福建专用高考英语一轮复习考点规范练19含解析

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考点规范练19Ⅰ.阅读理解The British—and especially the English—are bad at complaining.Because of British politeness rules,according to which confrontation(对抗) should be avoided,people either just do not complain,or sometimes bottle it up and then explode in an inappropriate outpouring of aggressive complaints.Infact,there is a TV programme which shows the British in typical situations where they would be perfectly justified(有正当理由的) in complaining,but they don’t.In one scene,a woman reads a newspaper over people’s shoulders and the people say nothing or look embarrassed. The British are also well-known for putting up with bad service everywhere from restaurants to airports and railway stations because the standard rules of behaviour say that it is bad to draw attention to yourself.This is why,when you travel on the Tube in London and there is yet another delay,the passengers will look at each other,sigh,smile wearily and raise their eyes to heaven.They might even say,“Huh!Typical!” in a resigned tone of voice that says that there’s nothing that can be done about it.When complaints are made,they are made in an apologetic or a humorous tone of voice.InFrance,on the other hand,angry passengers might riot(闹事) and burn down the subway station if they had to put up with the poor service that the London Underground provides.Americans and other Europeans,who are much more direct and in-your-face than the British,often wonder why British people always say“sorry”or“excuse me”when they complain.“It’s like they’re apologizing for something that isn’t their fault,”theysay.They are missing the point.British people are not really sorry—it is because the word “sorry” actually works as a distancing mechanism(技巧).This is important in terms of negative politeness and not drawing attention to yourself.If you do not say “sorry”or use other distancing words like“could”,“would”,“might”,“possibly” and so on,you will be seen as rude.1.What does the underlined part “bottle it up” in Paragraph 1 mean?A.Put something into bottles.B.Not do anything dangerous.C.Cause problems by hesitating.D.Not allow emotions to be seen.2.The French tend to 　　　. A.tolerate bad serviceB.enjoy taking the subwayC.make a complaint humorouslyD.express their dissatisfaction directly3.When the British say “sorry”,they actually want to 　　　. A.try not to be rudeB.apologize sincerelyC.show their feelings directlyD.draw attention to themselves4.Which can be the best title for the text?A.How to complainB.Complaining politelyC.Poor service in BritainD.Politeness rules across the worldⅡ.完形填空(2020·全国Ⅰ)Since our twins began learning to walk,my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window.The　1　 is obvious.If we 　2　 it is a door,they’ll want to go outside 　3　.It will drive us crazy.The kids apparently know the 　4　.But our insisting it’s 　5　 a window has kept them from 　6　millions of requests to open the door. I hate lying to the kids.One day they’ll 　7　 and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a 　8　. I wonder if 　9　 should always tell the truth no matter the 　10　.I have a very strong 　11　 that the lie we’re telling is doing 　12　 damage to our children.Windows and doors have 　13　 metaphorical(比喻) meanings.I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door.What if later in 　14　 they come to a metaphorical door,like an opportunity(机会) of some sort,and　15　 opening the door and taking the opportunity,they just 　16　 it and wonder,“What if it isn’t a door?”Thatis,“What if it isn’t a 　17　 opportunity?” Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear.But the 　18　 is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids.I should just 　19　 repeatedly having to say,“No.We can’t go outside now.”Then when they come to other doors in life,be they real or metaphorical,they won’t 　20　 to open them and walk through. 1.A.relief　　　　　　　　B.targetC.reason D.case2.A.admit B.believeC.mean D.realize3.A.gradually B.constantlyC.temporarily D.casually4.A.result B.dangerC.method D.truth5.A.merely B.slightlyC.hardly D.partly6.A.reviewing B.approvingC.receiving D.attempting7.A.win out B.give upC.wake up D.stand out8.A.dream B.lieC.fantasy D.fact9.A.parents B.twinsC.colleagues D.teachers10.A.restrictions B.explanationsC.differences D.consequences11.A.demand B.fearC.desire D.doubt12.A.physical B.biologicalC.spiritual D.behavioral13.A.traditional B.importantC.double D.original14.A.life B.timeC.reply D.history15.A.by comparison with B.in addition toC.regardless of D.instead of 16.A.get hold of B.stare atC.knock on D.make use of17.A.real B.typicalC.similar D.limited18.A.safety rule B.comfort zoneC.bottom line D.top secret19.A.delay B.regretC.enjoy D.accept20.A.hurry B.decideC.hesitate D.intendⅢ.语篇填空Many teachers believe that hands-on experience is the 1.　　　　　　 (good) way to learn.A group of students in the United States are putting that belief to the test.They 2.　　　　　　　　 (success) designed and built a robot for discovering unexplored mines 3.　　　　　　 the bottom of the sea.Students made the robot 4.　　　　　　　　　 (answer) a challenge from the U.S.Department of Defense. The students tested the underwater vehicle 5.　　　　　　 (call) Perseus Ⅱ in a 95-meter-long tank of water at the Stevens Institute of Technology.The robot costs about $15,000 to build.The students use a video game control to direct 6.　　　　　　(it) movements in the tank.What’smore,devices known as Japters 7.　　　　　　(able) the robot to go up,down and toward its target in the water.Video cameras on the robot send images back to a computer through a 13-meter-long cable.PerseusⅡ also has 8.　　　　　　set of lasers(激光),which are used to measure the size of an object. The robot is the creation of five undergraduate students.For over six months,they worked up 9.　　　　　　 20 hours a week to design and build Perseus Ⅱ.DeLorme supervised the project from 10.　　　　　　 (begin) to end.He says the specialized requirements of robots were demanding. 
考点规范练19(必修4　Unit4)Ⅰ.【解题导语】本文是议论文。英国人通常礼貌地表达不满。1.D　词义猜测题。根据上文的peopleeitherjustdonotcomplain及下文的“...andthenexplodeinaninappropriateoutpouringofaggressivecomplaints.”可推断,英国人有时不抱怨,有时抑制不满的情绪并最终爆发。故画线部分的意思应是“掩盖或抑制情绪或感情”。2.D　细节理解题。根据第二段末尾的“InFrance,ontheotherhand,angrypassengersmightriotandburndownthesubwaystationiftheyhadtoputupwiththepoorservicethattheLondonUndergroundprovides.”可知,法国人常常直接表达自己的不满。3.A　细节理解题。根据文章末尾的“Ifyoudonotsay‘sorry’oruseotherdistancingwords...youwillbeseenasrude.”可知,英国人说“抱歉”,实际上是为了在抱怨时尽量不表现得粗鲁无礼。4.B　主旨大意题。本文主要讲英国人抱怨的方式非常委婉、礼貌。故B项正确。Ⅱ.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以孩子们学走路时,向他们传输错误的概念为例,领悟到父母应守底线,不应该对孩子们说谎。1.C　自从双胞胎刚开始学走路,“我”和妻子就不停地告诉他们“我”们家的滑动玻璃门只是一扇窗子。理由(reason)是显而易见的。reason“理由”;relief“安慰”;target“目标”;case“事件”。故选C项。2.A　如果“我”们承认(admit)滑动玻璃门是一扇门,他们会不断地想出去。admit“承认”;believe“相信”;mean“意思是”;realize“认识到”。故选A项。3.B　参见上题解析。constantly“重复不断地”;gradually“逐渐地”;temporarily“暂时地”;casually“偶然地”。故选B项。4.D　根据下文可知,孩子们显然知晓(事情的)真相(truth)。truth“真相”;result“结果”;danger“危险”;method“办法”。故选D项。5.A　从文章第一段“...mywifeandIhavekepttellingthemthatourslidingglassdoorisjustawindow.”中的just可得到提示。merely“仅仅”;slightly“稍微”;hardly“几乎不”;partly“一定程度上”。故选A项。6.D　但是“我”们坚持说那仅仅是一扇窗子,这使得他们放弃了尝试(attempting)开门的请求。attempt“尝试”;review“复习”;approve“同意”;receive“收到”。故选D项。7.C　“我”讨厌对孩子说谎,有朝一日,孩子们会醒来(wakeup),并发现他们关于对窗户的认知是一个谎言。wakeup“醒来”;winout“胜出”;giveup“放弃”;standout“脱颖而出”。故选C项。8.B　从上文“Ihatelyingtothekids.”可得到提示。lie“谎言”;dream“梦想”;fantasy“幻想”;fact“事实”。故选B项。9.A　“我”想知道父母(parents)是不是应该不管结果如何,总是告诉孩子们事情的真相。故选A项。10.D　不管结果(consequences)如何,总是告诉孩子们真相。consequence“结果”;restriction“约束”;explanation“解释”;difference“差异”。故选D项。11.B　“我”有一种非常强烈的担心(fear),“我”们说的谎话会给孩子们带来精神上的伤害。最后一段第一句“Maybeit’sanunreasonablefear.”是个提示。故选B项。12.C　参见上题解析。spiritual“精神的”;physical“身体的”;biological“生物的”;behavioral“行为的”。故选C项。13.B　“窗”和“门”都有重要的(important)比喻含义。故选B项。14.A　此处表示如果他们日后生活(life)中遇到比喻含义的“门”。由下文“Thenwhentheycometootherdoorsinlife,betheyrealormetaphorical,theywon’t　　　toopenthemandwalkthrough.”也可得到提示。故选A项。 15.D　而不是(insteadof)打开门去把握机会。insteadof“而不是”;bycomparisonwith“同……比较起来”;inadditionto“除……之外(还)”;regardlessof“不管,不顾”。故选D项。16.B　孩子们只是瞪着眼睛凝视(stareat),并疑惑“那如果不是一扇门会怎样?”stareat“瞪着眼睛凝视”;getholdof“抓住”;knockon“敲击”;makeuseof“利用”。故选B项。17.A　那如果不是真的(real)机会会怎样?故选A项。18.C　或许这是一个不合理的担心,但底线(bottomline)是“我”不应该对孩子们说谎。bottomline“底线”;safetyrule“安全规则”;comfortzone“舒适区”;topsecret“绝密”。故选C项。19.D　“我”应该接受(accept)反复强调“不,‘我’们现在还不能出去”。accept“接受”;delay“延迟”;regret“后悔”;enjoy“享受”。故选D项。20.C　当他们在生活中遇到其他的门时,无论是真实的门还是比喻意义上的门,他们都不会犹豫不决,而会勇敢打开并成功跨越。hesitate“犹豫”;hurry“匆忙”;decide“决定”;intend“打算”。故选C项。Ⅲ.【解题导语】本文是说明文。本文通过事实证明:亲身的实践经验是学习的最好方法。1.best　考查形容词最高级。此处表示“亲身的实践经验是最好的学习方法”,故用最高级best。2.successfully　考查副词。副词修饰动词designed和built做状语,故用successfully。3.at　考查介词。atthebottomof表示“在……的底部”,故用at。4.toanswer　考查非谓语动词。在这里toanswer是动词不定式做目的状语,表示“制造这个机器人是为了应对美国国防部的一项挑战”。5.called　考查非谓语动词。此处应用过去分词做后置定语,表示“被叫作”,故用called。6.its　考查代词。由后面的movements可知,应用形容词性物主代词做定语。指“机器人的”,用its。7.enable　考查动词和时态。分析句子结构可知,主语是devices,谓语是设空处,故应用动词enable,表示“使发生”。且此处是一般性的描述,故应用一般现在时。8.a　考查冠词。asetof“一系列”,故用a。9.to　考查固定短语。upto“达到”,故用介词to。10.beginning　考查固定短语。frombeginningtoend“从头到尾”。