专题05 形容词和副词 -冲刺2022年高考英语重点语法通关练

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专题05 形容词和副词（教师版）目录内容Section A真题感悟Section B知识梳理Section C课堂练习Section D课后作业Section E巩固提升 1：语法填空1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Landing on the moon’s far side is 　　　　　(extreme) challenging. 2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices.　　　　　(certain) during the holiday period,this plant is a must. 3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)The 　　　　　(beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. 4.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 　　　　　(fine) work,so that he could choose the best. 5.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)As the small boat moved,　　　　　 (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. 6.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries,　　　　　(wealth) people travelled and collected plants,historical objects and works of art. 7.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 　　　　　(poor) studied. 8.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 　　　　　(high) than they actually are. 9.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Her years of hard work have 　　　　　(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire’s Woman of the Year. 10.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)“...We are so proud of her.It’s 　　　　　(wonder).” 11.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)They also shared with us many 　　　　　(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 　　　　　(huge) popular with tourists. 12.（2021·天津卷）While rock-climbing, you need to remain very _____ （focus）so that you won't make any dangerous errors.13.（2021·天津卷）As working from home becomes ________ （increasing）common, people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career.14.（2021·全国甲卷）After  spending  some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what __________ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!We hired              our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky  but  did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all  the way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly, you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and  watchtowers to take pictures or, just to watch the local people going about their  ___________ (day) routines.15.(2021·新高考I卷)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ________(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing  about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the _______ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us _______(astonish).16.(2021·浙江卷)When the house was built, it was much _____ （small）than it is today. Mary's niece wrote参考答案：1.extremely　2.Certainly　3.beautiful　4.finest　5.gently 6.wealthy　7.poorly　8.higher　9.finally　10.wonderful 11.traditional;hugely 12.focused  13.increasingly  14.better；daily15.undoubtedly；hotter；astonished   16.smaller2：短文改错1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. 　　　　　 2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)I’m surely you’ll have a good time. 　　　　　 3.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In order to make surely all of us are in good health,she makes special plans for us.              　　　　　 4.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)My mom is really concerning with the health of everyone in our family.5.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Best of luck with your learning kung fu in China.See you sooner.6.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.7.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.8.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)First,I wanted to be a fireman,whose uniform looked so coolly.9.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷) Then,when I was in the fifth grade,I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much.              10.（2021·全国乙卷短文改错）What’s most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study. That’s our view on housework 参考答案：  1.simply→simple　2.surely→sure　3.surely→sure 4.concerning→concerned　5.sooner→soon　6.interesting→interested　7.hardly→hard　8.coolly→cool　9.too→very/so  10.most→more   1：考点梳理形容词和副词的句法功能； 根据提示词写出正确的形容词或副词词形；原级、比较级、最高级的使用； 倍数的表达法； 常见形容词、副词的惯用法。考点1　基本用法1. 形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或物的性质、特征和状态，在句中一般作定语、表语或宾语补足语等。Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. (作定语)English is compulsory for Chinese students. (作表语)Please keep the door open. (作宾补)副词用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或整个句子，表示时间、地点、方式、程度、动作、频率等，在句中主要作状语。Please write slowly and carefully. (修饰动词)Mary and Jane are quite different. (修饰形容词)He spoke too quickly to understand. (修饰副词)He is badly in need of money. (修饰介词短语) Generally , it’s a book worth reading. (修饰句子)2. 形容词和副词的比较级用于两个人或事物之间的比较，最高级用于三个或三个以上人或事物之间的比较。比较的对象应为同类，且不能相互包容，常用结构为“比较级＋than＋比较对象”，“the＋最高级＋比较范围”。The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai. Allan is the second tallest player in the team. Lucy runs faster than Lily. 考点2　形容词与副词的比较级和最高级构成1：规则变化构　成例词原级比较级最高级单音节词一般情况下直接加-er和-estsmallsmallersmallestgreatgreatergreatesthardharderhardest以e结尾的单音节词和少数以-ble结尾的双音节词加-r和-stfinefinerfinestcutecutercutestableablerablest以一个辅音字母结尾,且前面只有一个元音字母的词,双写辅音字母后再加-er和-estfatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnest hothotterhottest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,先把y变为i再加-er和-esteasyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiestearlyearlierearliest少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,加-er和-estclevercleverercleverestnarrownarrowernarrowest其他双音节和多音节的形容词或副词一般在前面加more和mostcarefulmore carefulmost carefulpopularmore popularmost popularefficientlyMore efficientlymost efficiently2：不规则变化原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,illworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest3：形容词和副词比较等级常见句式项　目例　句as...as.../not so (as)...as...,意为“和…(不)一样…” She is as tall as her mother.I am not as/ so good a player as you are.比较级 (+ than),意为“一方比另一方……” This picture is more beautiful than that one.I have never seen a more interesting film.less +原级+than,意为“一方不及另一方……”This room is less beautiful than that one.the +比较级,the +比较级,意为“越……越……”The harder you work,the more progress you will make.“否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义I have never spent a more worrying day.more...than...,意为“与其……倒不如……”He is more shy than unfriendly.以-ior结尾的形容词,与to搭配。如:junior,senior,superior,prior,inferior等The book is superior to that one I just finished reading.no+比较级+than两者都不This book is no more interesting than that once.The+比较级+of the two两者中较为……the older of the two考点3　形容词、副词的倍数表达法(1)... 倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as...The big box is four times as heavy as the small one. 大箱子是小箱子的四倍重。(2)... 倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than...The car runs twice faster than that truck. 这辆轿车跑得比那辆卡车快两倍。(3)... 倍数＋the＋度量衡名词＋of...The newly built square is four times the size of the previous one. 新建的广场是之前的四倍大。(4)... 倍数＋what从句Cotton output is now ten times what it was ten years ago. 目前棉花产量是十年前的十倍。(5)... 倍数＋that/those of...In this workshop the output of July was 3.5 times that of January. 这个车间七月的产量是一月的3.5倍。考点4　形容词作定语的位置形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情况后置:修饰some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等构成的复合不定代词时nobody absent,everything possible以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后the best book available,the only solution possiblealive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等可以后置the only person awake和空间、时间、单位连用时a bridge 50 meters long成对的形容词可以后置a huge room simple and beautiful形容词短语一般后置a man difficult to get on with  一、单句改错1. They were also the best and worse years in my life. 2. To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie. 3. Nang is a specially kind of cake in Xinjiang. 4. He has a comfortable room, patiently nurses, and a great deal of time to read. 5. The quality of health care varies great. 6. Yes, it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from mine. 7. I hope that you think about my request and visit us as soon as possibly. 8. Interesting, it had a connection with the British porcelain (瓷器) industry. 9. No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before. 10. I headed for the company, feeling sure I would easy finish 300 envelopes in five hours and earn the money. 参考答案：　1. worse改为worst　2. bad改为worse　3. specially改为special　4. patiently改为patient　5. great改为greatly　6. clearly改为clear　7. possibly改为possible　8. Interesting改为Interestingly　9. previous改为previously　10. easy改为easily二、单句语法填空1. Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks ____________ (regular). 2. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs (枝条) which ____________ (gradual) turned into chopsticks. 3. Chinese scientists ____________ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. 4. The proverb is saying that we have to let things go in their ____________ (nature) course. 5. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled ____________ (warm) and thanked his students very much for the sweet water. 6. A few hours ____________ (early), I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with its choking smog. 7. Mary felt ____________ (please), because there were many empty seats in the room. 8. My friends know where I can pick up a good used car at a ____________ (reason) price. 9. I got bored and ____________ (actual) fell asleep for a few minutes. 10. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ____________ (clean) than ever. 参考答案：1. regularly　2. gradually　3. recently　4. natural　5. warmly  6. earlier　7. pleased　8. reasonable　9. actually　10. cleaner 一、单句改错1. I’m little of course, but terrible quick and brave. 2. The assistant was clearly as embarrassing as my sister. 3. I knocked at the door and was delighting when a pleasant old man opened the door. 4. Here I am in the middle of a city, 350 miles far away from our farmhouse. 5. I noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people. 6. Two years before, I traveled to Brazil and rented a car. 7. We’ve produced twice as more cotton this year as we did ten years ago. 8. My mother is very much kind and is friendly to everybody. 9. The medicine had so a bitter taste that I took it mixed in orange juice. 10. These are the happier girls I have ever seen and I am the happiest of all.  参考答案：　1. terrible改为terribly　2. embarrassing改为embarrassed　3. delighting改为delighted　4. 去掉far　5. noise改为noisy　6. before改为ago　7. much改为more　8. 去掉much　9. so改为such　10. happier改为happiest二：语法填空1. Some of them looked very anxious and ____________ (disappoint). 2. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers ____________ (sudden) became friendly to one another. 3. The ____________ (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit. 4. The Central London Railway was one of the most __________ (success) of these new lines. 5. Walls made of adobe (土坯) take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out heat ____________ (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house. 6. ____________ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. 7. Even ____________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. 8. It is ____________ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. 9. Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been ____________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers. 10. He is so busy with his work that he ____________ (frequent)  stays up late. 参考答案：1. disappointed　2. suddenly　3. harder　4. successful　5. slowly　6. Luckily　7. worse　8. certainly　9. fairly　10. frequently 1：语法填空1.In fact,1924 is often considered the beginning of a 　　　　(true) modern Olympic era. 2.Raymond’s parents wanted him to have the 　　　　　(good) possible education. 3.The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here 　　　　　(early). 4.The final score of the basketball match was 93-94.We were only 　　(narrow) beaten. 5.Alan is a careful driver,but he drives the least 　　　　　(careful) of my friends. 6.She devoted herself 　　　　　(entire) to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field. 7.The committee is discussing the problem right now.It will 　　　　　(hope) have been solved by the end of next week. 8.Scientists hope that these precautions will prevent any 　　　　　(far) damage to the paintings. 9.Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds,and I have not seen a 　　(good) one this year. 10.Mr Smith used to smoke 　　　　　(heavy) but he has given it up. 参考答案：1.truly　2.best　3.earlier　4.narrowly　5.carefully　6.entirely　7.hopefully　8.further　9.better　10.heavily2：短文改错1.He had such many falls that he was black and blue all over. 　　　　　 2.Although the climate and the landscape are pleased,people lead a tough life there.3.I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. 　　　　　 4.I could good remember the incident that happened on the cold Monday evening.5.Unfortunate,there are too many people in my family. 　　　　　 6.I went to visit her this morning,but she got very much angry with me for spending my money on flowers.              　　　　　 7.After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening. 　　　　　 8.After learning the basics of the subject,nothing else seemed very practically to me.9.Located in North America,Canada is the second large country with the largest number of lakes in the world.              　　　　　 10.Nothing is much easy to defeat you when you often assess yourself negatively.参考答案：1.such→so　2.pleased→pleasing　3.wonderfully→wonderful 4.good→well　5.Unfortunate→Unfortunately　6.去掉much 7.frightening→frightened　8.practically→practical　9.large→largest　10.easy→easier3：篇章训练（A） At a time when we are all experiencing an extraordinary level of stress, science offers a simple and effective way to improve our own emotional（情感的）health.To help yourself,    1   （ start） by helping others.As    2    matter of fact, our bodies and minds benefit in a variety of    3   （way）when we help others. Some research has focused    4    the “ helper’s high. " Studies show that volunteering, donating money, or even just thinking about donating money can release （释 放）feel-good brain chemicals.    5   （feel） responsible for other people also can help us deal with whatever challenges life brings. Emily Greenfield, an associate    6   （ consult） of social work at RutgersUniversity, studied a concept called “felt obligation （义务）,”  which    7   （measure） by asking people questions such as how obligated they would feel to give money to a friend in need, even    8    it meant putting themselves in trouble.As it turned out, the people who had higher levels of “felt obligation” — meaning they were the type of people to sacrifice for others — dealt    9   （ well） with their own life challenges than others.She    10   （note） that caring for others helped us to regulate our own emotions and gain a sense of control.参考答案：1．考查动词。句意：要帮助自己，首先要帮助别人。分析句子类型可知，此句是祈使句，以动词原形开头，故填 start。2．考查固定短语。句意：事实上，当我们帮助别人时，我们的身体和心灵以各种方式受益。as a matter of fact为固定搭配，意为“实际上，事实上”， 故填a。3．考查名词单复数。句意：事实上，当我们帮助别人时，我们的身体和心灵以各种方式受益。根据空前的“a variety of”可知，此处指的是各种各样的方法，way为可数名词，故用复数形式，故填ways。4．考查介词。句意：一些研究集中在“帮助者的兴奋点”上。foucs on/upon为固定搭配，意为"关注"，故填on/ upon。5．考查非谓语动词。句意：对他人有责任感也可以帮助我们处理生活带来的任何挑战。分析句子结构可知，空处为主语，应填动名词，故填Feeling。6．考查名词。句意：艾米丽·格林菲尔德是罗格斯大学社会工作顾问，研究了一个名为“感觉义务”的概念，通过询问人们一些问题来衡量，比如他们觉得有义务为需要帮助的朋友捐钱，即使这意味着自己陷入困境。根据空前的“an associate”及空后的“of ”可知，此空应该填写名词，表示“顾问”，故填consultant。7．考查动词时态和语态。句意：艾米丽·格林菲尔德是罗格斯大学社会工作顾问，研究了一个名为“感觉义务”的概念，通过询问人们一些问题来衡量，比如他们觉得有义务为需要帮助的朋友捐钱，即使这意味着自己陷入困境。此句为非限制性定语从句，描述一个客观的事实，故用一般现在时；先行词concept为单数，在从句中作主语，与谓语动词measure之间为被动关系，用被动语态，故填is measured。8．考查固定搭配。句意：艾米丽·格林菲尔德是罗格斯大学社会工作顾问，研究了一个名为“感觉义务”的概念，通过询问人们一些问题来衡量，比如他们觉得有义务为需要帮助的朋友捐钱，即使这意味着自己陷入困境。通过句意可知，此处表达让步关系，意为“即使，虽然”，even if/though为固定短语，故填if/ though。9．考查副词比较级。句意：结果表明，那些有较高“责任感”的人——这意味着他们是那种会为他人做出牺牲的人——能够更好地应对自己的生活挑战。根据后文“than”可知，此处应该填比较级，故填better。10．考查动词时态。句意：她指出，关心他人有助于我们调节自己的情绪，并获得一种控制感。note在句中作谓语动词，根据上文时态可知，此处应该用一般过去时，描述发生在过去的事情，故填noted。（B）I'm glad to have received your letter say that you are interested in China. Now I am writing to sincere invite you to visit China, where won't let you down. As you know, China, with a long history and great culture, have a sea of famous cities and different types of places of interesting for you to explore. Among them he can't miss the Great Wall! Beside, you can also enjoy various delicious food and convenience transport like high-speed trains and shared bikes. They are sure give you a brand new experience!Wish you all are the best!参考答案：第一处：考查非谓语动词。句意：我很高兴收到你的来信，说你对中国感兴趣。前句已有动词have received，所以只能作后置定语。名词your letter与 say之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。故将say改为saying。第二处：考查副词。句意：现在我写信真诚地邀请你访问中国，那里不会让你失望。修饰后面的动词invite，用副词，表示“真诚地”，用副词sincerely。故将sincere改为sincerely。第三处：考查定语从句。句意：现在我写信真诚地邀请你访问中国，那里不会让你失望。这里含有一个定语从句，China是先行词，指物，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，用which。故将where改为which。第四处：考查主谓一致。句意：正如你所知道的，中国有着悠久的历史和伟大的文化，有许多著名的城市和不同类型的名胜供你探索。China作主语，谓语动词用单数。故将have改为has。第五处：考查名词。句意：正如你所知道的，中国有着悠久的历史和伟大的文化，有许多著名的城市和不同类型的名胜供你探索。places of interest为固定搭配，意为“名胜古迹”。故将interesting改为interest。第六处：考查代词。句意：在这些美景当中，你不能错过长城!根据书信格式，作者一直以第二人称称呼自己的朋友，人称不能突然改变。故将he改为you。第七处：考查副词。句意：此外，你还可以享受各种美味的食物和方便的交通，如高速列车和共享单车。besides副词，意为“此外”，引出另一种情况，以作补充。用于开头，常用逗号与后面句子隔开。故将Beside改为Besides。第八处：考查形容词。句意：此外，你还可以享受各种美味的食物和方便的交通，如高速列车和共享单车。修饰后面的名词transport，用形容词，表示“便利的”，用形容词convenient。故将convenience改为convenient。第九处：考查固定搭配。句意：他们一定会给你一个全新的体验!be sure to do sth. 为固定搭配，意为“一定会……”。故在give前面加to。第十处：考查动词用法。句意：祝你一切顺利！wish sb. sth.希望某人……，其中wish表示“祝愿、祝福”。故将are删除。