福建专用高考英语一轮复习考点规范练20含解析

考点规范练20

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2019·浙江)

California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s,according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).

The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests,the new study finds.No area was spared or unaffected,from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.In the Sierra high country,the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent;in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.

Many factors contributed to the decline,said Patrick McIntyre,an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.Woodcutters targeted big trees.Housing development pushed into the woods.Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).

But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010,McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.

The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed,taking into account such things as rainfall,air temperature,dampness of soil,and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).

Since the 1930s,McIntyre said,the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures,which cause trees to lose more water to the air,and earlier snowmelt,which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.

1.What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A.The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.

B.The increasing variety of California big trees.

C.The distribution of big trees in California forests.

D.The influence of farming on big trees in California.

2.Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?

A.Ecological studies of forests.

B.Banning woodcutting.

C.Limiting housing development.

D.Fire control measures.

3.What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?

A.Inadequate snowmelt.

B.A longer dry season.

C.A warmer climate.

D.Dampness of the air.

4.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.California’s Forests:Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?

B.Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon

C.Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?

D.Patrick McIntyre:Grow More Big Trees in California

B

One of the most common remarks about today’s emerging adults(18- to 29-year-olds) is that they’re lazy.They expect work to be fun,and if it’s not fun,they refuse to do it.It’s true that emerging adults have high hopes for work.Ian,a 22-year-old,chose to go into journalism,even though he knew that:“If I’m a journalist making $20,000 a year,my dad (a wealthy physician) makes vastly more than that.”More important than the money was finding a job that he could enjoy.The great majority of emerging adults spend most of their twenties in a series of dull and low-paying jobs as they search for something better.It’s unfair to consider the many hard-working emerging adults with a stereotype(刻板模式) that is true for only a small percentage of them.

Another widespread slur on emerging adults is that they are selfish.It’s probably true that most emerging adults today grow up with a higher level of self-respect than in previous generations.Their Baby Boomer parents keep telling them:“You’re special!”“You can be whatever you want to be.”Popular culture has conveyed similar messages in movies,television shows and songs.But that doesn’t mean they’re selfish.It simply means that they are highly confident in their abilities to make a good life for themselves.

Oddly,these stereotypes continue even though there is persuasive evidence to the contrary.Rates of violent crime committed by young men have dropped.Not only have bad things gone down,but good things about this generation have gone up.Nearly 90 percent of American college freshmen reported doing volunteer work in the past year,the highest level ever.Furthermore,applications to post-college volunteer programmes have reached record levels.Young Americans are also more tolerant and accepting of diversity than older generations.

The origins of the many prejudices against today’s emerging adults are complex,but maybe one key reason is that many of their elders still use old yardsticks to measure their progress.The pace of social,economic and technological change over the past half-century has been quick,and what is “normal” among young people has changed so fast that the rest of society has not yet caught up.

5.Ian chose to be a journalist because 　　　. 

A.he followed his father’s advice

B.journalists make big money

C.he loved the job very much

D.it’s an interesting job

6.What does the underlined word “slur” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A.A false conclusion.

B.An unfair criticism.

C.A wrong prediction.

D.An unconfirmed statement.

7.What purpose does Paragraph 3 serve in the text?

A.To support the author’s viewpoint.

B.To keep readers’ interest in the text.

C.To make a summary of the first two paragraphs.

D.To provide background information of the next paragraph.

8.We can infer from the last paragraph that elder people should 　　　. 

A.think in a more complicated way

B.recognize they’re behind the times

C.believe that young people are normal

D.stop using old views to judge young people

Ⅱ.七选五阅读

“Helicopter parenting” describes a style of raising children where parents are overprotective and do too much.It describes parents who watch over their kids at home and on the playground like a helicopter.Today,modern technology allows these helicopter parents to watch over their kids from even far away.　1　 

Julie Lythcott-Haims wrote a book titled HowtoRaiseanAdult:BreakFreeoftheOverparentingTrapandPrepareYourKidsforSuccess.In her book,she gives readers a closer look at this parenting style.　2　 

Julie Lythcott-Haims says she experienced the effects of helicopter parenting firsthand when she worked as the dean of first-year students.　3　But many were unable to take care of themselves.They were turning to parents constantly for guidance,for problem-solving,to have them make the choice about something. 

So what can parents do if they want to break the over-parenting “helicopter” cycle?　4　 

◆Stop saying “we” when you mean your son or your daughter.All too often a parent would say,“We are on the travel soccer team.”Well,no,your son is or your daughter is.

◆Stop arguing with all of the adults in our kids’ lives.You need to teach your kids to advocate for themselves.

◆Stop doing your kids’ homework.

◆　5　 Teach them to cross the street,make a meal,and remember to put their own items in their backpacks,which become a briefcase one day. 

When kids have all the skills to take care of themselves,they will be prepared for adulthood.

A.Four ways are offered to stop watching over your children.

B.She also explains why parents should stop it.

C.It’s a good idea to encourage your kid to do the things he can by himself.

D.They can give their children directions at any moment from anywhere.

E.Build your kids’ skills.

F.The freshmen were very smart and accomplished on paper.

G.Your kid is eager for more freedom,but should you give it to him?

Ⅲ.书面表达

假设你是李华,上周在悉尼旅游时发现所住旅馆存在一些小问题。请根据提示给旅馆经理Ms.Wood写一封电子邮件。要点包括:

1.表示感谢;

2.提出建议:菜品种类丰富些,安全出口指示醒目些,前台员工服务耐心些。

注意:1.词数100左右;

2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;

3.开头和结尾已给出,但不计入总词数。

Dear Ms.Wood,

I was a guest who stayed in your hotel last week.__________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

I do hope you will take my advice into consideration.Thanks for your time.

Yours,

Li Hua

考点规范练20(必修4　Unit5)

Ⅰ.【解题导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于加利福尼亚大树减少的研究结果。研究发现,加利福尼亚大树减少,气候变暖是主要原因。

1.A　段落大意题。通读第二段的内容可知,在加利福尼亚不同的地区,大树减少的程度都非常严重。由此可知,本段主要讲述加利福尼亚大树减少的严峻性。所以选A项。

2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources.”可知,对野火的控制本意是好的,但这却使得许多小树和大树争夺资源,所以选D项。

3.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句中的“...thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures...”可知,C项正确。

4.A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍加利福尼亚大树数目不断减少的原因。所以选A项。

【解题导语】本文是议论文。当今社会对成长中的成年人有很多不公平的评价,作者认为这是由于人们在用老眼光衡量他们。

5.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Moreimportantthanthemoneywasfindingajobthathecouldenjoy.”可知,虽然当记者不如父亲挣得多,但是出于对这份职业的喜爱,伊恩还是选择了当记者。

6.B　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的It’sunfair可知,作者认为大家对年轻人“懒”的评价是不公平的,再根据本段开头的Anotherwidespread可知,这里是对年轻人另外一个“不公平的批评”,即:认为他们自私。

7.A　写作目的题。通读全文可知,作者认为当今社会对年轻人的评价不公平,在本段作者用事实说话,说明当今年轻人的表现很好,支持自己的观点。

8.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“...onekeyreasonisthatmanyoftheireldersstilluseoldyardstickstomeasuretheirprogress.”及“...whatis‘normal’amongyoungpeoplehaschangedsofastthattherestofsocietyhasnotyetcaughtup.”可知,年纪大的人跟不上成长中的成年人的变化速度,因此他们应该停止用老眼光看问题,对此做出公平的评价。

Ⅱ.【解题导语】本文为说明文。许多父母像直升机一样处处照管他们的孩子,文章主要介绍了直升机式教育和改变直升机式教育的方法。

1.D　根据空前一句“Today,moderntechnologyallowsthesehelicopterparentstowatchovertheirkidsfromevenfaraway.”可推知,现代科技使得这些“直升机父母”能从远处照管他们的孩子,所以选D项“他们能在任何地方、任何时间指导他们的孩子”。

2.B　根据空前一句“Inherbook,shegivesreadersacloserlookatthisparentingstyle.”可推知,JulieLythcott-Haims在书里对这种养育方式进行了进一步阐述,所以选B项“她也解释了为什么父母应停止这种养育方式”。

3.F　根据空后一句“Butmanywereunabletotakecareofthemselves.”的转折可推知,应选F项“这些一年级新生在做试卷方面都很聪明和熟练”。

4.A　根据空前的问句和下文所列举的四种方法可知,应选A项。A项承上启下。

5.E　根据下文的“Teachthemtocrossthestreet...intheirbackpacks...”可知,应选E项。要教孩子们一些生活技巧。

Ⅲ.Dear Ms.Wood, 

I was a guest who stayed in your hotel last week.First of all,I want to express my sincere thanks for your good service,which made my stay in Sydney more enjoyable.However,you can do better in some aspects. 

To begin with,I found only one Chinese dish on the menu,which gave me a big surprise.Is it possible for you to provide Chinese dishes with more varieties?In addition,it took me a long time to find the emergency exit.Please make the signs stand out.Finally,the clerk at the front desk could be more patient.When asked about where to find the nearest swimming pool,she seemed rather annoyed.

I do hope you will take my advice into consideration.Thanks for your time. 

Yours,

Li Hua