训练05 选择性必修三Unit 5 Learning from nature-2022年高考英语一轮复习小题多维练（外研版2019）

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外研版2019选择性必修三
狂刷05 Unit 5 Learning from nature

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．[2019·江苏卷]Chris and Tim offered us the answer: human beings took ________ for granted that their brains held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better guide.
2．Singaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with ________ small, polite bow.
3．[2017·浙江卷]Just at that time, the wolf might feel the threats from the people, starting ________ (withdraw)．
4．[2020·全国卷Ⅰ卷]In another, ________ (employ)were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
5．[2018·北京卷]More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many ________ (seek) employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions.
6．Although the traditional Chinese dress may look more beautiful and stylish, it is a little bit strange to walk around in it. We feel ________ ease in our school uniforms every day.
7．[2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ]Always make your presentation just a bit ________ (short) than anticipated.
8．[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, ________ most likely contributing to fewer injuries.
9．[2020·浙江7月卷] I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them ________ something new and useful.

Ⅱ.完成句子
1．[2018·浙江卷]第二，重视小区的整体外观。
Second, ________________ the overall appearance of the neighborhood ________________.
2．当然，解决办法是种树，这样动物就可以在白天寻找庇护。
The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could ______________________ during the daytime.
3．就这样，我每天花8到10个小时在医院陪着乔，尽我所能减轻他的不适。
With that, I spent eight to ten hours a day with Joe in the hospital, doing anything and everything I could ______________________________.
4．[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]我们都尊敬她，因为她总是尝试新的方法使她的课生动有趣。
We all respect her because she always tries new ways to ____________________________.
5.虽然父母可能担心孩子的安全，但青少年通常对此感到兴奋。

6.他是如此聪明的一个男孩，以至于我们都很喜欢他。

7.其优势在于微笑不仅仅让我们高兴，还能愉悦别人。

8.面对挑战时，他会向父母求助。

9.我们美丽的学校坐落在城市的东部，学校里有许多花草树木。




Ⅲ.语篇语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nature has inspired many fascinating designs 1.________ architecture. Singapore's Art Science Museum，2.________ (shape) to resemble a lotus flower，was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment. Visitors are often amazed to find 3.________ (they) in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms. Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce 4.________ (inspire) to create Harare's Eastgate Centre while 5.________ (watch) termites constructing their nests. The design reduces the need for 6.________ (tradition) air conditioning and heating systems，so the building uses less energy and costs less to run. The 7.________ (world) first algae­powered building is in Hamburg，Germany. Its surface is covered in panels 8.________ contain algae. The building therefore not only uses less energy，9.________ also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy. Creating such 10.________ (building) enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.


Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
A
These museums are solely devoted to a particular piece of food culture.
SPAM Museum
With a brand new location，the SPAM Museum celebrates a food that people either love or despise.While visitors might not actually be able to find out what's inside a can of SPAM，the museum has a lot of memorabilia(纪念品)on display，many of them related to its role in World War Ⅱ.
Admission：Free
Hours：
November－March
Monday：Closed
Tuesday－Saturday：10 am－5 pm
Sunday：Noon－5 pm
April－October：
Monday－Saturday：10 am－6 pm
Sunday：Noon－5 pm
CLOSED：New Year's Day，Easter，Thanksgiving，Christmas Eve and Christmas Day
Chocolate Museum，Cologne
The museum offers guided tours，a café and a store where over 100，000 chocolate products are for sale.A German travel expert says，“The exhibition texts are in English and German.For kids，there are plenty of interactive activities，but the highlight of the museum is a 10­foot high chocolate fountain(喷泉).”
Admission：
Adults：9.00
Groups of 15 persons or more：8.50
Family ticket：25.00
Hours：
Tuesday to Friday：10 am－6 pm
Saturday/Sunday/bank holidays：11 am－7 pm
In December the museum will be open every Monday.
Frietmuseum，Bruges
The Frietmuseum explains the history of the potato and fries，starting on the ground floor with an exhibition about Peru，where potatoes originated more than 10，000 years ago.Then on the first floor，visitors can learn about the history of fries，and how they came to Belgium and became the most beloved national food.There are also medieval(中世纪的)potato cellars(地窖)where visitors get to have a taste.
Admission：
Adults：7.00
Groups (from 15 people，reservation required)：6.00
Students，65＋：6.00
Children aged from 6 to 11：5.00
Hours：
Daily from 10 am to 5 pm(last tickets at 4：15 pm)
Closing dates：
Closed on 24th，25th and 31st December，1st January.
We are also closed from 9th till 13th January.
1．If you visit the SPAM Museum during the winter holiday，you have to visit it at________．
A．11 am on Monday　　 B．11 am on Sunday
C．11 am on Thursday D．6 pm on Saturday
2．What is probably the most popular thing for children in the Chocolate Museum in Cologne?
A．A chocolate store. B．Interactive activities.
C．A chocolate café. D．A chocolate fountain.
3．What is not exhibited in the Frietmuseum in Bruges?
A．The history of potatoes in Peru.
B．The history of potatoes in Belgium.
C．The history of fries in Belgium.
D．The city's medieval potato cellars.

B
On November 7th，Lewis Pugh completed a one­kilometre swim in the freezing waters of King Edward Cove，off South Georgia in Antarctica.He was wearing only his swimming glasses，cap and speedos!
Pugh is an advocate for our oceans and seas，working to protect these ecosystem with their large diversity of marine(海洋的)life.When asked why he doesn't wear a wetsuit，Lewis says，“I ask world leaders to do everything they can to protect our oceans.Sometimes the steps they need to take are difficult and unpopular.If I'm asking them to be courageous，I must also be.Swimming in a wetsuit would not send the right message.”
It took Pugh about 19 minutes to complete the one­kilometre swim in Antarctica where the water averaged about 1.6 degrees Celsius(摄氏度).He says that his body can only tolerate about 20 minutes in the freezing waters before it starts shutting down.As he swims，his body temperature steadily drops，which in turn causes his muscle(肌肉)control to drop，slowing him down.When he is done with his swim，his support team rushes him to a hot shower and it takes almost an hour for his body temperature to return to normal.
Doctors and Pugh caution that one must receive months of training to swim in such cold waters.Even expert swimmers who are unused to freezing water can drown within minutes because of the physical shock experienced by the body.Pugh says he trained for six months before this swim.
This is not the first time that Lewis has swum in dangerous conditions.In 2007，he swam one kilometre in the North Pole to draw attention to the melting Arctic ice due to climate change.In 2015，he swam in the Bay of Whales in Antarctica's Ross Sea as part of his successful campaign to help set up a marine reserve there.
4．Why did Lewis Pugh swim without a wetsuit?
A．To swim faster.
B．To show his bravery.
C．To build up his body.
D．To win public attention.
5．What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．His body.
B．The water.
C．His body temperature.
D．The water temperature.
6．What's Pugh's advice about swimming in freezing waters?
A.One must be fully prepared.
B．One should be expert at swimming.
C．One should be ready to take on challenges.
D．One must be used to long­distance swimming.
7．What may be the best title for the text?
A．Lewis Pugh：Swimming for a Cause
B．How to Survive a Swim in Cold Waters
C．How to Prepare for Extreme Swimming
D．Lewis Pugh：Achieving the Impossible

C
Imagine a mass of floating waste is two times the size of the state of Texas.Texas has a land area of more than 678，000 square kilometres.So it might be difficult to imagine anything twice as big.
All together，this mass of waste flowing in the North Pacific Ocean is known as the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch.It weighs about 3，500，000 tons.The waste includes bags，bottles and containers—plastic products of all kinds.
The eastern part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch is about 1，600 kilometres west of California.The western part is west of the Hawaiian Islands and east of Japan.The area has been described as a kind of oceanic desert，with light winds and slow moving water currents.The water moves so slowly that garbage from all over the world collects there.
In recent years，there have been growing concerns about the floating garbage and its effect on sea creatures and human health.Scientists say thousands of animals get trapped in the floating waste，resulting in death or injury.Even more die from a lack of food or water after swallowing pieces of plastic.The trash can also make animals feel full，diminishing their desire to eat or drink.
The floating garbage also can have harmful effects on people.There is an increased threat of infection of disease from polluted waste，and from eating fish that swallowed waste.Divers can also get trapped in the plastic.
Its existence first gained public attention in 1997.That was when racing boat captain and oceanographer Charles Moore and his crew sailed into the garbage while returning from a racing event.Five years earlier，another oceanographer learnt of the trash after a shipment of rubber ducks got lost at sea.Many of those toys are now part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch.
8．The first paragraph is written to________．
A．lead in the topic of the text
B．inspire readers' imagination
C．develop readers' interest in Texas
D．talk about reasons for water pollution
9．What does the underlined word“diminishing”in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Increasing. B．Determining.
C．Weakening. D．Reserving.
10．What can we infer about the floating garbage according to the text?
A．It gives rise to various diseases.
B．It does great harm to sea animals.
C．Causes of it still remain unknown.
D．Efforts to clear it have been made.
11．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To warn people about dangers of diving in the ocean.
B．To explore the future of the North Pacific Ocean.
C．To call on people to protect ocean environment.
D．To display some facts about floating waste.

D
We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new，but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置)well after they go out of style.That's bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
To figure out how much power these devices are using，Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s.Devices were grouped by generation.Desktop computers，basic mobile phones，and box­set TVs defined 1992.Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.And MP3 players，smart phones，and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002，before tablets and e­readers showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices，however，we didn't throw out our old ones.“The living­room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room，and suddenly one day，you have a TV in every room of the house，”said one researcher.The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.We're not just keeping these old devices－we continue to use them.According to the analysis of Babbitt's team，old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放)more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
So what's the solution(解决方案)？The team's data only went up to 2007，but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function，such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing.They found that more on­demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
12．What does the author think of new devices?
A．They are environment­friendly.
B．They are no better than the old.
C．They cost more to use at home.
D．They go out of style quickly.
13．Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?
A．To reduce the cost of minerals.
B．To test the life cycle of a product.
C．To update consumers on new technology.
D．To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
14．Which of the following uses the least energy?
A．The box­set TV.
B．The tablet.
C．The LCD TV.
D．The desktop computer.
15．What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?
A．Stop using them. B．Take them apart.
C．Upgrade them. D．Recycle them.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
For nearly 50 years，Zhao Yuming has been absorbed in his own world of clay figurines(泥塑).At the age of 62，Zhao is the only remaining clay sculpture master craftsman in Laoting County，Hebei Province.He has been officially recognised as a master of intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产).__16__This is more of a responsibility and a source of pressure.
__17__In ancient times，Laoting clay figurines were mainly children's toys made by countryside artists.After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949，there were several workshops in villages in Laoting County and the production reached a high level，but the prices were too low.__18__However，for a long period，many clay artists relied on making and selling clay figurines at those poor prices to make ends meet.
Nowadays，shopping malls are full of high­end toys，so the Laoting clay figurines have gradually fallen out of favor.__19__Zhao said that although his children have other jobs to feed their families，he still wants to pass on his skills to them and his grandchildren.“If we do not pass it on，we will do a disservice to our country.Passing on the skills，honouring ourselves and repaying the country is the best option.”
Facing a demand for economic development，many regions are increasingly attaching importance to the protection of valuable traditional cultural skills.People come to realise that developing our cultural relics promotes the development of local economies.__20__
A．But for him，this is not only an honour.
B．Later，it became known as “literary clay figurines”．
C．Clay figurines were sold for just a few pennies each.
D．Laoting clay sculpture has a nearly 500­year history.
E．Laoting clay sculpture is an important part of Zhao's life.
F．However，some craftsmen have chosen to continue the tradition.
G．More importantly，it contributes to the goal of building “a beautiful China”．



Ⅲ.完形填空 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
When I was a little girl，there was the magic of Mercurochrome(红药水).It was good for cuts，scratches(抓痕)，or other__21__．My brother and I tested and__22__the power of Mercurochrome many years ago.
It was summer and hot.Mama was not feeling well and had become extremely tired.She told us that she was going to__23__on her bed.Only a few minutes had passed when Ronnie__24__a scratch on his knee that needed immediate attention.We tiptoed(踮脚走)into Mama's room and asked her if we could put Mercurochrome on Ronnie's scratch.__25__on her back，Mama had fallen into a deep sleep and made no answer.
We stole into the bathroom，took the Mercurochrome and__26__Ronnie's knee.Undoubtedly，he immediately began to feel better.__27__，we tiptoed into Mama's room to show her that we had taken care of our scratches without__28__her.But she was in sound sleep.Then we whispered that__29__Mama didn't feel well，perhaps Mercurochrome would make her feel better.
Twenty minutes later，we painted every scratch and every freckle(雀斑)of Mama's skin.She had Mercurochrome__30__her legs，arms and face.At Ronnie's encouraging，we__31__tried to paint her fingernails and toenails.
When Mama screamed in__32__，we knew that she was awake.With all the screaming，it didn't seem at first that she was feeling better，__33__she burst into laughter as she stared at her image in the mirror.
We laughed a lot the next few days.If anyone had asked us，we would have__34__that Mama had been cured by the__35__of Mercurochrome.
21．A.matters B．worries
C．troubles D．wounds
22．A.marked B．proved
C．collected D．ignored
23．A.lie down B．settle down
C．go down D．look down
24．A.doubted B．learnt
C．noticed D．recognized
25．A.Round B．Tight
C．Wide D．Flat
26．A.painted B．designed
C．completed D．decorated
27．A.Politely B．Proudly
C．Carelessly D．Properly
28．A.pleasing B．bothering
C．exciting D．worrying
29．A.before B．unless
C．until D．since
30．A.in B．on
C．over D．under
31．A.always B．ever
C．even D．only
32．A.disappointment B．shame
C．horror D．excitement
33．A.so B．although
C．because D．but
34．A.pretended B．expected
C．insisted D．accepted
35．A.story B．reality
C．secret D．magic


Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
[2021·海东模拟]Modeste Traore has lived his whole life near Lake Wegnia, in the Sahel area of Mali. The lake's fish have provided him with a way to earn money to support his extended family. However, because he can't catch enough fish to feed his family, he now raises farm animals. But as temperatures rise, evaporation increases, making the body of water shrinks. Studies have linked rising temperatures on Earth's surface to climate change.
The lake is shrinking, so are the chances of his children becoming fishermen. “If things go on like this, I don't think our children can become fishermen like us. They will have to choose other jobs，” the 56­year­old Traore said. “During the rainy season, there is a lot of water but as soon as it's over, there is no water left in the lake. We are fishermen. I don't think our children will be，” he said.
Lake Wegnia is in the Sahel region of Koulikoro, around 120 kilometers north of Mali's capital, Bamako. Some 12,000 people, including fishermen and farmers, depend on it for food, water and employment. But the lake has shrunk by 20 percent since 2017.
The UN expects temperatures there to increase 1.5 times higher than the average increase worldwide. UN officials note that the flooding and a severe lack of rainfall can cause problems in the Sahel: Food insecurity, the fight over farmland and the fast population growth can lead to conflict.
Aid group is leading the Eco­Lac Wegnia project. The group is working to improve water management and fight the effects of global warming. Moussa Savagodo is Eco­Lac Wegnia's local representative. He says that failing to make changes quickly can mean the lake will disappear completely in less than 5 years.
People in the rural areas Wegnia and Kononi­Sirakoro have planted 56,000 trees in the past two years. And they are better controlling their water by building stone barriers to help the soil keep the rain that does fall. The progress and international official support are not enough for them, however. More and more people are turning to other agriculture.
1．How did Traore work to support his family in the past?
A．By fishing.
B．By raising farm animals.
C．By taking charge of the lake.
D．By working as an environmentalist.
2．What effect will the current trend of the lake have according to Traore?
A．A lot of farmland will form.
B．The rainy season will end early.
C．Many fishermen will flee their homes.
D．The later generation will change their careers.
3．Which statement do the UN and Aid group agree with?
A．Drought and flood will directly cause conflict.
B．Reducing population is a way to protect the lake.
C．Water management makes no difference to the lake.
D．The rise in temperature will cause water resource problems.
4．What does the underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．The local officials.
B．The Aid group members.
C．The villagers.
D．The representatives.

B
[2021·日照模拟]In the middle of the 19th century，a fever dream of riches beyond measure drew countless explorers west to the mountains of central California.Although the gold rush ended up being a bust_for many who sought a fortune，some of those explorers discovered a natural treasure that would draw permanent settlers to Yosemite Valley in the following decade.
Vast wilderness，beautiful mountains，countless waterfalls，and abundant wildlife drew Native Americans to Yosemite roughly 10,000 years ago.The first non­native tourists arrived in the mid­1850s after reports from gold seekers told of an area of breathtaking beauty that no words were able to describe.
Fortunately，some of Yosemite's earliest settlers recognized that Yosemite's natural beauty and resources needed to be preserved for future generations.In the midst of the Civil War，President Abraham Lincoln signed a grant to protect Yosemite permanently，thus making it the nation's first land to be dedicated to recreation and setting the stage for what would become the national park system.
One of Yosemite's earliest ambassadors was Scottish­American naturalist and writer John Muir.After living in Yosemite for a few years，he helped define its proposed boundaries. He also wrote articles that helped lead to its official title as a National Park in 1890. He later co­founded the Sierra Club in 1892 to advocate for its continued preservation and protection.
Located on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in central California，Yosemite National Park runs across nearly 748,000 acres，almost 95%of which is wilderness.Around four million visitors come to Yosemite each year to camp，hike its miles of trails，climb its rock formations，and photograph its impressive sights.Are you ready to visit Yosemite National Park? Which of Yosemite's sights would you most like to experience?
5．Which of the following best explains“bust”underlined in Paragraph 1?
A．Memory. B．Symbo1.
C．Failure. D．Challenge.
6．When did the first non­native tourists come to Yosemite?
A．After it was discovered by gold seekers.
B．When the gold rush finally came to a stop.
C．Before native Americans found its beauty.
D．When it became a National Park in 1890.
7．What do we learn about John Muir?
A．He was the first to build the national park.
B．He helped set the boundaries of Yosemite.
C．He wrote to collect money for Yosemite.
D．He gave Yosemite an official name.
8．What do we know about Yosemite National Park?
A．It has been well preserved since the Civil War.
B．It was originally created to protect wild animals.
C．It used to be well­known for its man­made beauty.
D．It was once damaged by some of its earliest settlers.

Ⅱ.七选五
[2021·开封模拟]Quite simply, school trips are the journeys which take place outside a student's normal environment. __1__ Educational trips are normally done in a museum or a historic place. They could provide a better understanding as the students would be able to make a connection between a place, time, or even people in history and something they've seen on a field trip.
A trip to the zoo could provide a better understanding of animals. Biology is even better when there are proper animals to be named. __2__ Teachers and headmasters are advised to give the students prizes and rewards for different accomplishments done on a field trip.
Planetariums(天文馆) could help students remember constellations (星座) better. __3__ Planetariums could help them see that the earth is just a small planet in the universe and that there is no reason not to explore. If you are a teacher and you 're lucky, you may have taken the next greatest astronaut to the planetarium on a school trip.
__4__ Also they could help them see that there are so many living things that depend on them and how they can take care of nature. Children are very easily inspired. __5__ Therefore, it is necessary for teachers to often take their students to field trips, where they can have fun learning.
A．Make sure that these trips are interesting.
B．The importance of school trips can't be ignored.
C．A school trip is done mostly for educational purposes.
D．So it's best to instill in them good characters and education.
E．Games like naming animals could provide hours of fun and education.
F．School trips to farms could help students understand the value of nature.
G．They could also help students imagine how far the sun is from the earth.
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
I made my first parachute jump(跳伞)because I had read an article about it and I had always wanted to try it.
Before the jump I went to six training classes.I was taught where to sit in the airplane，how to jump out，how to guide the parachute 36.________(careful)，and how to land on the ground safely.
However，37.________the big day I was very nervous.The weather was cloudy，but the pilot 38.________(think)it was all right，so the instructor and I got into the airplane with the pilot.The plane took off and climbed to 1，000 metres.How 39.________ (frighten)I was while waiting for the big moment！Then the instructor told 40.________(I)to jump.I looked out of the open door and saw the ground below.It was the most terrifying moment of my life！I closed my 41.________(eye)and jumped.It was 42.________great relief when the parachute opened！Below me was the landing area.43.________ (fall)peacefully through the air made me feel really wonderful.A few minutes later，I landed safely.Parachuting is 44.________ (much)exciting than anything else 45.________I have done before，and it's more fun，too.
Ⅳ.单元语法——单句写作
21．我认为乘出租车去会议中心是最好的办法。

22．不必在这个小数目上讨价还价。

23．我们同意在这里见面，但到目前为止他还没出现。

24．那男孩一看到交通事故就害怕。

25．新技术的目的是使生活更容易，而不是使生活更困难。


Ⅴ.应用文写作(满分15分)
假如你是李华，是你校英文报的一名记者，你打算为校报写一篇英语报道，介绍“爱心回收活动”。要点如下：
1．基本信息：
(1)送达和收集时间：每周四下午5点至6点；
(2)收集种类：废纸、塑料瓶、旧书等；
(3)地点：学校门口；
(4)参与人员：所有老师和学生。
2．资金用途：卖废品所获资金将上交学校爱心基金，帮助贫困学生。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：爱心回收活动the Love Recycling Activity
爱心基金the Love Fund
Now I'd like to tell you something about the Love Recycling Activity.The activity is being conducted in our school.____________________________________
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As far as I am concerned，this activity will surely raise students' environmental awareness and students will understand how much one's loving heart means.