重视体育运动。体育与健康也即将成为学校继语数英三主科之后的重要学科之一。这既是从错误的经验教训里反省的表现,也是从体育运动本身的积极影响中看到希望。科学锻炼、增强体质是时代的要求。

●Main idea:The benefits and some advice about race walking.

●Para.1:Race walking has many 1.fitness benefits and 2.its own problem as well. 

●Para.2:It’s 3.this strange form of race walking, which makes it attractive. 

●Paras.3～4:Benefits of race walking: 4.burn more calories and 5.creat less body weight than walking. 

●Para.5:Advice about race walking: 6.consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper techniques. 

核心词汇试填

①contribute to 有助于,捐献 

②straight adj.直的,笔直的

③demanding adj.费力的

④research n./v.研究

⑤as a result 因此,结果 

⑥consult v.咨询,询问

Passage 2

  (2021·浙江高考)

　　In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 　1　 that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas. 

BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 　2　 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.It is calculated by dividing a 　3　 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared,and a BMI of between 19 and 25 　4　 (consider) healthy. 

The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 　5　 2.1 in women and men.In cities, however, the gain 　6　 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI.In 1985,urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 　7　 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 　8　(sharp). 

This may be due to some disadvantages for people 　9　 (live) in the countryside, including 　10　 (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 

1.　　　　　　2.　　　　　　3.　　　　　 

4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　　6.　　　　　 

7.　　　　　　8.　　　　　　9.　　　　　 

10.　　　　 

【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今世界各地的人体重越来越超标,主要是由于农村地区的体重指数(BMI)增加,并分析了其中的原因。

1.【解析】and。考查连词。句意:在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中,科学家们发现,世界各地的人们体重越来越重,而体重指数的上升主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知,that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas都是found引导的宾语从句,是并列关系,故填and。

2.【解析】that/which。考查定语从句。句意:BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具,它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知,tool是先行词,且在定语从句中作主语,故关系词填that/which。

3.【解析】person’s。考查名词所有格。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(千克)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,空格处是修饰名词weight的形容词,用 person的名词所有格。故填person’s。

4.【解析】is considered。考查动词语态。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(千克)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语(a BMI)是单数,时态是一般现在时,且主语和consider是被动关系,故填is considered。

5.【解析】by。考查介词。句意:研究发现,1985年至2017年间,农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”;increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值(18.5—23.9)可知,increase by符合语境,故填by。

6.【解析】was。考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意:然而,在城市中,女性增加了1.3,男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语(gain)是单数,时态是一般过去时,故填was。

7.【解析】studied。考查非谓语动词。句意:1985年,在被研究的国家中,超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMI高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语是had,所以study用非谓语动词形式,它的逻辑主语是countries,study与主语之间是被动关系,故填studied。

8.【解析】sharply。考查副词。句意:但30年后,许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知,sharp是要修饰动词narrowed,用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。

9.【解析】living。考查非谓语动词。句意:这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较低的收入和教育水平,较高的健康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知,句子已有谓语may be,故live用非谓语动词形式,它的逻辑主语是people,live与主语之间是主动关系,作定语,用现在分词形式,故填living。

10.【解析】lower。考查形容词比较级。句意:这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较低的收入和教育水平,较高的健康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知,including后说明的是一些不利条件,且下文有higher和fewer,是并列关系,所以low也应该用比较级形式,故填lower。

青少年时期是身心健康和各项身体素质发展的关键时期。青少年的体质和健康水平不仅关系个人的健康成长和幸福生活,而且关系整个民族的健康素质和我国人才培养的质量。广大青少年要养成良好的生活习惯,注意健康饮食,加强身体锻炼,不断提高身体素质,为自己未来的美好生活和国家建设奠定坚实的基础。

In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier and that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.

分析:本句是一个主从复合句,主句谓语动词found有and连接的两个宾语从句,这两个从句均由连词that引导。

翻译: 在一项对200个国家33年来体重指数趋势的研究中,科学家们发现,世界各地的人们体重越来越重,而体重指数的上升主要是由于农村地区体重指数的上升。