专题14 短文填空02020-2021学年八年级英语下学期期末专项复习（人教新目标）(28689377)

这是一份专题14 短文填空02020-2021学年八年级英语下学期期末专项复习（人教新目标）(28689377)，共11页。试卷主要包含了短文填空题型介绍，短文填空题型做题技巧等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题14 短文填空（含答案解析）  第一部分 题型解题技巧 一、短文填空题型介绍短文填空这种题型一般是给出一段短文，出题的方式比较多样。这种题型一般难度稍大。考查的是同学们对短文上下文的理解能力、对单词词组句型的运用能力，以及对全文逻辑推理能力。是中考重要题型之一。二、短文填空题型做题技巧 ①英语首字母填空1. 通读短文知大意，看整体全面了解。每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，细节不理解可以跳过。因此，在解题之前通读一遍短文，目的是对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。2. 复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文，目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头（一般不设空）和结尾，它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。要注意上、下文的关系，把握文章的整体意义。另外，要学会跳读，即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避，待理解全文后再找解决方法。有些短文填空题，出现约 3%~5% 的生词很正常，要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，来确定它的词义。3. 反复推敲多分析，慎重答题讲合理再次通读短文，对留空的句子进行全面的分析，看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义。这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读，要留心找出关键词、短语或句子，还要结合所给首字母的提示，进行填写，并注意单词的正确形式。4. 认真复查全文，把握整体和词形来源：做完以后，再认真读一遍，检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符，文章是否通顺，前后是否呼应，有无句型结构及语法错误。②选词填空该题型是初中英语的一个重要题型，它集词的用法与搭配、词语辨析、语法、单句理解等考查于一体，既考查了考生的语言知识水平，又检测了考生的分析判断能力和综合运用语言知识的实践能力。1. 在拿到题目后，不要急于看文章，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性做简单的标记，例如：名词、动词、形容词、副词等等，同时对词义作初步的理解。2. 仔细阅读句子，充分理解句子的意思，注意发现固定搭配关系，凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。3. 在选定单词后，不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中，需要瞻前顾后，既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。当你选定一个名词时，要考虑是否要把它变成复数或“所有格”形式。其他还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词；在遇到动词时，要有意识地去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化(动词不定式-to do，现在分词-doing，过去分词-done，固定搭配enjoy doing sth./ used to do sth./ have sth. done…)；形容词和副词填空时要主动去判定是否需要变成比较级或高级，还有它们之间的相互转换以及形容词变名词也需考虑，例如：more interesting/the most interesting，happy-happily/happiness；填入代词时，需注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用法；数词方面要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数的用法。③自由填空该短文填空题型相关短文的话题一般是一个学生们都非常熟悉的话题，相对比较容易理解，难度不大。题型根据文意在空格填写适当的单词，题目中没有给出关于单词的任何提示，学生们只能通过上下文的意思进行猜测，还需要注意单词的适当形式。做题时，应先通读短文，将空格隔过去，了解文章的大概意思；然后再确切理解每句话想要表达的内容，填写适当的单词。句子的结构、固定短语等，也是解题的关键。④杂糅性填空 首先要快速浏览全文，理解短文的大致意思，再精读短文注意所填的词在句中的词性、时态等等。语法填空题要根据上下文语境，运用语法和词汇知识，反复推敲以求得解答．对于同义词和近义词的选项，在充分考虑到上下文具体语境下特别注意这些同义词和近义词搭配．本文主要考查了动词、名词、形容词、副词、等实词，需要考生弄懂上下文的语境．⑤考提示词填空本题为短文填空，首先要快速浏览全文，理解短文的大致意思，再精读短文注意所填的词在句中的词性、时态等等。然后根据句意、上下文联系、语境及所给出的汉语提示填写出合适的词语。短文填空，要求根据句意结构和单词提示填空，使句意通顺，文意连贯。主要考查单词形式，包括名词的单复数和所有格、动词的三单形式、非谓语动词、基数词或序数词，主格代词/宾格代词和物主代词（形容词性物主代词/名词性物主代词）等。这类题目难度不大，重点是掌握句意，在理解的基础上把握句子时态，从而判断所给单词的正确形式。  第二部分 短文填空专项训练  短文填空01阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。When Tom Howard was seventeen years old, he was 1． tall as his father, so he began to borrow Mr. Howard’s clothes 2． he wanted to go out with his friends in the evening. Mr. Howard did not like this, and he always got very angry when he 3． (find) his son wearing any of his things.  4． a cold evening, when Tom came downstairs to go out, his father stopped him in the hall. He looked at Tom’s clothes very 5． (care). Then he said angrily, “ Isn’t that one of my 6． (coat), Tom?” “Yes. Father, it is,” answered Tom.“And that shirt is mine, 7．.”“Yes, that’s 8． (you), too,” answered Tom.“And you’re wearing my belt(腰带)!” Mr. Howard said. “I am, Father,” answered Tom. “You don’t want your trousers 9．  (fall) down, do you?” After hearing that, Mr. Howard got even 10． (angry) and shouted, “Oh, you wear my trousers!”  短文填空02   On June 12th. 2019, 10-year-old Selah Schneiter set a record. She is now 11． (young) person to successfully complete the climb up “The Nose” of El Capitan (酋长岩).El Capitan is 914 12． (meter) high. Climbing El Capitan is not an easy job if you’re in a hurry. 13． some people have tried to climb El Capitan in a day, most people spend four or five.Selah set off 14． her father Mike Schneiter and a friend of his. Mark Regier. They spent their time 15． (enjoy) their mornings and their lunchtimes. It was hard at times. She was tired and seared sometimes, but she still 16． (keep) going. At 5:45 in the afternoon on the 17． (five) day, they finally reached the top.For anyone thinking about climbing El Capitan, Selah says, “18． is not necessary for a person to do something like that. You have to put your mind to it and think about it.”Selah 19． (have) a love of climbing since she was young. Her father and mother fell in love on El Capitan. That story is part of what made her want 20． (climb) it.   短文填空03 Life is not wonderful enough if there are no good teachers in your life. 21． (luck), I have some. One of them is Blance Caffiere, 22． kind librarian and teacher. I am always thankful for the important role she played in my life.When I first 23． (meet) Mrs. Caffiere, she was a beautiful librarian who worked in View Ridge Elementary. Mrs. Caffiere thought that it was important for me 24． (be) myself. She shared her love for books with me. At the same time, she started asking questions about 25． I loved. Then she gave me a lot of books that were 26． (difficult) than the books I was reading at the time. After I'd read them, she would have a 27． (discuss) about them with me. She would 28． (serious) listened to what I had to say. Later, we became good friends. Looking back on it now, I think there's no question that my time with Mrs. Caffiere helped me become more interested 29． libraries. That time also made me pay more attention to helping every child in America. It's been a long time since I last saw her. 30． I see her again, I will sincerely say "thank you".  短文填空04 People and animals live in the same world. It is 31．（必要的）for us to keep the balance between people and animals. If not, there will be bad 32．（结果）to both people and animals. We can’t live 33．（没有）animals. China is a large country with a large number of wild animals. One of them is called the panda. Most of them live in Sichuan and Gansu Provinces. Now there are 34．（更少的）pandas than before. China has many other rare（珍稀的）animals, but the number is 35．（变成）smaller and smaller. So we have to protect them, or there will be no wild animals in the 36．（未来）. Luckily, more and more people begin to know it is important to take care of animals. Animal Map did a survey at Green High School. Only 5% of the students 37．（几乎不）ever care about the problem. Lots of 38．（青少年）are going to Sichuan to see pandas and show their love for them. We students can also do something for animals 39．（虽然）we have little money. Loving animals is loving 40．（我们自己）.  短文填空05  Do you keep a dog as your pet? Maybe it's very cute and interesting. And dogs are people's best 41．, so it's very important for us to know something about our friends, dogs. But how can we do that?Sometimes we can see a dog erect（竖起）its tail （尾巴）and make its ears up. Then you have to be careful. It 42．that the dog is watching very carefully and ready to take some actions（行动）. If a dog's tail is between the legs, it means that the dog is afraid. Often, dogs wag（摇晃） their tails 43． they see their owners. But it doesn't mean that wagging tail is always a good thing.As for some dogs, 44． just have short tails. That makes it more difficult for them to talk with their owners and other dogs. Interestingly enough, dogs with 45． tails have more risks to meet dangerous dogs than dogs with longer tails.46．, some dogs don't have any tails. One of the purposes（目的）is to keep them safe. There are also some other purposes, for example, some kinds of dogs look more beautiful 47． tails.All in all, dogs are our friends. And we all want to share with friends when we are happy, talk to friends when we feel sad and spend time with friends when we 48． lonely.Hope this article can help you. 短文填空06For the rest of the day, a breath of fresh air seemed to blow through the house. Something b49． than sunshine brightened the quiet rooms. When the girls met, their pale faces broke into s50．, they hugged each other and whispered, “Mother is coming, mother is coming!”The snow continued to fall all day. The hours passed very s51．. The doctor came and told them to hope for a c52． in Beth’s condition, for better or worse, at about midnight. Hanna lay down on the sofa and fell fast a53．. Mr Laurence walked up and down the parlor（会客厅）, looking w54．. Laurie lay on the rug and looked into the fire.The girls didn’t sleep at all that night. The house was very q55．, but outside the wind was whistling in the trees. Just after midnight, Laurie went out to the station to pick up Mrs March while it was s56． hard. Two hours later, Jo was looking out of the window of Beth’s room when she heard a noise. She looked around. Meg was sitting on the floor with her h57． over her face. Hannah was still asleep.“Beth’s dead and Meg’s afraid to tell me,” Jo thought. She ran to the bed. Beth’s f58． was very pale but peaceful. There was no sign for suffering on it any more.   参考答案短文填空01答案1．as2．because3．found4．On5．carefully6．coats7．too8．yours9．to fall10．more angry短文大意本文讲述了17岁的Tom Howard经常偷穿父亲的裤子和衬衫，被父亲发现，父亲十分生气的故事。解析1．句意：Tom Howard17岁的时候，长得和他父亲一样高了。固定搭配：as tall as“如……一样高”，故填as。2．句意：于是，他开始借Howard先生的衣服，因为他想和朋友晚上一起出去。“he began to borrow Mr. Howard’s clothes”与“he wanted to go out with his friends in the evening”是因果关系，后是因，故填because。3．句意：当他发现他的儿子穿着他的任何东西时，他总是非常生气。根据“got”可知，句子是一般过去时，此空应填动词过去式，故填found。4．句意：在一个寒冷的晚上，当Tom下楼要出去时。“a cold evening”是具体的某一天的晚上，前用介词on，故填On。5．句意：他非常仔细地看了Tom的衣服。此空修饰动词“looked at”，要用副词，故填carefully。6．句意：那不是我的一件外套吗？固定搭配：one of+复数名词，表示“……之一”，故填coats。7． 句意：那件衬衫也是我的。根据“Isn’t that one of my coats”及“that shirt is mine”可知，爸爸看出来衬衫也是他的，此空位于肯定句句末，用too表示“也”，故填too。8．句意：是的，那也是你的。此空表示“你的衬衫”，空格后无名词，用名词性物主代词作表语，故填yours。9．句意：你不想要你的裤子掉下来，是吗？want sb/sth to do sth“让某人/某物做某事”，故填to fall。10．句意：听到那个之后，Howard先生变得更生气了并吼叫。get是连系动词，后接形容词作表语，even修饰形容词比较级，故填more angry。  短文填空02答案11．the youngest12．meters13．Although/Though14．with15．enojying16．kept17．fifth18．It19．has had20．to climb短文大意文章讲述了10岁女孩Selah在2019年6月12日创下了成功爬上酋长岩的记录，介绍了她爬这座山的经历。解析11．句意：她现在是成功登上酋长岩的最年轻的人。根据“person to successfully complete the climb up “The Nose” of El Capitan (酋长岩)”可知，此处说的是最年轻的人，应用形容词的最高级形式，young的最高级是youngest，最高级前面要加定冠词the，故填the youngest。12．句意：酋长岩高914米。根据“914”可知，此处的名词应用复数形式，故填meters。13．句意：尽管有些人试着一天爬酋长岩，但大多数人还是花了四五天。结合“Climbing El Capitan is not an easy job if you’re in a hurry.”以及“some people have tried to climb El Capitan in a day, most people spend four or five.”可知，这里表达的是虽然有些人想一天爬完酋长岩，但是还是花了四五天，此处应用连词although/though，引导让步状语从句，位于句首首字母要大写，故填Although/Though。14．句意：Selah和他的父亲Mike Schneiter以及父亲的一位朋友一起出发了。“和某人一起”是介词with，故填with。15．句意：他们花时间享受早上和午餐时间。spend time (in) doing sth“花费时间做某事”，空格应用动名词形式作宾语，故填enjoying。16．句意：她有时感到疲倦和焦灼，但她仍然坚持下去。描述过去的事情用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填kept。17．句意：第五天下午5点45分，他们终于到达了山顶。根据“on the...day”可知，此处表达的是顺序，要用序数词，故填fifth。18．句意：对于一个人来说，做一些像那样的事情是没有必要的。此处是结构“It is adj for sb to do sth”，不定式作真正的主语，it作形式主语，位于句首首字母要大写，故填It。19．句意：Selah从小就喜欢爬山。根据“since she was young”可知，句子应该用现在完成时，结构是“have/has+过去分词”，主语是第三人称“Selah”，助动词用has，故填has had。20．句意：这个故事是她想要攀登的部分原因。want to do sth“想要做某事”，应用不定式形式作宾语，故填to climb。 短文填空03答案21．Luckily22．a23．met24．to be25．what26．more difficult27．discussion28．seriously29．in30．If\When短文大意本文作者讲了自己的好老师Blance Caffiere，她让作者的生活精彩，并在作者生命中扮演了重要角色。解析21．句意：幸运地是，我有一些。根据标点及后面接的是句子可知，空处应该用副词形式修饰整个句子，luck的副词形式是luckily，句首字母大写。故填Luckily。22．句意：其中一个是Blance Caffiere，一位善良的图书管理员兼教师。根据句意可知，此处表示“一位”善良的图书管理员兼教师，是泛指，又因kind是以辅音音素开头，所以空处应该用a。故填a。23．句意：当我第一次见到Blance Caffiere老师的时候，她是一位美丽的图书管理员，她在View Ridge小学工作。根据空后句子“she was a beautiful librarian who worked in View Ridge Elementary”是一般过去时，可知，when引导的时间状语从句应该是一般过去时，动词用过去式met。故填met。24．句意：Blance Caffiere老师认为我做自己很重要。根据空前的“it was important for me”可知，此句是it is+adj+for sb to do sth，意为做某事对于某人来说……，所以空处应该用不定式形式to be。故填to be。25．句意：与此同时，她开始问我喜欢什么。根据句意可知，本句是含有宾语从句的主从复合句，从句中loved缺少宾语，应该用what作引导词，what I loved我喜欢什么。故填what。26．句意：然后她给了我很多书，比我当时正在读的书更难。根据空前的were可知，空处应该用形容词作表语，根据空后的than可知，空处应该用形容词的比较级，difficult的比较级形式为more difficult。故填more difficult。27．句意：我读完之后，她会和我讨论这些书。根据空前的have a及空后的about可知，此处是have a discussion about sth，空处应该用名词形式discussion。故填discussion。28．句意：她会认真地听我说的话。根据句意可知，空处应该用副词形式修饰实义动词listened，serious的副词形式是seriously。故填seriously。29．句意：现在回想起来，我认为毫无疑问，我和Blance Caffiere老师在一起的时光让我对图书馆更感兴趣了。根据空前的“become more interested”及空后的“libraries”可知，此处是短语become interested in sth，意为对……感兴趣，become more interested in libraries对图书馆更感兴趣。故填in。30．句意：如果我再见到她/当我再次见到她时，我会真诚地说“谢谢”。根据后面主句用了一般将来时，结合句意可知，此处是以if引导的条件状语从句或以when引导的时间状语从句，句首字母大写。故填If\When。 短文填空04答案31．necessary32．results33．without34．fewer35．Becoming36．future37．hardly38．teenagers39．though40．ourselves短文大意本文谈论了保持人与动物之间平衡的必要性，同时介绍了一些保护动物的必要措施。解析31．句意：我们有必要保持人和动物之间的平衡。“必要的”译为necessary，形容词在句中作表语。故填necessary。32．句意：否则，对人和动物都会有不好的结果。“结果”译为result，根据“to both people and animals”可知不止一种结果，用复数形式。故填results。33．句意：没有动物我们就不能生存。“没有”译为without。故填without。34．句意：现在熊猫比以前少了。“pandas”是可数名词复数，“更少的”应用few的比较级fewer来表示。故填fewer。35．句意：中国还有许多其他珍稀动物，但数量正变得越来越少。“变成”译为become。be动词is后加其现在分词形式becoming，构成现在进行时，表示逐渐变化。故填becoming。36．句意：所以我们必须保护它们，否则未来将没有野生动物。“未来”译为future。in the future在将来，固定搭配。故填future。37．句意：只有5%的学生几乎从不关心这个问题。“几乎不”译为hardly，频度副词。故填hardly。38．句意：许多青少年要去四川看熊猫，表达他们对它们的爱。“青少年”译为teenager，是可数名词；“Lots of”后接可数名词复数。故填teenagers。39．句意：我们学生也可以为动物做些事情，虽然我们没有多少钱。“虽然”译为though，引导让步状语从句。故填though。40．句意：爱护动物就是爱护我们自己。“我们自己”译为ourselves，反身代词。故填ourselves。 短文填空05答案41．friends42．means43．when/if44．They45．shorter46．However47．without48．are/feel/get短文大意本文主要讲述狗是人类的朋友，并详细介绍了狗一些行为和不同种类的狗。解析41．句意：狗是人类最好的朋友。根据“so it's very important for us to know something about our friends, dogs.”可知，狗是人类最好的“朋友”，friend朋友，根据“dogs”可知，空格处填“friend”的复数形式“friends”。故填friends。42．句意：这意味着狗正在非常仔细地观察，并准备采取一些行动。根据“Then you have to be careful…that the dog is watching very carefully and ready to take some actions”可知，空格处表达“意味着”，mean意味着，该句是一般现在时，主语“It”是第三人称单数，故空格处填“mean”的三单形式“means”。故填means。43．句意：通常，狗见到主人时会摇尾巴。根据“dogs wag their tails … they see their owners.”可知，空格处可以填“if”构成条件状语从句，也可以填“when”构成时间状语从句。故填when/if。44．句意：至于一些狗，他们只有短尾巴。根据“… just have short tails.”可知，空格处指“some dogs”，属于第三人称复数，用“they”。故填they。45．句意：有趣的是，尾巴短的狗比尾巴长的狗遇到危险狗的风险更大。根据“than”和“longer tails.”可推断，空格处表达“尾巴更短”的狗，用“shorter”。故填shorter。46．句意：然而，有些狗没有尾巴。根据上文“As for some dogs, they just have short tails.”和“some dogs don't have any tails”可知，上下文构成转折关系，并且空格后有逗号，用“However”。故填However。47．句意：……例如，有些狗没有尾巴看起来更漂亮。根据“some dogs don't have any tails.”可知，本段主要介绍没有尾巴的狗，由此推断空格处表达“没有”，分析“some kinds of dogs look more beautiful … tails.”可知，空格处填介词，用“without”。故填without。48．句意：……当我们孤独的时候，花时间和朋友在一起。分析“when we … lonely.”可知，空格处缺系动词，该句是一般现在时，结合句意可知，空格处表达“感到”，可填系动词“are/feel/get”。故填are/feel/get。 短文填空06答案49．better50．smiles51．slowly52．change53．asleep54．worried55．quiet56．snowing57．hands58．face短文大意这篇短文精彩的刻画了在贝丝病情出现变化时不同的人的行为及思想变化。解析49．句意：比阳光更好的东西照亮了安静的房间。根据“than”可知此处应填比较级；再根据上文“a breath of fresh air seemed to blow through the house”及首字母提示可知，此处指“比阳光更好的东西照亮了安静的房间”。better更好的，较好的；比较级。故填better。50．句意：姑娘们见面时，苍白的脸上绽出笑容。根据下文“they hugged each other and whispered...”及首字母提示可知，“姑娘们的脸上绽放了笑容”。break into sth.突然开始（笑、唱等）。smile微笑，笑容；可数名词。故填smiles。51．句意：时间过得很慢。此处缺少副词修饰passed。根据上文“The snow continued to fall all day.”及首字母提示可知，雪持续了一整天，所以时间会感觉过得慢。slowly缓慢地，副词。故填slowly。52．句意：医生来了，告诉他们贝丝的情况会有变化的希望，不管好转还是恶化，时间大约是半夜。根据不定冠词“a”可知，此处应填可数名词单数； 再根据“for better or worse”可知，此处指“有变化的希望”。change改变，变化；可数名词。故填change。53．句意：汉娜躺在沙发上很快就睡着了。根据上文“Hanna lay down on the sofa”及首字母提示可知，“她很快睡着了”。fall asleep入睡，动词短语。故填asleep。54．句意：劳伦斯先生在客厅里走来走去，一副忧心忡忡的样子。根据上文“Mr Laurence walked up and down the parlor”及首字母提示可知，因为贝丝的情况会有变化，可能变好也可能恶化，劳伦斯先生在客厅走来走去，表情看上去是担忧的。worried担心的；形容词。look是系动词，后接形容词。故填worried。55．句意：房子里很安静，但外面的风在树林里呼啸地吹着。根据下文“but outside the wind was whistling in the trees.”可知，此处指房子里非常的安静，与外面的风声相对应。quiet安静的，形容词。故填quiet。56．句意：午夜刚过，劳里去车站接马奇太太，这时雪下得很大。根据上文“The snow continued to fall all day. ”及首字母提示可知，一天都在下雪，则此处指雪下得很大。“was/were + doing”构成过去进行时。snow下雪，动词。故填snowing。57．句意：梅格坐在地板上，双手捂着脸。根据文章描述梅格的姿势及首字母提示可知，“梅格坐在地板上，双手捂着脸”。hand手，可数名词。故填hands。58．句意：贝思的脸色很苍白，但很平静。根据后文“There was no sign for suffering on it any more.”及首字母提示可知，此处指她的脸苍白但平静。face脸，脸部；可数名词。故填face。