专题16 阅读理解02020-2021学年八年级英语下学期期末专项复习（人教新目标）(28689379)

这是一份专题16 阅读理解02020-2021学年八年级英语下学期期末专项复习（人教新目标）(28689379)，共12页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解题型介绍，阅读理解题型做题技巧，开动脑筋推测词义，用知识和生活经验理解短文，条分缕析理解长旬等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题16 阅读理解（含答案解析）  第一部分 题型解题技巧 一、阅读理解题型介绍阅读理解主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解能力及材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。阅读理解短文中考主要文体包括应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文，考点包括细节理解、主旨大意、词义猜测、推理判断、观点态度、写作意图、段落大意、标题归纳等。二、阅读理解题型做题技巧 一、分门别类识别文体。记叙文阅读主要抓六大要素，时间地点、人物和事件的起因经过和结果。除此之外，还要注意人物之间的关系、表现，再从中分析人物的思想品质、性格特征等。议论文是阐明对人或事的立场观点，因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理从而得出结论。应用文能站近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、 广告、便条、中清书、个人简历等，形式多样，对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。二、统览全篇摘录要点阅读理解是对整前文章的目的、意园、观点、立场、志度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录，因为些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接获取的，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。抽录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。三、开动脑筋推测词义初中英语教学基本要求规定，学生能根据上下文推测词义，并能不借助词典读懂含有3%生词的语言材料。换言之，这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程，学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为，可以借助以下几种方法完成内化过程:(1)根据上下文猜测调义。(2)根据构词法猜测词义。前缓un-表反义词，如happy-unhappy; fair unfair; important-unimportant等。缀-ment表名词，如develop development; state statement; argue- argument等。后最-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如calculate- calculator; visit- visitor; law- lawyer; art-artist等。四、用知识和生活经验理解短文如根据化学知识，可以理解Walter is made from oxygen and hydrogen;根据生活经验可以理解Green plants let out oxygen and breathe in carbon dioxide.还有一种方法是根据逻辑推理理解短文。逆细推理实际上就是文章的弦外之音”“言下之意”。五、条分缕析理解长旬物型，相生间选理制的对点之一，长句中酒常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构，对于这类句子要分清主次先批出包句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补，再找出修饰它的从句短语等经过分析，化整为零，化默为简，此句就不难理解了。 第二部分 阅读理解专项训练  一、阅读理解AElephants are the largest animals on land. For a long time, they are very helpful. They carry big trees, take people from place to place, and are even used in wars.Some people think it’s not easy to hurt an elephant because its skin is thick and hard. In fact, that’s wrong. Sometimes, a needle can also be very dangerous for the elephant.People say elephants are afraid of mice. This is wrong, too. In fact, elephants have very poor eyesight, so they usually cannot see a mouse even if one comes very close to them. If a person has a good memory, people will say that he has an elephant memory. However, up to now, no study shows that elephants have a better memory than any other animal.People also believe that when it is time for elephants to die, they will hide themselves in a so-called “elephant graveyard”. Often, hunters try to find such places to get ivories（象牙）, but few people really find places like that. In fact, when elephants are old or get sick, they will stay in deep and secret caves until they get better or die.1．What can’t elephants help people do?A．Carry heavy trees. B．Help people build houses.C．Carry people to different places. D．Help people fight in the war.2．Which of the following is TRUE about elephants?A．Elephants are afraid of mice. B．Elephants have very poor memory.C．Elephants cannot see very clearly. D．Elephants never go to caves.3．What is the possible meaning of the underlined word “graveyard”?A．A place for hiding dead bodies. B．A place for animals to play in.C．A place with yards and flowers. D．A place where elephants are safe.4．What will elephants do when they get sick?A．They will go to see a doctor.B．They will ask other animals for help.C．They will ask humans for help.D．They will stay in deep caves themselves.5．What is the main idea of this article?A．Elephants are man’s best friends.B．Different countries have different elephants.C．Elephants are the world’s biggest animals on land.D．Some of our ideas about elephants are not correct.  B My name is Betty. Last July, I went to Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida. It was a wonderful trip because I spent time with my family. I went there with my dad, mom, brother and sister. We had lots of fun there.We took my dad’s new car to Florida. It was a long trip but we enjoyed ourselves on the way.We went to a dinner show — Jolly Holiday. It has funny characters(人物) and lots of singing. We enjoyed it.I went on rides with my dad, brother and sister. We went on Splash Mountain. We went through a tunnel(隧道). We saw different Disney characters. My mom took photos of me with different Disney characters. We saw Cinderella at the Magic Kingdom. She gave a show with her friends. At the Beach Club Resort, my family saw Chip and Dale. They walked around to meet everyone.6．When did Betty take a trip to Walt Disney World last year?A．In June. B．In July. C．In August. D．In October.7．How many people went with Betty?A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.8．How did Betty get to Florida?A．By car. B．By bus. C．By train. D．By plane.9．Where did Betty see Cinderella?A．At a dinner show. B．On Splash Mountain.C．At the Beach Club Resort. D．At the Magic Kingdom.10．Which of the following is TRUE?A．Cinderella gave a show at Jolly Holiday.B．Betty went on rides with her dad and mom.C．Chip and Dale walked around to meet people.D．Betty’s dad took photos of him with Disney characters. The Elephant Herd CThe Elephant is lovely and it is very big. It has two big ears and a long nose. It has four strong legs and it can help people do many things, such as watering the flowers with its nose and carrying heavy things and so on. The elephant is another animal that lives in groups. An elephant herd (群) usually has from twenty to forty members. The elephants in the herd usually depend on one another for help when they are in trouble. The leader of the group is usually a wise and strong female (雌性的). She travels at the head of the herd and the other females and their young children follow her. The male elephants follow last. When the danger comes, the male elephants form a circle  (圈) around the weaker animals and protect them. The members of the herd are loyal  (忠诚的) to one another. A sick elephant is not left behind to die. If an elephant is sick, the whole herd stops traveling until it gets well. When an elephant is hurt, two others walk on both sides of it and support it with their bodies. A member of the herd may be caught in a trap (陷阱). Then the others try to help it. An elephant herd is just like a family of our people.Elephants love the young in the group and give them special care and love. For example, they help young animals stay afloat (漂浮着) when the herd crosses a river. They work together to help a child get to the safety when it goes to a dangerous place. The way elephants love and care the youngsters is like ours.When a female elephant gives birth to her young baby, she will go out of the herd and she usually leaves the herd for a short time. However, she takes another female along to act as “aunt”. The aunt stands beside and helps the mother with her new-born baby. In this way, the whole herd protects its newest member. That’s the elephant herd. Do you like it?11．When the danger comes, the male elephants form a circle around _________ to protect them.A．the female elephants B．the weaker elephantsC．the leader of the elephants D．the stronger elephants12．The writer probably agrees _________.A．sick elephants are usually left behind to dieB．baby elephants can’t swim well in the riverC．elephants always give the old ones special careD．most elephant herds have over a hundred members13．What can we learn from the passage?A．Elephants like to live alone so the male ones are strong.B．Many young elephants die when they cross rivers in groups.C．Elephants can help each other in time when they are in trouble.D．The female elephant leaves the herd forever after she has babies.   DRunning Your Own RaceThink back to a time in your life when you tried something new. When I was a teenager, I volunteered to pass out water to the runners at a local race. I was so excited to see all the different runners who passed by and quickly took a cup of water. Some ran past, some walked past.I saw so many types of people doing it. I thought maybe I could do it, too! The next year I was told about the race. Although I had little running practice, I decided to run for the race. I didn’t want to win. My only goal was to experience it. I just wanted to finish. On the day of the race, it was very hot. After running for about 8 km, I thought, “I must be crazy. I am not good at running. Why did I do this? What was I thinking?” And at one moment, I even said to myself, “I am never doing this again!”That first 10 km race was quite an experience. I ran, I walked, I ran and walked. At times, I didn’t know if I could finish.Near the end, a 70-year-old man ran past me, very fast, and I felt a little embarrassed (尴尬的). I was more than 50 years younger than him, but I couldn’t even keep up with him. But then I realized something. He was running his race and I was running mine. How often in life do we compare (比较) ourselves to others when we really shouldn’t? I decided that I would not give up running races, and one day in the future I would be one of those 70-year-old men who were still running.As I crossed the finishing line, I was proud of myself. I didn’t regret (后悔) having such an experience.14．What did the writer do at a local race as a volunteer?A．He compared with the old runners. B．He passed out water to the runners.C．He took back the cups from runners. D．He helped and kept up with runners.15．Why did the writer join the race?A．Because he was good at running. B．Because he wanted to win a prize.C．Because he wanted to experience it. D．Because he had much running practice.16．What can we learn from the story?A．We should always think about winning. B．We should keep learning from old people.C．We shouldn’t practice running for the race. D．We shouldn’t always compare with others.  EHow Smart Is Man’s Best Friend?We feed them, we let them sleep in our beds, we play with them and we even talk to them. Of course, we love them. Any dog-owner will tell you that their pets (宠物) can understand the world around them. And they’re right. Scientists have found great ways to find out what human’s best friend can do.The Science of Animal Cognition (认知)Over the past several years, humans have learnt more about dog cognition with the use of MRI machines to scan dog brains (大脑). In a study done in 2015, Ragen McGowan, a scientist at Nestlé Purina specializing in dog cognition, found that a human’s presence leads to increased blood flow to a dog’s eyes, ears and paws, which means the dog is excited.McGowan also studied what happened to dogs when they were being petted. We’ve known for some time that for humans, petting a beloved animal can lead to lower rates of stress and worry. Well, it turns out the same is true for dogs. When humans pet dogs for 15 minutes or more, the dog’s heart rate decreases and it becomes less worried.Another study found that dogs can not only tell the difference between happy and sad human faces, but also respond (回应) differently to them.As Smart as ChildrenDogs, as any dog-owner knows, are highly trainable. Scientists have found that dog intelligence (智商) is similar to that of a two-year-old human child. They also found that dogs could understand up to 250 words and hand signs. Even more surprising, dogs can actually count low numbers (up to five) and even do simple math.And have you ever experienced the emotions (情绪) of your dog while you’re petting another animal or paying attention to something else? Do you imagine they feel something like human jealousy? Well, there’s science to back this up, too. Studies have found that dogs do, in fact, experience jealousy. Not only that, but dogs do their best to “handle” the thing that’s taking their owner’s attention — and if they have to get the attention back on them, they will.The studies all make one thing clear: that humans may know much less about dog brains than we previously thought. As time goes on, more and more scientists are becoming interested in animal research, and with each new study done, we find out more about how our beloved pets think.17．When humans pet their dogs, ________.A．dogs become shy B．dogs respond differentlyC．they both become less worried D．humans have a higher rate of blood flow18．From the passage, we know ________.A．dogs can increase their heart rate and show excitementB．dogs can be trained to understand words and hand signsC．scientists suggest dogs should experience human jealousyD．humans have learnt enough about what dogs can do, think and feel19．What is the passage mainly about?A．How to treat our dogs well.B．How to train dogs to be smarter.C．An introduction to dog intelligence and emotion.D．The differences between dogs’ abilities and human children’s.   FCharlie was very obedient (顺从的) to his parents and teachers, for which everyone loved him a lot. Because of his father’s job, he went to a new school. As Charlie was a nice boy, soon most of his new classmates became his good friends.But there was one boy named Bill in the class. He was a very naughty boy, and no one liked him at all. He found that Charlie was a quiet boy. So, he started creating troubles for his new classmate. At lunchtime, Bill often ate Charlie’s lunch. No one dared to stop Bill for fear of being bullied (欺凌) by him. Charlie kept quiet and did not complain to the class teacher! When Charlie’s parents learned about Bill, they wanted to come to the school. Charlie stopped them and said, “Mom, Dad, please do not worry. Everything will be all right. After all, Bill is also a kid like me.”The days went by and the time came for the sports meeting at school. Charlie was good at sports and he took part in a number of events. Bill also took part in the sack race, though he could not run very fast. When Bill saw that Charlie won the first prize in the 100-meter and 200-meter races, he felt jealous (嫉妒) and decided that he would not let it happen in the sack race too.As planned, Bill tried to push Charlie while running on the tracks of sack race. But he lost his own balance and fell down! His leg was badly hurt. Charlie at first did not see what happened and kept running toward the finish line. But when he turned back and saw Bill lying, he stopped and went back to help him!Charlie took him to the school doctor. “You lost this sack race because of me!” said Bill. “My Mom told me that helping a friend is more important than winning a race,” answered Charlie.Bill was touched and decided that he would try to be a good boy like Charlie. After that day, Charlie and Bill became best friends!20．From the passage, we know Charlie was ________.A．unfriendly B．nice C．strong D．careless21．No one liked Bill because ________.A．he was a fat boy B．he was a naughty boyC．he wasn’t good at sports D．he wasn’t good at study22．What happened in the sack race?A．Bill hurt Charlie while running.B．Charlie fell down and hurt his leg.C．Charlie gave up the race to help Bill.D．Bill took Charlie to the school doctor.23．What can you learn from Charlie?A．To become confident, try your best to win.B．To make a lot of friends, don’t bully others.C．Experiences can help you solve problems easily.D．Kindness can change someone into a good person.  参考答案 1-5．BCADD短文大意文章介绍了大象是陆地上最大的动物，它可以帮助人们做很多事情。但是有很多关于大象的观点其实都是错误的，这篇短文给我们介绍了这些错误的观点和真实的情况是什么样的。解析1．细节理解题。根据“They carry big trees, take people from place to place, and are even used in wars.”可知，大象可以搬运大的树木、带人们从一个地方到另一个地方、甚至在战争中使用。因此A、C和D三个选项都提到了，没有提到帮助人们修建房子。故选B。2．推理判断题。根据“People say elephants are afraid of mice. This is wrong, too. In fact, elephants have very poor eyesight”可知，大象的视力是很差的，故选C。3．词义猜测题。根据“People also believe that when it is time for elephants to die, they will hide themselves in a so-called “elephant graveyard”.”可知，当大象要死去的时候，他们会把他们自己藏在所谓的“大象的坟墓”里。因此graveyard是死去的大象所在的地方，故选A。4．细节理解题。根据“In fact, when elephants are old or get sick, they will stay in deep and secret caves until they get better or die.”可知，当大象变老或生病时，它们会呆在深而秘密的洞穴里，直到病情好转或死亡。故选D。5．主旨大意题。这篇短文中给我们介绍了陆地上最大的动物——大象，我们有很多关于大象的说法都是错误的，如“Some people think it’s not easy to hurt an elephant because its skin is thick and hard. In fact, that’s wrong…In fact, when elephants are old or get sick, they will stay in deep and secret caves until they get better or die.”等，因此D选项符合文意。故选D。 6-10．BCADC短文大意本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己与家人去迪士尼游玩的经历。解析6．细节理解题。根据原文“Last July, I went to Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida”可知，作者去年七月去的迪士尼。故选B。7．细节理解题。根据原文“I went there with my dad, mom, brother and sister”可知，与作者贝蒂同行的有父母和哥哥姐姐共四人。故选C。8．细节理解题。根据原文“We took my dad’s new car to Florida”可知，作者坐的父亲的车去的佛罗里达。故选A。9．细节理解题。根据原文“We saw Cinderella at the Magic Kingdom”可知，作者是在魔法王国见到的辛德瑞拉。故选D。10．细节理解题。根据原文“At the Beach Club Resort, my family saw Chip and Dale. They walked around to meet everyone”可知，奇奇和蒂蒂四处转悠与人们见面。故选C。 11-13．BBC短文大意本文讲述了大象很可爱，它有两只大耳朵和一个长鼻子。它有四条强壮的腿，它可以帮助人们做很多事情，如用它的鼻子浇花和搬运重物等。大象是另一种群居动物。象群中的大象遇到麻烦时，通常会互相帮助。解析11．细节理解题。根据“When the danger comes, the male elephants form a circle (圈) around the weaker animals and protect them.”可推测出当危险来临时，公象会在弱小的动物周围围成一圈，保护它们，故选B。12．推理判断题。根据“For example, they help young animals stay afloat (漂浮着) when the herd crosses a river.”当象群过河时，它们帮助年幼的动物保持漂浮状态，可推测出小象在河里游泳不太好，故选B。13．推理判断题。根据“The elephants in the herd usually depend on one another for help when they are in trouble.”可推测出象群中的大象遇到困难时通常互相依靠以寻求帮助，故选C。 14-16．BCD本文大意作者回忆了十几岁时的一次尝试新事物的经历。作者自愿在比赛中分发水，看到不同的跑步者经过感到很兴奋；第二年作者也参加了比赛，起初后悔，遇到一位老人时，作者坚持跑到了终点。告诉我们要坚持，跑完自己的比赛，不要后悔尝试新事物。解析14．细节理解题。根据“When I was a teenager, I volunteered to pass out water to the runners at a local race.”可知，作者在当地的一次比赛中作为志愿者分发水。故选B。15．推理判断题。根据“I saw so many types of people doing it. I thought maybe I could do it, too! The next year I was told about the race…My only goal was to experience it.”可知，作者参赛没有经过练习，只想结束比赛，所以推测作者是因为想有这样的经历而参赛。故选C。16．主旨大意题。根据“But then I realized something. He was running his race and I was running mine. How often in life do we compare (比较) ourselves to others when we really shouldn’t?...”可知，故事通过作者参加跑步比赛中意识到，人们不应该总是和别人进行比较，坚持做好自己的事情才是最好的，故选D。 17-19．CBC短文大意本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了狗的认知、智力和情绪。解析17．细节理解题。根据“We’ve known for some time that for humans, petting a beloved animal can lead to lower rates of stress and worry”及“When humans pet dogs for 15 minutes or more, the dog’s heart rate decreases and it becomes less worried”可知，当人们抚摸狗时，会变得不再那么忧虑；同样得，狗在被人抚摸时，也会变得不再那么忧虑。故选C。18．细节理解题。根据“Dogs, as any dog-owner knows, are highly trainable.”及“They also found that dogs could understand up to 250 words and hand signs.”可知，狗是高度可训练的，它们可以被训练理解单词和手势。故选B。19．主旨大意题。根据“Dogs, as any dog-owner knows, are highly trainable.”及“And have you ever experienced the emotions…”可知，本文主要介绍了狗的智力及情绪。故选C。 20-23．BBCD短文大意本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了查理用自己的善良改变了顽皮的比尔，使比尔变成了一个好孩子。解析20．细节理解题。根据“Charlie was a nice boy”可知，查理是一个好孩子。故选B。21．细节理解题。根据“He was a very naughty boy, and no one liked him at all.”可知，比尔是一个顽皮的孩子，所以没有人喜欢他。故选B。22．细节理解题。根据“But when he turned back and saw Bill lying, he stopped and went back to help him!”及“You lost this sack race because of me!”可知，查理在冲向终点时看到比尔摔倒在地上，于是放弃比赛去帮助比尔。故选C。23．推理判断题。根据“Bill was touched and decided that he would try to be a good boy like Charlie.”及全文可知，比尔起初是一个顽皮的孩子，后来他被善良的查理感动，决定做一个好孩子；故善良可以使一个人成为一个好人。故选D。