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高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 1 Food for thought巩固练习
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这是一份高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 1 Food for thought巩固练习，文件包含20212022版新教材高中英语Unit1Foodforthought课件外研版必修第二册ppt、20212022版新教材高中英语Unit1Foodforthought单元测评含解析外研版必修第二册doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共27页， 欢迎下载使用。
Unit1 Food for thought
必备词汇速记
温馨提示:□为自测框,记住的词汇前面可以打√。快来自测一下吧!重点单词·快速记 □dare modal verb 胆敢,敢于□wedding n. 婚礼□sort n.种,类□typical adj. 典型的,有代表性的□gather v.聚集□bite n. 咬
□china n. 瓷,瓷料□symbol n. 象征,标志□function n. (事物的)功能;作用□download v. 下载(信息或程序) □diet n.日常饮食□tip n. 指点,建议□custom n. 风俗,习惯,传统□manners n.礼貌,礼仪
□handle n. 柄,把手□bitter adj. 苦的,有苦味的□recommend v. 推荐□attack v. 侵袭,侵蚀□ranking n.排行,排名□resist v.忍住,按捺
拓展单词·联想记 □marriage n.婚姻→marry v.嫁;娶;结婚→married adj.已婚的□horrible adj.糟糕的;可怕的 →horribly adv.糟糕地;可怕地 →horror n.恐怖□poison n.毒素;毒物;毒药 v.毒死,对……有毒→poisonous adj.有毒的□related adj.有关系的;相关的→relate v. 和……有关系→relation n.关系□addict n.对……着迷的人→addiction n.上瘾;沉溺→addicted adj.上瘾的 □differ v.不同,不一样,有区别 → different adj.不同的→ difference n. 区别,不同
□construction n.建造;建筑→ construct v.建造;建筑→reconstruct v.重建;再建□satisfying adj.令人高兴的;令人满意的→satisfied adj.感到高兴的;感到满意的→satisfaction n.高兴;满意□convenient adj.方便的;便利的→conveniently adv.方便地→ convenience n.方便□originally adv.原先;最初→original adj.原始的;最初的→ origin n.起源
重点短语·高效记 □thanks to 幸亏;由于□suffer from 受害于……;受……之苦□in one’s opinion 在某人看来□be shocked at/by... 对……感到震惊□in case 以防万一
□belong to 属于□end up (尤指经历一系列意外后)最终处于;到头来□catch up 打听(不在时所发生的事情);别后叙谈□adapt to 适应□pick up 买;购买
NO.1 sort n.种;类v.分类;挑选 【教材语境】But I enjoy that sort of food myself.(P3) 但是我自己喜欢那种食物。
核心词汇探究
【语块归纳】 sort out 分类;整理;(从……中)挑选出sort out...from... 把……从……中挑选/辨别出来a sort of 一种all sorts of 各种各样的sort of 有点儿,有几分;稍微
【语境助记】▶I spent an hour sorting out the emails I had received.我花了一个小时将我收到的电子邮件分类整理。▶We must sort out the good apples from the bad ones.咱们必须把好的苹果从坏的那些里面拣出来。▶The new approach can be used to deal with all sorts of different problems.这个新方法可用于解决各种各样不同的问题。
▶Imagine a group of drones flying over a field of crops, using sensors on the ground to sort,pick,feed,and water plants all on their own.想象一下一群无人机飞过庄稼地,利用地面传感器独自地对植物进行分类,挑选,施肥和浇水。
【链接高考】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.他告诉我,这种工作使你欣赏你挣的钱,使你尊重从事这种工作的劳动者。
NO.2 typical adj.典型的,有代表性的 【教材语境】 He also does a typical Sunday roast.(P3)他也会做典型的周日烧烤。
【语块归纳】 be typical of 典型的,特有的It is typical of sb.to do sth. 某人做某事是经常的;某人一贯好做某事typically adv.通常,一般;典型地
【语境助记】▶The program can model a typical home page for you.这个程序可以帮你制作一份典型的主页模型。▶A typical working day for me begins at 7:30.我的工作日一般在7:30开始。▶This pattern of woods and fields is typical of the English landscape.这是具有典型英格兰风景特征的森林与田野。
NO.3 gather v.聚集;聚拢【教材语境】 I gathered all my courage to take a bite and was amazed to find it wasn’t so bad.(P3)我鼓足勇气咬了一口,惊奇地发现没那么糟。
【语块归纳】gather one’s strength 积蓄力量gather up 集中;聚拢gathering n.聚会;集会
【语境助记】▶We’ll gather at the Students’ Club at 8 p.m.this Friday.我们本周五晚上八点在学生俱乐部集合。▶He gathered (up) all his strength and decided to attend a job interview.他鼓起所有的勇气,决定去参加求职面试。▶Gathering around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.围在篝火旁,游客和当地人翩翩起舞。
NO.4bite(bit-bitten-biting) n.&v.咬 【教材语境】 I gathered all my courage to take a bite and was amazed to find it wasn’t so bad.(P3)我鼓足勇气咬了一口,惊奇地发现没那么糟。
【语块归纳】 take a bite 咬一口bite back (at sb./sth.) 反击;反驳(某人/某物)bite into sth. 咬(或切、陷等)入某物
【语境助记】 ▶The dog bit him on his behind.狗咬了他的屁股。▶The wound from the dog bite had become infected.被狗咬的伤口感染了。▶Even the weakest animal will bite back when it is cornered.要是被逼急了,甚至最弱小的动物也会回咬一口。
NO.5 thanks to由于;幸亏 【教材语境】 Thanks to this,Dad has come to love hot pot! (P2)因为这一点,父亲开始喜欢上火锅!
【语块归纳】
【语境助记】▶Thanks to your help,I am successful in the end.多亏了你的帮助,我最终成功了。▶They moved here because of the baby.他们为了孩子搬到这里。▶Due to the fact that they did not read English, the prisoners were unaware of what they were signing.这些囚犯由于看不懂英语,不知道自己在签什么。
NO.6 be shocked by/at...对……感到震惊 【教材语境】 He was even shocked at their wedding when he saw how the Chinese ate almost every part of an animal.(P2)当他看到中国人几乎吃动物的每一部分时,他甚至对他们的婚礼感到震惊。
【语块归纳】
【语境助记】▶All of us are shocked at his situation in the company.我们所有人都对他在公司的处境感到震惊。▶The ending of this play is very shocking.这出戏的结局真令人震惊。▶Neighbors were shocked that such an attack could happen in their area.这样的袭击发生在他们地区,邻居们大为惊骇。
NO.7suffer from遭受;忍受;患病【教材语境】 We all love roast beef and vegetables, but Mum says we’d better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies, according to traditional Chinese medicine.(P3)我们都喜欢烤牛肉和蔬菜,但是妈妈说我们最好不要吃太多的烧烤食品,因为根据中医,烧烤食物可能会使我们遭受体内火气过旺之苦。
【语块归纳】suffer vt.& vi.遭受,受苦;感到疼痛suffer loss/pain 遭受损失/痛苦suffering n.痛苦,疼痛;苦难;折磨sufferer n.患病者;受苦者
【语境助记】▶The party was suffering a crisis of confidence among its supporters.这个政党在其支持者中正遭受信任危机。▶In these days of technological change we all suffer from information overload.在这科技日新月异的时代,过多的信息使人人都应接不暇。
Period 2 Using languageNO.1 tip n.指点;建议;小费;尖端v.给小费【语境助记】 Complete the tips for good table manners with the correct form of the modals in Activity 1.(P5)用Activity 1中情态动词的正确形式完成关于良好餐桌礼仪的提示。
【语块归纳】 on the tip of one’s tongue话在嘴边上the tip of the iceberg (问题的)冰山一角
【语境助记】 ▶His name’s on the tip of my tongue, but I just can’t think of it.他的名字就在嘴边,可我就是想不起来。▶And these knowledge gaps are just the tip of the iceberg.而这些知识上的差距只是冰山一角。【链接高考】(2020·江苏高考) So I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.所以我觉得在日常生活中加入一些幽默技巧会是有用的。
NO.2handle n.柄;把手v.处理;应对;操控 【教材语境】 When you finish your meal, you had better place your knife and fork together on your plate with the handles at the four o’clock position.(P5)吃完饭后,你最好把刀叉一起放在盘子上,刀柄放在四点钟的位置。
【语块归纳】 handle pressure应对压力ability to handle sth.应对某事的能力difficult/easy/hard to handle不容易驾驭/好驾驭/难驾驭【语境助记】 ▶It is difficult to handle pressure in this job.要应付这一工作的压力不容易。
【链接高考】(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)If you do, you won’t be able to handle it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ruins everyone’s day.如果你这样做了,你将无法处理它,整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场面,毁了每个人的一天。
【巧学助记】后缀-le助记单词
NO.3diet n.日常饮食v.节食;按规定进食 【教材语境】If you dare not try a “painful”diet to stay healthy, this new app is the perfect solution—and you needn’t pay for it!(P5)如果你不敢尝试“痛苦的”饮食来保持健康,这个新应用程序就是完美的解决方案——并且你不需要为此付费。
【语块归纳】 a balanced diet 均衡的饮食healthy diet 健康的饮食on a diet 在节食;在按规定饮食
【语境助记】 ▶Healthy diet consists largely of vegetables.健康的日常饮食以蔬菜为主。▶A balanced diet plays an important role in the management of the disease.均衡的饮食对于这种疾病的治疗起着重要作用。▶Have you been on a diet recently? You’ve lost a lot of weight.你最近在节食吗?你瘦了好多。
NO.4addict n.对……着迷的人【教材语境】 So, if you’re a sugar addict and aren’t able to say no to chocolate or cola, you had better download it now!(P5)所以,如果你是一个对糖成瘾的人,你不能拒绝巧克力或可乐,你最好现在下载它!
【语块归纳】 addiction n.瘾;入迷;嗜好addicted 上瘾的;沉溺于……的be addicted to 对……上瘾;沉溺于……
【语境助记】 ▶I went through about four years of being addicted to video games. 我大约有4年时间沉迷在电子游戏中。▶Addiction to drugs can bring a lot of other problems.毒瘾会带来许多其他问题。
NO.5differ v.不同;不一样;有区别【教材语境】 Table manners, however, can differ in different situations.(P5)然而,餐桌礼仪在不同的情况下会有所不同。
【语块归纳】 different adj.不同的;有区别的difference n.区别;不同differ from... 与……不同differ in... 在……方面不同be different from... 和……不同be different in... 在……方面不同
【语境助记】 ▶Medical opinion differs as to how to treat the disease.关于如何治疗这种疾病医学界有不同的看法。▶French differs from English in this respect.在这方面法语不同于英语。▶Her version of the event is slightly different from what actually happened.她对此事件的描述跟实际发生的情况有些微妙的出入。
【链接高考】(2020·江苏高考)Then they compared the samples.There were considerable differences.然后他们比较了样本。有相当大的差异。
NO.6 in case 以防万一【教材语境】 Sometimes there are so many knives and forks that you dare not pick them up in case you get it wrong.(P5)有时候刀叉如此之多以至于你不敢拿,以防弄错。
【语块归纳】 in that case 那样的话in case+clause 以防;万一in case of 如果发生……,万一……
【语境助记】 ▶In case of emergency, break the glass and press the button.如果发生紧急情况,击碎玻璃并摁下按钮。▶In that case, we won’t wait any longer.那样的话,我们就不再等了。
Period 3 Developing ideasNO.1 convenient adj.方便的;便利的 【教材语境】 I know we should eat more fresh fruit and vegetables,but ready meals are so convenient.(P9)我知道我们应该多吃新鲜的水果和蔬菜,但是即时餐很方便。
【语块归纳】 convenience n.便利;方便for convenience 为方便起见at one’s convenience 在某人方便时It is convenient for sb.to do sth. 某人方便做某事
【语境助记】 ▶It is very convenient to pay by credit card.用信用卡付款非常方便。▶Please come to see me if it is convenient for/to you.请在你方便时来看我。▶Can you telephone me at your convenience to arrange a meeting?你能不能在你方便时给我来个电话,安排见一次面?
【名师点津】谁“方便”?convenient作表语时,不可用人作主语,而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。“当你方便的时候”应用when it is convenient to/for you来表示,而不是when you are convenient。①Please come at six if it is convenient to you.如果你方便的话,请在6点钟来。②Will Friday be convenient to you? 星期五你方便吗?
NO.2 adapt v.使适应,使适合;改写,改编【教材语境】 What’s more,it is easy to make and can be adapted to individual tastes.(P11)更重要的是,它很容易制作并能迎合个人口味。
【语块归纳】 adapt (oneself) to 适应adapt A for B 将A改编为Badapt A from B 根据B改编Aadaptable adj.有适应能力的,能适应的adaptation n.适应;改编本,改写本
【语境助记】 ▶We have had to adapt quickly to the new system.我们不得不迅速适应新制度。▶Three of her novels have been adapted for television.她的小说中有三部已改编成电视节目。▶When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process.至于适应问题,明白气候变化是一个过程很重要。
NO.2bring up抚养;培养 【教材语境】 If we have children,I want to bring them up just like us,but my husband says that everyone should be able to make their own lifestyle choices.(P9) 如果我们有孩子,我想培养他们就像我们一样,但是我丈夫说每个人都应该能够选择自己的生活方式。
【语块归纳】 bring in 引进;获利;赚钱bring out 出版;使显现bring about 引起;导致bring down 使倒下;减少;降低
【语境助记】 ▶He was brought up in Hannibal,Missouri,along the Mississippi River.他在密西西比河畔密苏里州的汉尼拔长大。▶His carelessness brought about his failure in the exam.他的粗心导致了考试的失败。▶Could you please bring down the price a little?请你把价格降一点好吗?▶The firm decided to bring in a new management team.该公司决定引进一个新的管理团队。
【知识拓展】多义的bring up
【高频句式】句式1“现在分词作状语”结构【高频句式】 Growing up in England with a British father and a Chinese mother, I’ve enjoyed food from both countries ever since I was able to hold a knife and fork—and chopsticks!(P2)我在英国长大,父亲是英国人,母亲是中国人。自从我能拿刀叉和筷子以来,我就喜欢这两个国家的食物!
疑难句式破解
【句式解构】句中黑体部分是“分词短语作状语”结构,分词的逻辑主语和句子主语I之间是主动关系,故用现在分词;分词作状语可位于句首,也可放在句尾。ever since“自从……以来”,引导时间状语从句,此时主句常常用完成时态。
【语境助记】 ▶My cousin went to Shenzhen, hoping to find a job there.我表哥去深圳了,希望在那儿找到一份工作。▶Rushing out of the house, he came across an old friend.他冲出家门,遇到一位老朋友。▶The boy fell, striking his head against a stone.那个男孩摔倒了,头撞到一块石头上。
句式2“what引导名词性从句”结构【教材语境】 He once told me he was surprised by what he saw on the table when he first visited my mother’s parents in China. (P2)他曾经告诉我,当他第一次去中国看望我母亲的父母时,他对在桌上看到的东西感到惊讶。
【句式解构】句中黑体部分是“what引导的名词性从句”。what可以引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,what是连接代词,它在从句中要作主语、宾语或表语等成分。
【语境助记】 ▶He is not what he was a few years ago.他不是几年前的他了。(引导表语从句,what在从句中作连系动词was的表语)▶What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world.现在的撒哈拉沙漠的北部曾经是一个文明世界。(引导主语从句,what在从句中作主语)
▶The color of the flower is different from what it was in the morning.这朵花的颜色与早晨的不同。(引导宾语从句,what在从句中作连系动词was的表语)▶He told what he had seen to the police.他告诉了警方他所看到的一切。(引导宾语从句,what在从句中作had seen的宾语)
【长难句分析】难句1 He was even shocked at their wedding when he saw how the Chinese ate almost every part of an animal.(P2)
【句子解构】
【深度分析】这是一个主从复合句,主句是He was even shocked at their wedding,when引导时间状语从句;时间状语从句中还包含一个how引导的从句,该从句作saw的宾语。【参考译文】当他看到中国人几乎吃掉了动物的每一部分时,他甚至对他们的婚礼感到震惊。
难句2 We all love roast beef and vegetables, but Mum says we’d better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies, according to traditional Chinese medicine.(P3)
【句子解构】
【深度分析】这是一个主从复合句,主句是but连接的两个并列句,两个分句之间是转折关系。在第二个分句中,we’d better not eat too much roast food 是一个省略了that的宾语从句,作谓语动词says的宾语。as意为“因为”,引导原因状语从句;according to traditional Chinese medicine 是介词短语,用作状语。【参考译文】我们都喜欢烤牛肉和蔬菜,但是妈妈说我们最好不要吃太多的烧烤食物,因为根据传统中医理论,烧烤食物可能会使我们身体火气过旺。
情态动词表示说话人的语气或情绪,如可能、意愿、猜测、义务、需要等。情态动词有以下特征:1.有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,后面接动词原形。2.没有人称和数的变化(have to 除外)。3.多数情态动词都有过去式,如can-could,may-might, will-would, dare-dared等。情态动词的“时态”并不是区分时间的主要标志。很多情况下,情态动词的原形和过去式都可用于多种时态。
语法精讲突破
1.can和be able to(1)can只有现在时和过去时(could),而be able to则有更多的时态变化,在将来时、完成时和非谓语动词中只能用be able to。(2)can一般指自身具有的能力,而be able to则表示经过一段时间的努力后所具有的能力,相当于manage to do或succeed in doing。
▶He could swim when he was five years old.他5岁时就会游泳。▶After years of hard work he was able to win the prize.经过多年的艰苦努力,他获了奖。(3)在否定结构中was/were able to与could没有区别。▶She ran very fast but she couldn’t/wasn’t able to catch the bus.她跑得很快但是没能赶上公交车。
2.must和have to(1)have to“不得不”,有时态、人称和数的变化,其否定形式为doesn’t /don’t/didn’t have to。▶It’s too late.I have to go home now.天色太晚了,我现在得回家了。▶You don’t have to finish the work now.你现在没有必要完成这项工作。
(2)have to表示一种客观的需要,而must表示一种主观的需要。此外,must还表示“偏要”“非得”的意思。▶I have to attend an important meeting this afternoon.今天下午我不得不参加一个重要的会议。▶You must obey the rules of your school.你必须遵守你们学校的规定。(3)must用于一般疑问句时,其肯定答语应用“Yes, you must.”,其否定答语应用“No, you needn’t.”或“No, you don’t have to.”
3.need的用法(1)need作情态动词时,后跟动词原形,表示“需要,有必要”,无人称和数的变化,多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中。▶—Need I finish the work today?—Yes,you must/have to./No,you needn’t.——我需要今天完成工作吗?——是的,你必须完成。/不用,你不必完成。
▶There’s plenty of time.You needn’t drive so fast.时间很充足,你不必开这么快。注意:由need引起的一般疑问句,肯定回答常用must或have to;否定回答常用needn’t。
(2)作实义动词need作实义动词时,后可接名词、动名词、不定式等,有人称、时态和数的变化。▶The bike needs repairing.=The bike needs to be repaired.这辆自行车需要修理。
4.dare的用法(1)dare既可以作实义动词,也可以作情态动词。作情态动词时多用于疑问句、否定句、条件状语从句以及表示怀疑的名词性从句中,表示“敢……”。▶I dare not walk through the wood at night.夜间我不敢在树林里走。(2)dare作实义动词时,常接to do。▶The children don’t dare to make a sound while their parents are sleeping.孩子们在父母睡觉时不敢发出声音。▶Does he dare to tell you what he has done?他敢告诉你们他所做的事情吗?
5.had better的用法had better后跟动词原形,表示“最好……”,其否定式在had better后加not。▶You’d better get there before it gets dark.你最好天黑前到那里。▶We’d better not talk so loudly.我们最好不要这么大声说话。
Unit1 Food for thought
必备词汇速记
温馨提示:□为自测框,记住的词汇前面可以打√。快来自测一下吧!重点单词·快速记 □dare modal verb 胆敢,敢于□wedding n. 婚礼□sort n.种,类□typical adj. 典型的,有代表性的□gather v.聚集□bite n. 咬
□china n. 瓷,瓷料□symbol n. 象征,标志□function n. (事物的)功能;作用□download v. 下载(信息或程序) □diet n.日常饮食□tip n. 指点,建议□custom n. 风俗,习惯,传统□manners n.礼貌,礼仪
□handle n. 柄,把手□bitter adj. 苦的,有苦味的□recommend v. 推荐□attack v. 侵袭,侵蚀□ranking n.排行,排名□resist v.忍住,按捺
拓展单词·联想记 □marriage n.婚姻→marry v.嫁;娶;结婚→married adj.已婚的□horrible adj.糟糕的;可怕的 →horribly adv.糟糕地;可怕地 →horror n.恐怖□poison n.毒素;毒物;毒药 v.毒死,对……有毒→poisonous adj.有毒的□related adj.有关系的;相关的→relate v. 和……有关系→relation n.关系□addict n.对……着迷的人→addiction n.上瘾;沉溺→addicted adj.上瘾的 □differ v.不同,不一样,有区别 → different adj.不同的→ difference n. 区别,不同
□construction n.建造;建筑→ construct v.建造;建筑→reconstruct v.重建;再建□satisfying adj.令人高兴的;令人满意的→satisfied adj.感到高兴的;感到满意的→satisfaction n.高兴;满意□convenient adj.方便的;便利的→conveniently adv.方便地→ convenience n.方便□originally adv.原先;最初→original adj.原始的;最初的→ origin n.起源
重点短语·高效记 □thanks to 幸亏;由于□suffer from 受害于……;受……之苦□in one’s opinion 在某人看来□be shocked at/by... 对……感到震惊□in case 以防万一
□belong to 属于□end up (尤指经历一系列意外后)最终处于;到头来□catch up 打听(不在时所发生的事情);别后叙谈□adapt to 适应□pick up 买;购买
NO.1 sort n.种;类v.分类;挑选 【教材语境】But I enjoy that sort of food myself.(P3) 但是我自己喜欢那种食物。
核心词汇探究
【语块归纳】 sort out 分类;整理;(从……中)挑选出sort out...from... 把……从……中挑选/辨别出来a sort of 一种all sorts of 各种各样的sort of 有点儿,有几分;稍微
【语境助记】▶I spent an hour sorting out the emails I had received.我花了一个小时将我收到的电子邮件分类整理。▶We must sort out the good apples from the bad ones.咱们必须把好的苹果从坏的那些里面拣出来。▶The new approach can be used to deal with all sorts of different problems.这个新方法可用于解决各种各样不同的问题。
▶Imagine a group of drones flying over a field of crops, using sensors on the ground to sort,pick,feed,and water plants all on their own.想象一下一群无人机飞过庄稼地,利用地面传感器独自地对植物进行分类,挑选,施肥和浇水。
【链接高考】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.他告诉我,这种工作使你欣赏你挣的钱,使你尊重从事这种工作的劳动者。
NO.2 typical adj.典型的,有代表性的 【教材语境】 He also does a typical Sunday roast.(P3)他也会做典型的周日烧烤。
【语块归纳】 be typical of 典型的,特有的It is typical of sb.to do sth. 某人做某事是经常的;某人一贯好做某事typically adv.通常,一般;典型地
【语境助记】▶The program can model a typical home page for you.这个程序可以帮你制作一份典型的主页模型。▶A typical working day for me begins at 7:30.我的工作日一般在7:30开始。▶This pattern of woods and fields is typical of the English landscape.这是具有典型英格兰风景特征的森林与田野。
NO.3 gather v.聚集;聚拢【教材语境】 I gathered all my courage to take a bite and was amazed to find it wasn’t so bad.(P3)我鼓足勇气咬了一口,惊奇地发现没那么糟。
【语块归纳】gather one’s strength 积蓄力量gather up 集中;聚拢gathering n.聚会;集会
【语境助记】▶We’ll gather at the Students’ Club at 8 p.m.this Friday.我们本周五晚上八点在学生俱乐部集合。▶He gathered (up) all his strength and decided to attend a job interview.他鼓起所有的勇气,决定去参加求职面试。▶Gathering around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.围在篝火旁,游客和当地人翩翩起舞。
NO.4bite(bit-bitten-biting) n.&v.咬 【教材语境】 I gathered all my courage to take a bite and was amazed to find it wasn’t so bad.(P3)我鼓足勇气咬了一口,惊奇地发现没那么糟。
【语块归纳】 take a bite 咬一口bite back (at sb./sth.) 反击;反驳(某人/某物)bite into sth. 咬(或切、陷等)入某物
【语境助记】 ▶The dog bit him on his behind.狗咬了他的屁股。▶The wound from the dog bite had become infected.被狗咬的伤口感染了。▶Even the weakest animal will bite back when it is cornered.要是被逼急了,甚至最弱小的动物也会回咬一口。
NO.5 thanks to由于;幸亏 【教材语境】 Thanks to this,Dad has come to love hot pot! (P2)因为这一点,父亲开始喜欢上火锅!
【语块归纳】
【语境助记】▶Thanks to your help,I am successful in the end.多亏了你的帮助,我最终成功了。▶They moved here because of the baby.他们为了孩子搬到这里。▶Due to the fact that they did not read English, the prisoners were unaware of what they were signing.这些囚犯由于看不懂英语,不知道自己在签什么。
NO.6 be shocked by/at...对……感到震惊 【教材语境】 He was even shocked at their wedding when he saw how the Chinese ate almost every part of an animal.(P2)当他看到中国人几乎吃动物的每一部分时,他甚至对他们的婚礼感到震惊。
【语块归纳】
【语境助记】▶All of us are shocked at his situation in the company.我们所有人都对他在公司的处境感到震惊。▶The ending of this play is very shocking.这出戏的结局真令人震惊。▶Neighbors were shocked that such an attack could happen in their area.这样的袭击发生在他们地区,邻居们大为惊骇。
NO.7suffer from遭受;忍受;患病【教材语境】 We all love roast beef and vegetables, but Mum says we’d better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies, according to traditional Chinese medicine.(P3)我们都喜欢烤牛肉和蔬菜,但是妈妈说我们最好不要吃太多的烧烤食品,因为根据中医,烧烤食物可能会使我们遭受体内火气过旺之苦。
【语块归纳】suffer vt.& vi.遭受,受苦;感到疼痛suffer loss/pain 遭受损失/痛苦suffering n.痛苦,疼痛;苦难;折磨sufferer n.患病者;受苦者
【语境助记】▶The party was suffering a crisis of confidence among its supporters.这个政党在其支持者中正遭受信任危机。▶In these days of technological change we all suffer from information overload.在这科技日新月异的时代,过多的信息使人人都应接不暇。
Period 2 Using languageNO.1 tip n.指点;建议;小费;尖端v.给小费【语境助记】 Complete the tips for good table manners with the correct form of the modals in Activity 1.(P5)用Activity 1中情态动词的正确形式完成关于良好餐桌礼仪的提示。
【语块归纳】 on the tip of one’s tongue话在嘴边上the tip of the iceberg (问题的)冰山一角
【语境助记】 ▶His name’s on the tip of my tongue, but I just can’t think of it.他的名字就在嘴边,可我就是想不起来。▶And these knowledge gaps are just the tip of the iceberg.而这些知识上的差距只是冰山一角。【链接高考】(2020·江苏高考) So I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.所以我觉得在日常生活中加入一些幽默技巧会是有用的。
NO.2handle n.柄;把手v.处理;应对;操控 【教材语境】 When you finish your meal, you had better place your knife and fork together on your plate with the handles at the four o’clock position.(P5)吃完饭后,你最好把刀叉一起放在盘子上,刀柄放在四点钟的位置。
【语块归纳】 handle pressure应对压力ability to handle sth.应对某事的能力difficult/easy/hard to handle不容易驾驭/好驾驭/难驾驭【语境助记】 ▶It is difficult to handle pressure in this job.要应付这一工作的压力不容易。
【链接高考】(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)If you do, you won’t be able to handle it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ruins everyone’s day.如果你这样做了,你将无法处理它,整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场面,毁了每个人的一天。
【巧学助记】后缀-le助记单词
NO.3diet n.日常饮食v.节食;按规定进食 【教材语境】If you dare not try a “painful”diet to stay healthy, this new app is the perfect solution—and you needn’t pay for it!(P5)如果你不敢尝试“痛苦的”饮食来保持健康,这个新应用程序就是完美的解决方案——并且你不需要为此付费。
【语块归纳】 a balanced diet 均衡的饮食healthy diet 健康的饮食on a diet 在节食;在按规定饮食
【语境助记】 ▶Healthy diet consists largely of vegetables.健康的日常饮食以蔬菜为主。▶A balanced diet plays an important role in the management of the disease.均衡的饮食对于这种疾病的治疗起着重要作用。▶Have you been on a diet recently? You’ve lost a lot of weight.你最近在节食吗?你瘦了好多。
NO.4addict n.对……着迷的人【教材语境】 So, if you’re a sugar addict and aren’t able to say no to chocolate or cola, you had better download it now!(P5)所以,如果你是一个对糖成瘾的人,你不能拒绝巧克力或可乐,你最好现在下载它!
【语块归纳】 addiction n.瘾;入迷;嗜好addicted 上瘾的;沉溺于……的be addicted to 对……上瘾;沉溺于……
【语境助记】 ▶I went through about four years of being addicted to video games. 我大约有4年时间沉迷在电子游戏中。▶Addiction to drugs can bring a lot of other problems.毒瘾会带来许多其他问题。
NO.5differ v.不同;不一样;有区别【教材语境】 Table manners, however, can differ in different situations.(P5)然而,餐桌礼仪在不同的情况下会有所不同。
【语块归纳】 different adj.不同的;有区别的difference n.区别;不同differ from... 与……不同differ in... 在……方面不同be different from... 和……不同be different in... 在……方面不同
【语境助记】 ▶Medical opinion differs as to how to treat the disease.关于如何治疗这种疾病医学界有不同的看法。▶French differs from English in this respect.在这方面法语不同于英语。▶Her version of the event is slightly different from what actually happened.她对此事件的描述跟实际发生的情况有些微妙的出入。
【链接高考】(2020·江苏高考)Then they compared the samples.There were considerable differences.然后他们比较了样本。有相当大的差异。
NO.6 in case 以防万一【教材语境】 Sometimes there are so many knives and forks that you dare not pick them up in case you get it wrong.(P5)有时候刀叉如此之多以至于你不敢拿,以防弄错。
【语块归纳】 in that case 那样的话in case+clause 以防;万一in case of 如果发生……,万一……
【语境助记】 ▶In case of emergency, break the glass and press the button.如果发生紧急情况,击碎玻璃并摁下按钮。▶In that case, we won’t wait any longer.那样的话,我们就不再等了。
Period 3 Developing ideasNO.1 convenient adj.方便的;便利的 【教材语境】 I know we should eat more fresh fruit and vegetables,but ready meals are so convenient.(P9)我知道我们应该多吃新鲜的水果和蔬菜,但是即时餐很方便。
【语块归纳】 convenience n.便利;方便for convenience 为方便起见at one’s convenience 在某人方便时It is convenient for sb.to do sth. 某人方便做某事
【语境助记】 ▶It is very convenient to pay by credit card.用信用卡付款非常方便。▶Please come to see me if it is convenient for/to you.请在你方便时来看我。▶Can you telephone me at your convenience to arrange a meeting?你能不能在你方便时给我来个电话,安排见一次面?
【名师点津】谁“方便”?convenient作表语时,不可用人作主语,而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。“当你方便的时候”应用when it is convenient to/for you来表示,而不是when you are convenient。①Please come at six if it is convenient to you.如果你方便的话,请在6点钟来。②Will Friday be convenient to you? 星期五你方便吗?
NO.2 adapt v.使适应,使适合;改写,改编【教材语境】 What’s more,it is easy to make and can be adapted to individual tastes.(P11)更重要的是,它很容易制作并能迎合个人口味。
【语块归纳】 adapt (oneself) to 适应adapt A for B 将A改编为Badapt A from B 根据B改编Aadaptable adj.有适应能力的,能适应的adaptation n.适应;改编本,改写本
【语境助记】 ▶We have had to adapt quickly to the new system.我们不得不迅速适应新制度。▶Three of her novels have been adapted for television.她的小说中有三部已改编成电视节目。▶When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process.至于适应问题,明白气候变化是一个过程很重要。
NO.2bring up抚养;培养 【教材语境】 If we have children,I want to bring them up just like us,but my husband says that everyone should be able to make their own lifestyle choices.(P9) 如果我们有孩子,我想培养他们就像我们一样,但是我丈夫说每个人都应该能够选择自己的生活方式。
【语块归纳】 bring in 引进;获利;赚钱bring out 出版;使显现bring about 引起;导致bring down 使倒下;减少;降低
【语境助记】 ▶He was brought up in Hannibal,Missouri,along the Mississippi River.他在密西西比河畔密苏里州的汉尼拔长大。▶His carelessness brought about his failure in the exam.他的粗心导致了考试的失败。▶Could you please bring down the price a little?请你把价格降一点好吗?▶The firm decided to bring in a new management team.该公司决定引进一个新的管理团队。
【知识拓展】多义的bring up
【高频句式】句式1“现在分词作状语”结构【高频句式】 Growing up in England with a British father and a Chinese mother, I’ve enjoyed food from both countries ever since I was able to hold a knife and fork—and chopsticks!(P2)我在英国长大,父亲是英国人,母亲是中国人。自从我能拿刀叉和筷子以来,我就喜欢这两个国家的食物!
疑难句式破解
【句式解构】句中黑体部分是“分词短语作状语”结构,分词的逻辑主语和句子主语I之间是主动关系,故用现在分词;分词作状语可位于句首,也可放在句尾。ever since“自从……以来”,引导时间状语从句,此时主句常常用完成时态。
【语境助记】 ▶My cousin went to Shenzhen, hoping to find a job there.我表哥去深圳了,希望在那儿找到一份工作。▶Rushing out of the house, he came across an old friend.他冲出家门,遇到一位老朋友。▶The boy fell, striking his head against a stone.那个男孩摔倒了,头撞到一块石头上。
句式2“what引导名词性从句”结构【教材语境】 He once told me he was surprised by what he saw on the table when he first visited my mother’s parents in China. (P2)他曾经告诉我,当他第一次去中国看望我母亲的父母时,他对在桌上看到的东西感到惊讶。
【句式解构】句中黑体部分是“what引导的名词性从句”。what可以引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,what是连接代词,它在从句中要作主语、宾语或表语等成分。
【语境助记】 ▶He is not what he was a few years ago.他不是几年前的他了。(引导表语从句,what在从句中作连系动词was的表语)▶What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world.现在的撒哈拉沙漠的北部曾经是一个文明世界。(引导主语从句,what在从句中作主语)
▶The color of the flower is different from what it was in the morning.这朵花的颜色与早晨的不同。(引导宾语从句,what在从句中作连系动词was的表语)▶He told what he had seen to the police.他告诉了警方他所看到的一切。(引导宾语从句,what在从句中作had seen的宾语)
【长难句分析】难句1 He was even shocked at their wedding when he saw how the Chinese ate almost every part of an animal.(P2)
【句子解构】
【深度分析】这是一个主从复合句,主句是He was even shocked at their wedding,when引导时间状语从句;时间状语从句中还包含一个how引导的从句,该从句作saw的宾语。【参考译文】当他看到中国人几乎吃掉了动物的每一部分时,他甚至对他们的婚礼感到震惊。
难句2 We all love roast beef and vegetables, but Mum says we’d better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies, according to traditional Chinese medicine.(P3)
【句子解构】
【深度分析】这是一个主从复合句,主句是but连接的两个并列句,两个分句之间是转折关系。在第二个分句中,we’d better not eat too much roast food 是一个省略了that的宾语从句,作谓语动词says的宾语。as意为“因为”,引导原因状语从句;according to traditional Chinese medicine 是介词短语,用作状语。【参考译文】我们都喜欢烤牛肉和蔬菜,但是妈妈说我们最好不要吃太多的烧烤食物,因为根据传统中医理论,烧烤食物可能会使我们身体火气过旺。
情态动词表示说话人的语气或情绪,如可能、意愿、猜测、义务、需要等。情态动词有以下特征:1.有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,后面接动词原形。2.没有人称和数的变化(have to 除外)。3.多数情态动词都有过去式,如can-could,may-might, will-would, dare-dared等。情态动词的“时态”并不是区分时间的主要标志。很多情况下,情态动词的原形和过去式都可用于多种时态。
语法精讲突破
1.can和be able to(1)can只有现在时和过去时(could),而be able to则有更多的时态变化,在将来时、完成时和非谓语动词中只能用be able to。(2)can一般指自身具有的能力,而be able to则表示经过一段时间的努力后所具有的能力,相当于manage to do或succeed in doing。
▶He could swim when he was five years old.他5岁时就会游泳。▶After years of hard work he was able to win the prize.经过多年的艰苦努力,他获了奖。(3)在否定结构中was/were able to与could没有区别。▶She ran very fast but she couldn’t/wasn’t able to catch the bus.她跑得很快但是没能赶上公交车。
2.must和have to(1)have to“不得不”,有时态、人称和数的变化,其否定形式为doesn’t /don’t/didn’t have to。▶It’s too late.I have to go home now.天色太晚了,我现在得回家了。▶You don’t have to finish the work now.你现在没有必要完成这项工作。
(2)have to表示一种客观的需要,而must表示一种主观的需要。此外,must还表示“偏要”“非得”的意思。▶I have to attend an important meeting this afternoon.今天下午我不得不参加一个重要的会议。▶You must obey the rules of your school.你必须遵守你们学校的规定。(3)must用于一般疑问句时,其肯定答语应用“Yes, you must.”,其否定答语应用“No, you needn’t.”或“No, you don’t have to.”
3.need的用法(1)need作情态动词时,后跟动词原形,表示“需要,有必要”,无人称和数的变化,多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中。▶—Need I finish the work today?—Yes,you must/have to./No,you needn’t.——我需要今天完成工作吗?——是的,你必须完成。/不用,你不必完成。
▶There’s plenty of time.You needn’t drive so fast.时间很充足,你不必开这么快。注意:由need引起的一般疑问句,肯定回答常用must或have to;否定回答常用needn’t。
(2)作实义动词need作实义动词时,后可接名词、动名词、不定式等,有人称、时态和数的变化。▶The bike needs repairing.=The bike needs to be repaired.这辆自行车需要修理。
4.dare的用法(1)dare既可以作实义动词,也可以作情态动词。作情态动词时多用于疑问句、否定句、条件状语从句以及表示怀疑的名词性从句中,表示“敢……”。▶I dare not walk through the wood at night.夜间我不敢在树林里走。(2)dare作实义动词时,常接to do。▶The children don’t dare to make a sound while their parents are sleeping.孩子们在父母睡觉时不敢发出声音。▶Does he dare to tell you what he has done?他敢告诉你们他所做的事情吗?
5.had better的用法had better后跟动词原形,表示“最好……”,其否定式在had better后加not。▶You’d better get there before it gets dark.你最好天黑前到那里。▶We’d better not talk so loudly.我们最好不要这么大声说话。
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