（新高考）2023版高考英语一轮总复习 练案16 Unit 5 the value of money 新人教版必修第三册

必修第三册　UNIT 5　THE VALUE OF MONEY

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2022·河南省焦作市县级重点中学高三上学期期中考试)

A few days after losing his job in March, Paul Gentile was throwing away rubbish outside his Brooklyn apartment building when he noticed a new sign hanging near the front door. Because of the coronavirus pandemic, which has brought life to a near standstill in New York City and caused a number of people to lose their jobs, renters in the building did not need to pay April rent, it read. “STAY SAFE, HELP YOUR NEIGHBOIRS & WASH YOUR HANDS！！！”the landlord. Mario Salerno, wrote on the sign.

New York is made up of millions of renters, many of whom pay most of their monthly income for a place to live. The sudden collapse of the economy has left many New Yorkers stressing about how they can pay their bills, especially rent.

But Mr. Salerno did not care about losing his rental income in April, nor did he care to calculate the amount that he would not be collecting from his 80 apartments.He is likely losing hundreds of thousands of dollars in income by canceling April rent. His only interest, he said, was in alleviating stress for his renters, even those who were still employed and now working from home. “My concern is everyone’s health.” said Mr. Salerno.“I told therm just to look out for your neighbors and make sure that everyone has food on their table.”

For the nearly four years. Mr. Gentile has lived in the apartment and Mr. Salerno has been a model landlord. Emergencies are fixed almost immediately, such as a water leak in Mr. Gentile’s ceiling that was fixed and painted within several hours.“You don’t see that, especially in a landlord-renter relationship in New York City，” Mr. Gentile said.“He’s amazing.”

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了因为疫情原因，一名房东Mario Salerno为租客免除了4月份的房租。这位乐于助人的房东还表示自己唯一的兴趣就是给租客减轻压力，关心他们的健康。

1．What can we learn about Paul Gentile？__D__

A．He is working from home.

B．He was infected with the coronavirus.

C．He canceled the rent for renters.

D．He is a renter in a Brooklyn flat.

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知今年3月失业后的几天，Paul Gentile正在他的布鲁克林公寓大楼外扔垃圾，这时他注意到前门附近挂了一块新牌子。由于冠状病毒大流行使纽约市的生活几乎陷于停顿，并导致一些人失去了工作，大楼里的租户不需要支付4月份的租金。房东Mario Salermo在牌子上写道：“注意安全，帮助你的邻居和多洗手！”由此可知，Paul Gentile是布鲁克林一套公寓的租户。故选D。

2．What does the underlined word “alleviating” in Paragraph 3 mean？__C__

A．Achieving.　　　　 B．Increasing.

C．Reducing. 　 D．Tolerating.

解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“stress for his renters, even those who were still employed and now working from home.”以及“’My concern is everyone’s health.’” said Mr. Salerno.’I told them just to look out for your neighbors and make sure that everyone has food on their table.’”可知Salerno关心每个人的健康，所以他的兴趣是减少租客的压力，甚至包括那些仍在工作、现在在家工作的人。故画线词意思为“减少”。A.Achieving实现；B.Increasing增加；C.Reducing减少；D.Tolerating容忍。故选C。

3．Which of the following can best describe the landlord？__B__

A．Brave.　 B．Caring.

 C．Honest.　 D．Smart.

解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“His only interest, he said，was in alleviating stress for his renters，even those who were still employed and now working from home.“My concern is everyone’s health.” said Mr. Salermo.“I told them just to look out for your neighbors and make sure that everyone has food on their table.”以及最后一段中“Emergencies are fixed almost immediately, such as a water leak in Mr. Gentile’s ceiling that was fixed and painted within several hours.”由此可推知，这位房东很乐于助人。故选B。

4．What is the main idea of the text？__B__

A．The coronavirus is hurting the economy.

B．A landlord cancels rent for struggling renters.

C．Struggling renters worry about their bills.

D．A landlord fixes emergencies for renters

解析：主旨大意题，根据第一段内容可知今年3月失业后的几天，Paul Gentile正在他的布鲁克林公寓大楼外扔垃圾，这时他注意到前门附近挂了一块新牌子。由于冠状病毒大流行使纽约市的生活几乎陷于停顿，并导致一些人失去了工作，大楼里的租户不需要支付4月份的租金。房东Mario Salerno在牌子上写道：“注意安全，帮助你的邻居和多洗手！”结合文章主要说明了因为疫情原因，一名房东Mario Salerno为租客免除了4月份的房租。这位乐于助人的房东还表示自己唯一的兴趣就是给租客减轻压力，关心他们的健康。可知文章主要内容是一位房东为苦苦挣扎的房客取消租金。故选B。

B

(2022·南京市质检)

What about your emotions? How do they help you to understand what you are reading?

In Jane Yolan’s Owl Moon, a girl explores with her father on a snowy night. She longs for this special night.And she’s amazed when she sees an owl. Have you felt longing before? Amazement? Well, if you have，it helps you have a sense of agreement. When we can put ourselves inside a story, we can understand it better. Our brain tells us, “Oh, this girl’s experience is a bit like mine.”And boom! We can relate to her. But this skill is not born with us. So young kids have to learn it.

Pictures and images help young readers to understand and recognize feelings. Readers feel joyful when seeing the smiling faces of friends. They feel fear when turning the page to find a scary monster. They are just pictures, but the feelings are real. This skill, to understand the thinking and feeling of others, is what researchers call “theory of mind”．

For example, think about the faces of people and animals in stories. The Big Bad Wolf’s scary teeth. The’o’ shape of a surprised character’s mouth. Or big, wide eyes like the girl in Owl Moon. By noticing the faces, readers can start to figure out what it feels like to be that character. And that helps to figure out how people feel and think in real life.

But most young readers don’t go into deep, scary woods. And some may not go to the beach or play basketball. In the book Yo! Yes? two kids meet and play ball. The kids start the story on opposite pages. But as the story goes on, they get closer until they are together. Some young readers might not play basketball, but they can read the clues on the page to figure out how the kids are feeling. And some readers might not like the game, but they can feel excited for the characters because of how the characters look and move.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要论述了情绪，即共情能力是如何帮助人们阅读和理解的。

5．What can we learn from the second paragraph？__D__

A．Owl Moon talks about the exploration of the moon.

B．The feeling of “amazement” is a sense of agreement.

C．Readers are blessed with the ability to interpret others.

D．Readers with similar experiences understand the story better.

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When we can put ourselves inside a story, we can understand it better... We can relate to her.”可知，有相似经历的读者能更好地理解这个故事。故选D。

6．Which of the following might help readers develop “theory of mind”？__C__

A．True feelings.　　　　　　 B．Smiling faces.

C．Picture books.　 D．Reading skills.

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They are just pictures, but the feelings are real. This skill, to understand the thinking and feeling of others, is what researchers call’theory of mind’.”及其前所讲内容可知，图画书最能帮助读者培养理解他人想法和感受的能力，即“theory of mind”。故选C。

7．Young readers can go deeper into a story by __A__.

A．tracking the plot

B．developing new skills

C．sharing similar hobbies

D．analyzing the background

解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容，尤其是其中的“Some young readers might not play basketball, but they can read the clues on the page to figure out how the kids are feeling.”可知，年轻读者可以通过不断了解故事情节而深入走进这个故事。故选A。

8．What is the text mainly about？__C__

A．How thinking influences reading.

B．How readers improve reading skills.

C．How emotions help enhance reading.

D．How kids figure out the clues of stories.

解析：主旨大意题。根据本文第一段提出的问题可知，本文主要讲情绪如何帮助你理解所读的东西；后文是通过举例的方式对这一问题进行回答和论述。故C项(情绪如何帮助提高阅读能力。)能够概括文章大意。故选C。

Ⅱ.七选五

(2022·沈阳市质检一)

How to Avoid Identity Theft

Every year, a large quantity of personal information is leaked into the wrong hands. Millions of people suffer the identity theft. Maybe there’s spyware on heir computer, or a service they use has a security problem, leaving customers at risk of exposure.But there is no need to fear. It’s a lot easier than you might think to set up proper defenses. __1.D__.Here’s some advice.

●Clean your computer and smartphone

__2.F__ before you put new security measures into place. This means fixing a good anti-virus program and taking the time to clear out any spyware that may have already infected your system.

●Ensure your Wi-Fi safety

Now that your computer is clean, you should plug any holes in your home network. It’s fairly easy for potential criminals to gain access to your information if they’re able to share your connection. __3.G__.Different routers(路由器) will have different set-up pages, so the actual step-by-step instructions will vary, but the end result will be the same.Here’s what to do: Enable basic password protection. You also need to change the password that allows you to access your router’s settings to begin with. Then change the original name of your wireless network. Don’t use any personal information here.

●__4.A__

Everything you just finished could be for nothing if a thief has your existing passwords, so you need to change them for every service you use. What you’ve heard is true: Passwords should use a variety of special characters, numbers, letters, and cases when possible. __5.B__， and there should be a different one for each website you use.

Doing this or keeping track of it all is pain, which is why people don’t do it and wind up with stolen identities. Try it, and there’s no need to worry about all those problems.

A．Set different passwords

B．They should be close to randomness

C．Use the passwords in the same way

D．In fact, you can easily do it all in a weekend

E．However，it is a challenge to set up a defense

F．Make sure your devices are as spotless as possible

G．That’s why you want to be careful when using public Wi-Fi

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。虽然网上每年都会有大量的个人信息被泄露，但是做好恰当的防护，就没有必要担心和害怕。文章提供了几个避免个人信息在互联网上被泄露的建议。

解析：

1．语境和逻辑推断。根据设空处前的“It’s a lot easier than you might think to set up proper defenses.”及设空处后的“Here’s some advice.”可知，设空处与上文为顺承关系，介绍防护的方法很简单，故D项(事实上，你可以很容易在一个周末就做到这一切)承上启下，符合语境；且D项中的do it与设空处前一句中的“set up proper defenses”相呼应。故选D。

2．语境推断。本段的主旨句为“Clean your computer and smartphone”，结合选项可知，F项(确保你的设备尽可能干净)中的spotless与本段小标题中的Clean和本段内容相呼应。故选F。

3．语境和复现推断。空前一句提到，如果潜在的罪犯能够分享你的网络连接，他们会很容易获取你的信息，G项(那就是为什么你在使用公共无线网络时要多加小心)符合语境，且G项中的Wi-Fi与本段小标题Ensure your Wi-Fi safety中的Wi-Fi相呼应。故选G。

4．语境推断。本空位于小标题位置，再结合本段中的“Everything you just finished could be for nothing if a thief has your existing passwords, so you need to change them for every service you use.”等内容可知，本段中心词是密码，且强调要更改密码并使用不同的密码，所以A项(设置不同的密码)可概括本段内容，符合语境。故选A。

5．语境推断。根据上文的“Passwords should use a variety of special characters, numbers, letters and cases when possible.”可知，密码的设置形式要多样化，B项(它们应该尽可能随机)呼应上文提到的多样化，且选项中的They 指代上文中的Passwords。故选B。

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2022·广东省梅县东山中学高三上学期期中考试)

A second crew of three astronauts are heading for China’s Tianhe space station module after the __1.successful__(succeed) launch of the Shenzhou-13 mission Friday. Astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu will be busy during their six months in orbit. They’ll spend a lot of time __2.testing__(test) technologies that will allow China to finish construction of the new space station, __3.which__ is called Tiangong (“Heavenly Palace”). That station will consist of three modules; the other two __4.are_expected__(expect) to launch toward the 54-foot-long (16.6 meters) Tianhe next year. For example, the Shenzhou-13 crew will move the robotic Tianzhou 2 cargo(货物) spacecraft from one Tianhe docking(对接) port to __5.another__ using the module’s robotic arm, Chinese officials said. Tianzhou-2 __6.arrived__(arrive) at Tianhe in May, delivering supplies for the Shenzhou-12 crew. Zhai, Wang and Ye will also conduct a variety of __7.experiments__(experiment) onboard Tianhe, including tasks __8.designed__(design) to advance space medicine and scientists’ understanding of micro-gravity physics. And researchers on the ground will monitor the three astronauts’ health, to learn more __9.about__ how long-duration spaceflight affects people __10.mentally__(mental) and physically. The crew will also conduct two or three spacewalks during the Shenzhou-13 mission.

语篇解读：本文一篇新闻报道。周五，神舟十三号将三位航天员成功送向太空，开始长达六个月的空间任务。

1．考查形容词。句意：周五，神舟十三号成功发射后，第二批三名宇航员将前往中国的天和空间站。修饰名词launch，应使用形容词，作定语。故填successful。

2．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们将花费大量时间测试技术，以便中国能够完成新空间站的建设，这个空间站被称为“天宫”。spend time doing...为固定搭配，意为“花时间做……”。故填testing。

3．考查定语从句引导词。句意同上题。先行词为the new space station，指物，所以用which引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。故填which。

4．考查时态语态。句意：该空间站将由三个模块组成；另外两个模块预计明年将发射到54英尺长(16.6米)的天和。分析句子可知，句子应使用一般现在时。由于expect与the other two(复数)之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态。故填are expected。

5．考查不定代词。句意：例如，神舟十三号宇航员将使用天舟二号的机械臂将机器人天舟二号货运飞船从一个天和对接口移动到另一个天和对接口。one...another...为固定用法，意为“一个……，另一个……”。故填another。

6．考查动词时态。句意：天舟二号于今年5月抵达天和，为神舟十二号宇航员运送物资。时间状语为in May，应使用一般过去时。故填arrived。

7．考查名词。句意：翟、王和叶还将在天和上进行各种各样的实验，包括推进空间医学和科学家对微重力物理学的理解的任务设计。a variety of 后接可数名词复数，意为“各种……”。故填experiments。

8．考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。分析句子可知，空处应使用非谓语动词，由于design与所修饰词tasks之间是被动关系，应使用过去分词，作后置定语，故填designed。

9．考查介词。句意：地面上的研究人员将监测这三名宇航员的健康状况，以便更多地了解长期的太空飞行对人们身心的影响。learn about为固定用法，意为“了解”。故填about。

10．考查副词。句意同上题。根据空后的and physically可知，空处应使用副词作状语，故填mentally。

Ⅳ.应用文写作

(2021·湖南永州高三第一次模拟)

假定你是李华，你打算参加学校“职业规划演讲比赛”，请根据提示，以“My Career Planning”为题写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：

1．职业目标；

2．理由；

3．打算。

注意：

1．词数80左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

My Career Planning

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

参考范文：

My Career Planning

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen！It’s my great honor to share with you my career planning today! I would like to be an engineer after my graduation because I am so interested in physics and chemistry that I sometimes forget to eat meals. Meanwhile, engineering is one of the most popular careers in China. Since I have planned my career，I would spare no effort to study all the related courses well. I’m sure I will make it!

Thank you!