第04讲-阅读理解之主旨大意题-2022年高考英语二轮复习大提升增分策略(全国通用)

这是一份第04讲-阅读理解之主旨大意题-2022年高考英语二轮复习大提升增分策略(全国通用)，共13页。
词义猜测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。阅读文章时,常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词,但这类生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来,这是阅读理解中经常检测的一种能力。此类题型要求学生根据阅读材料提供的信息,结合学习中积累的常识和经验对生词的含义、熟词生义和短语、句子的含义加以猜测,以及对代词的指代对象准确定位。命题人要求猜测词义的词一般是实词及其词组。
主旨大意题考查考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象,既考查细节理解能力,又考查深层次的推理、概括能力,难度较大。
在所给选项中选出适合文章的标题时,要知道一个好的标题应具备三大特点:
1.概括--准确而又简短;
2.针对性--标题外延正好与文章内容相符;
3.题目--能引发读者的阅读欲望。
寻找主题句无疑是解答该类试题的关键所在。主题句在文章中的位置主要有四种情况:
(1)主题句在段首
一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头,其后是论证性细节。在说明文、论述文或新闻报道中多采用这种形式,作者在首段常常亮出观点、表明立场。大多数文章的主题句就是文章的首句,所以要认真阅读文章首句。
(2)主题句在段末
有的主题句放在文章的末尾,先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,将主题引向高潮,起到总结作用,从而形成强有力的结论,这就要求考生耐心地读完全文。
(3)主题句在文中或隐含
还有的主题句在段中间或隐含在文中,成为段落语义的核心,让读者很难发现,这种情况难度较大,考生要通观全文,分清主旨细节,进行归纳推理。最后概括出来的中心意思一定要涵盖全文或整个段落,切忌以偏概全或离题太远、太笼统。解答此类题时考生需要把握作者的观点、态度、语气等,分析文章的篇章结构,抓住文章开头的主题句或文章最后的结论,捕捉与题目有关的信息,从而找出能概括文章主旨的题目和中心思想。
2.各种文体主旨题解法
(1)议论文或说明文
议论文或说明文的主题句一般在文首,但有的在文尾,也有的首尾呼应。
(2)新闻报道
新闻报道的主题句就是导语,即文章的首句或首段。正文采取倒金字塔形式--最重要事实,次要事实,最次要事实。
(3)科研报告或调查报告
反映科学实验或调研结果的报道或科普类说明文，其内容主要包括“科研实验结果或调查结果+实验研究过程或调查的具体情况”两大部分,文章主旨就是科研或调查结果，因此主题句通常在首段,且常伴有 accrding t a study, a study shwed/prved, this is suggested by the results f new research n, scientists recently reprted, a study claimed 等。
(4)记叙文
纯记叙文通常没有主题句,需要读者自己领悟,从中归纳提炼;但有的在文尾作者会发表感慨、感悟或就此发表议论,主旨也就在此;还有的先发表某种议论或感慨再讲一个故事或经历,主旨就在文首。
【增分策略】
一 段落主旨类
1.分析段落结构。如果段落是“总一分”结构，那么主题句一般在段首;如果是“分一总”结构,那么主题句一般在段尾;如果是“分一总一分”结构,那么主题句一般在段中:如果是对比各个事物,那么相同点或者不同点就是该段主旨。
2.对于没有主题句的段落,要根据全段以及全文中心思想,进行合理地概括。
【例】(2021·新高考全国卷I)Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives(视角)frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. Emtinal intelligence,with its fcus n bth head and heart, may serve t pint us in the right directin.
35. What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut cncerning emtinal intelligence?
A. Its appeal t the public.
B. Expectatins fr future studies.
C. Its practical applicatin.
D.Scientists with new perspectives.
答案B
解析 段落大意题。
根据最后一段中的Althugh the emtinal intelligence is desirable,we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in thescientific and schlarly study f emtin. 可知,虽然情商的持续流行吸引力是可取的，但我们希望这种关注能引起人们对情感的科学和学术研究的更大的兴趣。又根据下文的Itis ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives(视角)frm which t study hw peple manage their lives.可知，我们希望在未来的数十年后,科学的进步提供新的视角来研究人们如何管理他们的生活。由此可知，这些是对未来研究的期望。故选B项。
二、文章主旨类
解答文章大意题,要学会找主题句。不同语篇类型的文章,其主题句出现的位置不同。
议论文主题句一般在首段或者末段;说明文的主题句一般在首段;新闻报道的主题句经常是首段的首句;记叙文通常没有主题句,需要根据文中叙述的内容和线索来概括文章大意。
1.转折词语后面的部分有可能是主题句。
2.段首出现疑问句时,回答部分可能是主题句。
3.作者有意识重复强调的观点往往是主旨,反复出现的词语往往是体现主旨的关键词。
4.表示总结或者结论的句子常包含therefre,thus,in shrt,cnclude,n the whle,in spite f.n the cntrary, hwever 等。
三、最佳标题类
选标题的四大准则:
精--概括中心思想的语言要精练:
准--注意文章的内涵和外延,作者的观点表达得要准确;
统--能统领全文;
新--新颖才能吸引读者。
(2021·全国卷乙卷B)These days yu’d be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn’t wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
24. What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut mbile phnes?
A. Their target users. B. Their wide ppularity.
C. Their majr functins. D. Their cmplex design.
第一步 首尾兼顾定段意 根据文中的“These days yu'd be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn't wn a mbile phne.”以及“Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime,”可知,移动电话在澳大利亚几乎随处可见，即本段主要谈及移动电话在澳大利亚的普及程度。
第二步 析选项斟酌判断
A 文中提到了年轻人，但并不是用于介绍移动电话的目标用户 ---以偏概全,曲解文意
B本段主旨就是举例说明手机在澳大利亚非常普遍，该项是对本段内容的精炼总结和概括 ---涵盖性强，覆盖全段
C 原文未提及相关内容 无中生有，生搬硬套
D 原文未提及相关内容 无中生有，生搬硬套
第三步 对比选项得出答案 B
【刷名校真题】
语法填空练习
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
Fr smething that weighs nly abut three punds, the human brain has a lt f respnsibility. Deep within all thse gray flds and creases are the cntrls fr everything yu d.
Mre than a century ag, scientists first mapped the brain as they wrked t develp an understanding f each particular regin. Early n, the maps were simple: Which part f the brain cntrlled speech? Which cntrlled hearing? Having a detailed, accurate guide ensures that studies are using the same pints f reference and makes fr mre efficient, accurate investigatins.
Nw, hwever, things are much mre intricate. Researchers have just released an incredible new map f the brain, revealing nearly 100 new areas that were previusly undiscvered r frgtten. Many experts are calling this a milestne in neurscience accrding t the New Yrk Times. The new map has been published in the jurnal Nature.
The new map draws n data cllected by the Human Cnnectme Prject, which studied 1,200 peple using high-pwered MRI scanners t understand hw brain circuitry wrks. Fr the study, the participants’ brains were recrded while they laid in the scanner, while they did varius math prblems and memry tests, and while they listened t stries. Researchers drew bundaries based n where these and previus tests seemed t match. They als lked at anatmical differences, measuring, fr example, the amunt f myelin— a fatty substance that surrunds sme neurns— in different areas f the brain.
“We have 112 different types f infrmatin we can tap int,” study c-authr David Van Essen f Washingtn University Medical Schl tld the New Yrk Times.
With all thse variables in hand, researchers eventually created a map that included 83 already familiar areas f the brain, plus an additinal 97 regins that were either previusly undiscvered, r smehw frgtten and lst in scientific literature alng the way. Sme previusly knwn regins are hw brken dwn int sub-regins with separate respnsibilities. Fr example, the drslateral prefrntal crtex is a large area tward the frnt f the brain that’s active during thught. The new map shws that it’s made up f many smaller areas that can be key fr different kinds f thught, ranging frm making decisins t lying.
While experts are lauding the new map, it’s far frm cmplete, say the researchers wh created it.
“We’re thinking f this as versin 1.0”, says lead authr Matthew Glasser, a neurscientist at Washingtn University Schl f Medicine.” That desn’t mean it’s the final versin, but it’s a far better map than the nes we’ve had befre.”
1．In the third paragraph, what des the wrd “intricate” mean?
A．amazingB．trickyC．cmplicatedD．difficult
2．What’s the researchers’ attitude t new map f the brain?
A．They think it is still incmplete.B．They think it is the best versin.
C．They dn’t like the new map f the brain.D．They think it is a milestne in neurscience.
3．Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．The new map included 97 unfamiliar areas f the brain.
B．The new map used previus data t study the brain circuitry.
C．Participants1 brains were mnitred when they were telling stries.
D．The drslateral prefrntal crtex is a small ares which is crucial fr thinking.
4．What is the main idea f the passage?
A．The respnsibility f the brain circuitry.
B．Mixed pinins n the new map f the brain.
C．A study n an incredible new map f the brain.
D．The understanding f the familiar areas f the brain.
【来源】江西省景德镇市第一中学2021-2022学年高一上学期期末英语试题（特色班）
【答案】1．C
2．A
3．A
4．C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。研究人员刚刚发布了一幅令人难以置信的大脑新地图，揭示了近100个以前未被发现或被遗忘的新区域。文章介绍了研究开展的过程、发现以及人们对此的看法。
1．
词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Researchers have just released an incredible new map f the brain, revealing nearly 100 new areas that were previusly undiscvered r frgtten. Many experts are calling this a milestne in neurscience accrding t the New Yrk Times.”可知，研究人员刚刚发布了一幅令人难以置信的大脑新地图，揭示了近100个以前未被发现或被遗忘的新区域。 据《纽约时报》报道，许多专家称这是神经科学的一个里程碑，且hwever表示转折，说明现在的情况比以前要复杂得多了。故intricate意思是“复杂的”。A. amazing令人惊异的；B. tricky狡猾的；C. cmplicated复杂的；D. difficult困难的。故选C。
2．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“While experts are lauding the new map, it’s far frm cmplete, say the researchers wh created it.(尽管专家们对这幅新地图赞不绝口，但绘制它的研究人员表示，它还远远不够完整)”可知，研究人员认为新的大脑图谱仍然不完整。故选A。
3．
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“With all thse variables in hand, researchers eventually created a map that included 83 already familiar areas f the brain, plus an additinal 97 regins that were either previusly undiscvered, r smehw frgtten and lst in scientific literature alng the way.(在掌握了所有这些变量后，研究人员最终绘制出了一张地图，其中包括83个已经熟悉的大脑区域，以及另外97个以前没有被发现或在科学文献中被遗忘或丢失的区域)”可知，A选项“新地图包括了97个不熟悉的大脑区域”正确。故选A。
4．
主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Researchers have just released an incredible new map f the brain, revealing nearly 100 new areas that were previusly undiscvered r frgtten. Many experts are calling this a milestne in neurscience accrding t the New Yrk Times.(研究人员刚刚发布了一幅令人难以置信的大脑新地图，揭示了近100个以前未被发现或被遗忘的新区域。据《纽约时报》报道，许多专家称这是神经科学的一个里程碑)”结合文章介绍了研究开展的过程、发现以及人们对此的看法。可知，这篇文章的主旨是对一幅令人难以置信的大脑新地图的研究。故选C。
The rapid grwth in skyscrapers wrldwide has led t a high demand fr windw washers since mst f these buildings feature large glass panes (窗格) t highlight their breathtaking views.
Thugh the jb ffers a handsme salary, dangling alngside multi-stry structures is dangerus, and accidents are nt uncmmn. Hwever, if Israel-based cmpany Skyline Technlgies has its way, the dangerus chre may sn be taken care f by Ozm, an intelligent windw cleaning rbt.
"As a sciety, we've becme t cmfrtable watching peple hanging ff the sides f 30-stry buildings," says Yarn Schwarez, c-funder and CEO f Skyline Rbtics. "N salary culd justify allwing peple t put their lives in the hands f a system f rpes."
Much like humans, Ozm is placed n platfrms suspended frm the buildings and uses its arms and brushes t clean the dirt n the glass panes. A 3D map f the building's surface prgrammed int its system allws the rbt t skillfully handle bstacles as it mves up and dwn the structure. Cmputer visin and tuch sensrs enable it t mve ut f the way in case f unexpected events, such as the sudden pening f a windw.
Unlike current windw washers, the rbt cleaner des nt require sap t clean the glass. Instead, it uses distilled water (蒸馏水) and a prcess called dirt absrptin t d the jb. Schwarez explains, "We use pure water t absrb and remve the salts, the minerals, the ils, and the dirt frm the building. We are envirnmentally-friendly."
Ozm is als expected t be much mre efficient than humans. While it currently takes three cleaners 480 hurs each t clean the windws f a 40-stry glass building, the rbt will single-handedly cmplete the task in just 80 hurs. Hwever, unlike ther rbts, Ozm will nt replace human wrkers. It will nly make their jbs safer by lifting them t the rle f supervisrs, wh will be remtely cntrlling the peratin frm belw.
Whether Ozm, which is still underging testing, des as gd a jb as human remains t be seen.
5．Which f the fllwing can best replace the phrase "has its way" in paragraph 2?
A．Succeeds.B．Hesitates.
C．Struggles.D．Exists.
6．What can we learn abut Ozm frm the passage?
A．It requires chemicals t clean.
B．It has truble crssing bstacles.
C．It perates with great efficiency.
D．It wrks withut human helpers.
7．What is the authr's attitude twards the future applicatin f Ozm?
A．Optimistic.
B．Dubtful
C．Uncnceded.
D．Objective.
8．What is the best tile fr the text?
A．Ozm: a Duble-edged Swrd.
B．Ozm: a Smart Windw Cleaner.
C．Windw Washing: a Dangerus Jb.
D．Windw Washing: a Blessing in Disguise.
【来源】四川省成都市第七中学2021届高三高考考前热身考试英语试题
【答案】5．A
6．C
7．D
8．B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍一种能清洁摩天大楼窗户玻璃的新型机器人Ozm的工作原理，优势。但是Ozm是否能像人类一样发挥良好的作用还有待观察。
5．
词义猜测题。根据下文the dangerus chre may sn be taken care f by Ozm, an intelligent windw cleaning rbt.可知清洗摩天大楼窗户这样的杂事可以由该公司的智能机器人来做，因此可知该公司的这项技术应该是成功的。故选A。
6．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Ozm is als expected t be much mre efficient than humans. Ozm也被认为比人类的效率更高。While it currently takes three cleaners 480 hurs each t clean the windws f a 40-stry glass building, the rbt will single-handedly cmplete the task in just 80 hurs.可知相对人工清理一栋40层楼的玻璃建筑，人工需要480小时，而该机器人仅需80小时。可知 Ozm 的工作效率很高。故选C。
7．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Ozm is als expected t be much mre efficient than humans.可知作者认为该机器人能大大提高效率，然而却不能完全取代人工清洁。 根据最后一段Whether Ozm, which is still underging testing, des as gd a jb as human remains t be seen.目前仍在测试中的Ozm是否能像人类一样发挥良好的作用还有待观察。由此判断出作者对Ozm未来的应用持客观的态度。故选D。
8．
主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句Hwever, if Israel-based cmpany Skyline Technlgies has its way, the dangerus chre may sn be taken care f by Ozm, an intelligent windw cleaning rbt，然而，如果以色列公司天际线技术(Skyline Technlgies)能够成功的话，这种危险的家务可能很快就会由智能窗户清洁机器人Ozm来处理。以及下文对于对于 Ozm的工作原理，优势的介绍。可知，短文的最佳标题为“Ozm：智能窗户清洗工”故选B。
【点睛】
把握文章的主旨大意主要有三种方法：
1.找准主题句，如本题的主题句在第二段的最后一句。
2.看文章篇幅主要在讲什么。
3.根据选项标题逆向推理文章可能会说些什么，如果和文章内容不匹配的不能选。
根据第二段最后一句Hwever, if Israel-based cmpany Skyline Technlgies has its way, the dangerus chre may sn be taken care f by Ozm, an intelligent windw cleaning rbt，然而，如果以色列公司天际线技术(Skyline Technlgies)能够成功的话，这种危险的家务可能很快就会由智能窗户清洁机器人Ozm来处理。以及下文对于对于 Ozm的工作原理，优势的介绍。可知，短文的最佳标题为“Ozm：智能窗户清洗工”故小题4选 B 。
Recently accrding t a new research, humans have had a link t starches (含淀粉的食物) fr up t 120,000 years — that’s mre than 100,000 years lnger than we’ve been able t plant them in the sil during the time f the ice Age’s drawing t an end. The research is part f an nging study int the histry f Middle Stne Age cmmunities.
An internatinal team f scientists identified evidence f prehistric starch cnsumptin in the Klasies River Cave, in present-day Suth Africa. Analyzing small, ashy, undisturbed hearths(壁炉) inside the cave, the researchers fund “pieces f burned starches” ranging frm arund 120,000 t 65,000 years ld. It made them the ldest knwn examples f starches eaten by humans.
The findings d nt cme as a cmplete surprise — but rather as welcme cnfirmatin f lder theries that lacked the related evidence. The lead authr Cynthia Larbey said that there had previusly nly been genetic bilgical evidence t suggest that humans had been eating starch fr this lng. This new evidence, hwever, takes us directly t the dinner table, and supprts the previus assumptin that humans’ digestin genes gradually evlved in rder t fit int an increased digestin f starch.
C-authr Sarah Wurz said, “The starch remains shw that these early humans living in the Klasies River Cave culd battle against their tugh envirnment and find suitable fds and perhaps medicines. And as much as we all still desire the tubers (块茎), these cave cmmunities were gilling starches such as ptates n their ft-lng hearths. They knew hw t balance their diets as well as they culd, with fats frm lcal fish and ther animals.”
As early as the 1990s, sme researchers started t study the hearths in the Klasies River Cave. Scientist Hilary Deacn first suggested that these hearths cntained burned plants. At the time, the prper methds f examining the remains were nt yet available. We nw knw human beings have always been searching fr their desired things.
9．When did humans begin t farm starches?
A．After the Ice Age.B．After the Middle Stne Age.
C．Abut 20,000 years ag.D．Abut 100,000 years ag.
10．What was the previus assumptin f starches?
A．Starch diet prmted fd culture.B．Starch diet shaped humans’ evlutin.
C．Starches had a variety f functins.D．Starches ffered humans rich nutritin.
11．What can we learn abut the early humans described by Sarah Wurz?
A．They were smart and tugh.B．They preferred plants t meat.
C．They were generally very healthy.D．They gt alng with each ther.
12．What’s the best title fr the text?
A．Great Civilizatin f Suth AfricaB．The Evlutin f Fds in Histry
C．Starches--the Imprtant Fd f TdayD．Big Findings--the Starches in Ancient Times
【来源】四川省成都艺术高级中学2020-2021学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题
【答案】9．C
10．B
11．A
12．D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。研究发现人类和含淀粉类食物的关系可追溯到120,000多年前。比我们种植淀粉类植物的历史还要早100,000 多年。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第1段Recently accrding t a new research, humans have had a link t starches (含淀粉的食物) fr up t 120,000 years — that’s mre than 100,000 years lnger than we’ve been able t plant them in the sil可知，人类种植含淀粉食物晚了100,000多年。故时间大约是在20,000 年前左右。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据第3段This new evidence, hwever, takes us directly t the dinner table, and supprts the previus assumptin that humans’ digestin genes gradually evlved in rder t fit int an increased digestin f starch可知，原先对淀粉的猜测是人类的消化基因是为了适应不断增加的淀粉消化而逐渐进化的。故选B项。
11．推理判断题。根据第4段The starch remains shw that these early humans living in the Klasies River Cave culd battle against their tugh envirnment and find suitable fds and perhaps medicines. And as much as we all still desire the tubers (块茎), these cave cmmunities were gilling starches such as ptates n their ft-lng hearths. They knew hw t balance their diets as well as they culd, with fats frm lcal fish and ther animals可知，早期人类可以与恶劣的环境作斗争，他们找到了适合他们的食物，并且知道了如何尽可能地平衡自己的饮食，食用当地鱼类和其他动物的脂肪。由此可知，他们很辛苦也很聪明。故选A项。
12．主旨大意题。文章第1段说，研究发现人类和含淀粉类的食物关系可追溯到120,000多年前。比我们种植淀粉类植物的历史还要早100,000 多年。后文还提到了，含淀粉类食物促进了人类的演化。综合分析可知，本篇讲述的是一个关于古代淀粉的发现。故选D项。
Vters in Clrad narrwly apprved an initiative (计划), setting the stage fr the return f gray wlves, which were wiped ut in this area by the 1940s. This is the first time that a state has reintrduced an animal like this.
The Clrad Parks and Wildlife department will lead the effrt t establish a sustainable ppulatin f gray wlves in the western part f the state, beginning in 2022 r 2023. The Suthern Rcky Muntains, where there used t be a lt f them, cntain millins f acres f suitable habitat that culd supprt several hundred wlves r mre, bilgists say.
Hwever, sme say it’s unwise t leave the questin t vters. “State bilgists have previusly declined t intrduce wlves. There's a reasn it's never been dne befre.” says Shawn Martini, spkespersn fr Clradans fr Prtecting Wildlife, nting that mst supprters are frm urban areas and they dn't have t live alngside the animal, unlike peple living in the cuntryside. Farmers and hunters dn't favr the initiative, either. Farmers wrry wlves will kill their cattle while hunters wrry they will lse elk (驼鹿) t the predatrs.
On the ther hand, accrding t Jnathan Prctr, a cnservatinist with the Defenders f Wildlife, reintrducing wlves will restre Clrad's natural balance. They help thin ut sick animals, maintaining healthy ppulatins f deer and elk. The remains f wlf kills als prvide fd fr “eaters f the dead”, including wlverines, eagles, and bears. He als emphasizes the experience f living with wlves in ther places, like the Nrthern Rckies, has shwn that wlves are nt the threat peple smetimes make them ut t be. Reintrductin prgram bilgists prmise t make it a pririty t wrk with peple living alngside wlves, prviding training and resurces t keep the wlves ut f the farms in the first place. And a prgram will be funded t pay farmers fr their lst cattle.
13．What can we learn abut the Suthern Rcky Muntains frm the text?
A．They are heavily ppulated.B．They were inhabited by wlves.
C．They are in the east f Clrad.D．They are hme t small animals.
14．What's Shawn Martini's pinin abut the return f the gray wlves?
A．It's unfair t make it happen by vting.
B．It's welcmed by urban and rural peple.
C．State bilgists shuldn't have ppsed it.
D．The wlves shuld be put smewhere else.
15．What will the prgram bilgists prbably d first?
A．Buy mre cattle.B．Reach ut t the lcals.
C．Relcate the wlves.D．Clear the site fr wlves.
16．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Wlves are Cming Hme.B．N Wrries abut Wlves.
C．Always Vte fr What is Right.D．Wlves Help Lcal Ecsystem.
【来源】江西省顶级名校2021届高三下学期第三次模拟考试英语试题
【答案】13．B
14．A
15．B
16．A
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。报道了科罗拉多州通过投票的方式决定将重新引进灰狼，不同的人对此有不同的看法。
13．
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Suthern Rcky Muntains, where there used t be a lt f them, cntain millins f acres f suitable habitat that culd supprt several hundred wlves r mre, bilgists say. (落基山脉南部有几万平方公里的适宜栖息地，灰狼曾在这里繁衍生息，生物学家表示，这里可以供几百只甚至更多的灰狼生活) ”，可知，狼曾经居住在落基山脉南部。故选B。
14．
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Hwever, sme say it’s unwise t leave the questin t vters. “State bilgists have previusly declined t intrduce wlves. There's a reasn it's never been dne befre.” says Shawn Martini, spkespersn fr Clradans fr Prtecting Wildlife, nting that mst supprters are frm urban areas and they dn't have t live alngside the animal, unlike peple living in the cuntryside. (不过，有人说，把这个问题留给选民是不明智的。州生物学家此前拒绝引进狼，这是以前从未做过的事情，这是有原因的。 ”Shawn Martini说，他是保护野生动物的科罗拉多人的发言人。他指出，大多数支持者来自城市地区，他们不必和动物一起生活，不像生活在农村的人)”可知，Shawn Martini认为投票决定是否引入物种是之前没有过的，这种方式产生的结果可能不那么明智，而且支持者也有一定的局限性，所以他认为通过投票来让灰狼回归是不公平的，故选A。
15．
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Reintrductin prgram bilgists prmise t make it a pririty t wrk with peple living alngside wlves, prviding training and resurces t keep the wlves ut f the farms in the first place. (重新引入计划的生物学家将优先与和狼一起生活的人合作，首先提供培训和资源，让狼远离农场) ”可知，该计划的生物学家首先会和与狼一起生活的当地人接触合作，故选B。
16．
主旨大意题。新闻报道的主题常位于第一段。根据第一段“Vters in Clrad narrwly apprved an initiative (计划), setting the stage fr the return f gray wlves, which were wiped ut in this area by the 1940s. This is the first time that a state has reintrduced an animal like this. (科罗拉多州公民投票以微弱优势通过了一项计划，为重新引入灰狼铺平了道路；20世纪40年代，灰狼在科罗拉多州被消灭。这是首次一个州以这样的方式重新引入一种动物)”可知，本报道主要是围绕科罗拉多州通过投票的方式重新引入灰狼展开，也就是狼要重新回到他们之前的居住地了。所以选项A“狼要回家了”概括文章大意，是最合适的标题，故选A。