（新高考）2023版高考英语一轮总复习 练案17 Unit 1 people of achievement 新人教版选择性必修第一册

选择性必修第一册　UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT

Ⅰ.完形填空

(2022·吉林省松原市实验高级中学金卷)

Jeff Cavins is the CEO of Outdoorsy, an RV rental (房车租赁) company with a strong system of charity. So when Jeff __1.C__ that the four-year-old Noah from Spokane, Washington needs an RV to get him to a __2.A__ heart operation at Boston Children’s Hospital, he immediately took action and provided a free RV rental for Noah’s family. Because Noah __3.B__ machines to keep him alive, a normal vehicle was not a good choice for getting him to Boston. A commercial __4.B__ wasn’t a choice, either, due to his oxygen amount and too much exposure to germs is not good before such a big __5.C__ .

Once the RV rental costs were covered, Jeff__6.D__ to help the family—covering the cost of gas to get them to Boston and the cost of a hotel so they could live more __7.C__ during their ten-week hospital stay. The Outdoorsy team also __8.A__ fun camps for the family to stay at along the way, as well as __9.B__ a VIP tour of the Columbus Zoo and a walk onto Wrigley Field to meet with players during batting practice.

Noah’s successful open-heart operation__10.D__ 11 hours. Three days later, Noah was awake and on the road to __11.A__. To this day, Jeff keeps a picture of Noah in his office, as a __12.C__ that Outdoorsy exists for a greater __13.D__ than just renting RVs and camper vans. Jeff and his team are beyond excited to watch Noah grow up. They __14.B__ that there must have been a very special __15.A__ waiting for him on the road ahead, and they can’t wait to see where this life takes him.

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位房屋租赁公司总裁免费提供房车帮助一个需要做心脏手术的小男孩去医院的故事。

1．A.announced　　　　　　　 B．advertised

C．learned　 D．informed

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jeff了解到来自华盛顿斯波坎的一个四岁的小男孩Noah需要一辆房车去波士顿儿童医院做心脏手术。 announce宣布； advertise登广告； learn学习，了解； inform通知。根据语境可知，Jeff是知晓了小男孩需要房车去做心脏手术这一情况。故选C。

2．A.lifesaving　 B．breathtaking

C．hardworking　 D．everlasting

解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上题。lifesaving救命的； breathtaking累人的； hardworking勤奋的； everlasting永恒的。心脏手术是救人命的。故选A。

3．A.turns on　 B．relies on

C．asks for　 D．cares for

解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：考虑到Noah需要依靠医疗器械才能生存，普通的交通工具并不是送Noah去波士顿的好的选择。 turn on打开； rely on依赖； ask for要求； care for 关怀。根据下文中的“machines to keep him alive”可知，Noah需要依靠(许多)医疗器械才能生存。故选B。

4．A.business　 B．flight

C．activity　 D．meeting

解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：乘坐飞机也不是一个好的选择。 business商业； flight航班； activity活动； meeting会议。根据上文可知，此处在比较各项交通工具哪一个适合送Noah去医院，设空处应填交通方式。故选B。

5．A.decision　 B．problem

C．operation　 D．research

解析：考查名词词义辨析。decision决定； problem问题； operation手术； research研究。根据上文可知，Noah即将要做心脏手术。故选C。

6．A.expected　 B．aimed

C．happened　 D．continued

解析：考查动词词义辨析。expect期待； aim目的是； happen发生； continue继续。由后句内容可知，Jeff除了提供了免费的房车，还提供了油费和酒店费用，故Jeff在提供房车之后继续帮助了Noah一家。故选D。

7．A.wonderfully　 B．freely

C．comfortably　 D．quietly

解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：Jeff还为Noah一家人支付了住宾馆的费用，使他们在住院的十周可以过得更舒适一些。 wonderfully精彩地； freely自由地； comfortably舒服地； quietly安静地。Jeff提供的住宾馆费用能让Noah一家住地更舒服。故选C。

8．A.made　 B．moved

C．shared　 D．brought

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：Outdoorsy团队的成员们也给这一家人沿途搭建了有趣的露营地。 make做； move搬； share分享； bring带来。根据下文可知，Outdoorsy团队也帮忙搭建了露营地，此处搭建露营地应用动词make。故选A。

9．A.caused　 B．arranged

C．carried　 D．advocated

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：团队同时也安排了去哥伦布动物园的贵宾之旅。 cause造成； arrange安排； carry携带； advocate提倡。根据语境可知，Outdoorsy团队给Noah一家安排了动物园之旅。故选B。

10．A.wasted　 B．delayed

C．held　 D．took

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：Noah成功的心脏手术耗时11个小时。 waste浪费； delay推迟； hold举办； take花费。根据前文“Noah’s successful open-heart operation”可知，Noah的手术是成功的，花费了十一个小时。故选D。

11．A.recovery　 B．growth

C．arrival　 D．success

解析：考查名词词义辨析。recovery康复； growth成长； arrival到达； success成功。Noah经历了一次成功的手术，手术醒来后逐渐康复。故选A。

12．A.speaker　 B．warner

C．reminder　 D．leader

解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：直到今天Jeff的办公室还保留着一张Noah的相片作为提醒。 speaker说话者； warner警告者； reminder提醒的人或物； leader领导者。根据下文中谈论Outdoorsy存在的意义可知，Jeff办公室保留Noah的相片的目的是想提醒自己Outdoorsy存在的意义。故选C。

13．A.aggression　 B．opportunity

C．impression　 D．purpose

解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Outdoorsy公司的存在不仅仅是租用房车和露营卡车，它还有更大的意义。 aggression进攻； opportunity机会； impression印象； purpose意义，目的。Outdoorsy公司除了租用房车，还帮助了Noah一家，它的存在有更大的意义。故选D。

14．A.doubt　 B．believe

C．guess　 D．notice

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们相信在人生道路上定有一项特别的任务在等待着他们。doubt怀疑； believe相信； guess猜测； notice观察。根据下文“they can’t wait to see”可知，Jeff和他的团队对未来道路上遇到的任务是充满信心的。故选B。

15．A.task　 B．person

C．trial　 D．country

解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。 task任务； person人； trial审判； country国家。根据下文中的“waiting for him on the road ahead”可知，他们刚圆满完成了一项任务，现在在等待着下一场任务。故选A。

Ⅱ.阅读理解

(2022·广东省深圳高级中学月考)

Standing in my office 25 years ago was an unknown, newly rising astronomer with a half-smile on her face. She had come with a demand that my team change our tested software to make one of our most important and in-demand scientific instruments do something it had never been designed for, and risk breaking it. All to carry out an experiment that was basically a waste of time and couldn’t be done to prove that a massive black hole hid at the center of our Milky Way.

My initial “no way” gradually gave way in the face of her cheerful but firm determination. It was my first encounter with a force of nature, Andrea Ghez, one of the three winners of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics. That determination and the willingness to take calculated risks has always characterized Andrea. For 25 years she has focused almost only on Sagittarius A—the name of our own local supermassive black hole. And Andrea is one of the great pioneers in this search without question.

Andrea did her work at the W. M. Keck Observatory’s twin telescopes on Maunakea, Hawaii. She started using the very first instrument licensed on Keck Observatory’s Near Infrared Camera (NIRC). NIRC was never designed to do what Andrea needed but she was not to be denied. And it worked! It was extremely hard and time-consuming to make sense of the data, but Andrea persisted.

As Andrea would be the very first to acknowledge, this triumph (胜利) represents the combined efforts of so many. But actually，one person had the idea for the research. One person had the chutpah (无所顾忌) to propose it and one person had the determination and focus to make it happen, undiscouraged by all who said it was a waste of time. That person is Andrea Ghez，the winner of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics.

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了2020年诺贝尔物理学奖获得者安德烈娅·盖兹的故事。

1．What did the author think of Andrea Ghez’s request at first？__D__

A．It’s demanding.　 B．It’s interesting.

C．It’s unacceptable.　 D．It’s meaningless.

解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“All to carry out an experiment that was basically a waste of time and couldn’t be done to prove that a massive black hole hid at the center of our Milky Way.”可知，作者一开始认为安德烈娅的要求是毫无意义的，是浪费时间的。故选D。

2．What do we know about Andrea Ghez’s research from Paragraph 2？__A__

A．It takes over two decades’ efforts.

B．It deals with power of nature.

C．It’s a purely individual project.

D．It’s about measurement of a hole.

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“For 25 years she has focused almost only on Sagittarius A—the name of our own local supermassive black hole.”可知，安德烈娅25年来几乎一直专注于这项研究。即安德烈娅的研究花费了二十多年的努力。故选A。

3．Which of the following best describes Andrea Ghez’s work in Hawaii？__C__

 A．Dangerous.　 B．Pleasant.

C．Challenging.　 D．Fruitless.

解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It was extremely hard and time-consuming to make sense of the data, but Andrea persisted.”可知，安德烈娅的研究工作是非常困难且耗时的。由此可推断出，研究工作对她来说是有挑战性的。故选C。

4．What can we learn from Andrea Chez’s success？__D__

A．It is rewarding to cooperate.

B．The old methods still work today.

C．It pays to put theory into practice.

D．Persistence leads to success.

解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It was extremely hard and time-consuming to make sense of the data, but Andrea persisted.”可知，安德烈娅的研究工作是非常困难且耗时的，但她坚持下来了。根据最后一段中的“But actually, one person had the idea for the research. One person had the chutzpah to propose it and one person had the determination and focus to make it happen, undiscouraged by all who said it was a waste of time.”可知，安德烈娅的成功在于她坚持自己的想法，专注于实现目标，而不受别人的看法的影响。由此可推断出，坚持可以引领我们走向成功。故选D。

Ⅲ.七选五

(2022·吉林省松原市实验高级中学金卷)

Natural therapy(疗法)

The great outdoors: it’s the place to head for when you’re in need of peace and quiet, open spaces, beautiful scenery and exercise. Whether a huge mountain range or a local country park, these natural areas are perfect places to refresh us when we live a stressful life.__1.G__

As an example, in the foothills of the Snowdonia National Park in the UK, specialist therapy sessions are held to help people who suffer from depression, anxiety and stress.__2.B__However, it’s believed that the setting alone can improve their mood. Art psychotherapist Pamela Stanley who led the sessions told reporters that there was a “growing body of evidence” to support eco-therapy.

It is true that for most of us, connecting with the natural world definitely lifts our spirits. But the mental health charity Mind says eco-therapy has been recognized as a formal type of treatment that can sometimes be recommended to someone by a doctor. It doesn’t involve medicine. __3.C__ This natural treatment can take on many forms, including doing yoga in a forest, gardening or even hugging a tree.

There is evidence that there are many benefits with this “green” therapy.__4.E__ It’s what Dr Rachel Bragg from the University of Essex calls “psychological restoration”. She told the All in the Mind programme that nature-based therapies should be part of care for patients.

__5.A__ However, it is an option for therapists to use. And as we become more aware of the causes and effects of mental health, it’s good to know that help might lie outside our towns and cities, and that nature can give us a helping hand.

A．Of course, eco-therapy won’t cure everything.

B．Outdoor art-related activities are held for the participants.

C．Instead, it just develops a person’s relationship with nature.

D．Here you can learn from other patients how to deal with stress.

E．These include improving social contact, social and work skills.

F．In nature you can do many things, including reading papers and watching TV.

G．Their calming and relieving power is being used more and more to treat mental health problems.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自然疗法。

解析：

1．根据上文“Whether a huge mountain range or a local country park, these natural areas are perfect places to refresh us when we live a stressful life.”可知，户外的自然环境给人带来精神上的宁静与安慰，结合下文举的例子可知，自然环境这种使人放松的作用被用于精神健康领域，G项承上启下，符合语境。G项中的“Their calming and relieving power”分别与上文中的these natural areas和refresh us呼应。故选G。

2．根据标题“Natural therapy (疗法)”可知，本文的主题是自然环境的治愈作用。根据上文“As an example, in the foothills of the Snowdonia National Park in the UK, specialist therapy sessions are held to help people who suffer from depression, anxiety and stress.”可知，此处举了一个用自然生态来帮助改善精神健康的例子，再结合主导这些课程的人是Art psychotherapist可知，B项，符合语境，且与后一句形成转折关系。故选B。

3．根据上文“But the mental health charity Mind says eco-therapy has been recognized as a formal type of treatment that can sometimes be recommended to someone by a doctor. It doesn’t involve medicine.”可知，自然生态疗法已经被承认是一种正式的疗法，这种疗法不包括吃药，C项能很好地连接上下文，其中的Instead引出相反内容，且空后提到这种疗法形式多样，包括森林瑜伽、园艺甚至拥抱一棵树，这些治疗方式让人亲近自然。故选C。

4．根据上文“ There is evidence that there are many benefits with this ’green’ therapy.(有证据表明这种“绿色”疗法有很多好处。)”可知，自然生态疗法有多种好处，E项列举了其中的一些好处，符合语境。故选E。

5．根据下文“However, it is an option for therapists to use.”可知，此处存在转折关系，结合选项来看，A项与下文在意思上形成转折。故选A。

Ⅳ.语法填空

(2022·无锡市质检)

The 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry __1.was_awarded__(award) to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna. The two female scientists won the prize __2.for__ the development of a method of genome (基因组) editing.

Gene editing has a wide __3.application__(apply ) across the world. It can __4.directly__(direct) change the DNA of a life form and has the potential of leading to __5.beneficial__(benefit)results.

One of the most convenient methods of gene editing is called CRISPR/Cas9，__6.which__ was discovered by the two Nobel winners. The method enables scientists to cut a sequence of DNA into two pieces, __7.allowing__(allow) nature to“repair” it. During the repair process, errors will be introduced to create a different sequence of DNA，thus resulting in an __8.edited__(edit) gene.

In simple words, CRISPR/Cas9 is the “scissors” of genes. The greatness of CRISPR/Cas9 lies in extreme accuracy. It also enables humans to breed (培育) more plant varieties and develop better treatment of cancer.

In the future, the discovery __9.is_expected__(expect) to have a revolutionary impact on the life science and make the dream of curing some diseases come true.

There will be no traditional Nobel Awarding Ceremony in Stockholm this year due to the COVID-19, __10.but/yet__ an online version will be held instead.

语篇解读：本文是关于两位女科学家因为基因组编辑荣获2020年诺贝尔化学奖的报道。

解析：

1．考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意：2020年诺贝尔化学奖被颁发给埃玛纽埃勒·沙尔庞捷和珍妮弗·A.道德纳。根据句中的2020可知，应用一般过去时，且award 与主语the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语为单数。故填was awarded。

2．考查介词。句意：两位女性科学家是因开发基因组编辑方法而获奖。设空处表示“因为”，用介词for，win the prize for...意为“因为……而获奖”。故填for。

3．考查名词。句意：基因编辑在全世界范围内广泛使用。设空处前有冠词a，应使用其单数名词形式。故填application。

4．考查副词。句意：它(基因编辑)能直接地改变一个生命体的DNA……设空处修饰谓语动词change，应用副词形式。故填directly，direct 作副词时强调直接和某人打交道。

5．考查形容词。句意：……并且它(基因编辑)很可能带来有利的结果。设空后为名词results，应用形容词修饰。故填beneficial。

6．考查定语从句。句意：基因编辑最方便的方法之一被称为 CRISPR/Cas9，这是由这两位诺贝尔奖获得者发现的。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词是 CRISPR/Cas9，指物，只能用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。

7．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种方法使科学家能够将一组DNA切成两段，让大自然来“修复”它。分析句子成分可知，allow与谓语动词enables之间无连词，故要用非谓语形式，allow与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填allowing。

8．考查非谓语动词。句意：在修复过程中，将引入错误来创造一个不同的DNA序列，从而得到一个编辑过的基因。edit与其逻辑主语gene之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作定语，修饰gene。故填edited。

9．考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意：在未来，这一发现有望对生命科学产生革命性的影响，并使治愈某些疾病的梦想成真。It is expected/said/reported/believed that＝sb. is expected/said/reported/believed to do sth.意为“人们期望/据说/据报道/人们相信……”，expect与主语之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。主语为单数且时态为一般现在时。故填is expected。

10．考查连词。句意：由于新冠疫情的影响，今年斯德哥尔摩将不举行传统的诺贝尔颁奖典礼，但将举行网上颁奖仪式。根据句尾的instead 及语境可知，设空处应填表示转折的连词。故填but或yet。