专题04 名词 -冲刺2022年高考英语重点语法通关练

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专题04 名词（学生版）目录内容Section A真题感悟Section B知识梳理Section C课堂练习Section D课后作业Section E巩固提升 1：语法填空1．（2021·天津卷）Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ （advance）in medical science.2．（2021·全国乙卷）      (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.3．(2021·新高考I卷)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we             (human) are.4．(2021·浙江卷)Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it  for  $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their          （marry）ceremony in 1842. 5．（2021年全国甲卷）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and             (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.6．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The far side of the moon is of particular 　　　　　(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山). 7．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Filled with 　　　 　　(curious),the artist packed his bags and left. 8．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)The plum       （tree） are the first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). 9．(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Historical 　　　　　(accurate) is important but so is entertainment. 10．(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a 　　　　　(believe) that populations are increasing. 11．(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 　　　　　(compete) to watch,together with the story behind it. 2：短文改错1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.2.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Luckily,I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations. 　　　　　 4.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)My mom is really concerned with the health of everyone in our families.5.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)To everyone’s surprising,the ball went into the net. 　　　　　 6.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)All the football player on the playground cheered loudly,saying that I had a talent for football.              　　　　　 7.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Since I was a kid,I’ve considered different job I would like to do.   1：考点梳理1.可数名词的复数(1)规则变化:一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。规则例词一般在词尾加-smap—maps,sea—seas,girl—girls,day—days以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-esclass—classes,box—boxes,watch—watches,dish—dishes以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf—leaves,thief—thieves,knife—knives,half—halves,loaf—loaves,wife—wives,shelf—shelves加-sbelief—beliefs,chief—chiefs,proof—proofs,roof—roofs以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-esparty—parties,family—families,story—stories,city—cities以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-stoy—toys,boy—boys,day—days,ray—rays,Henry—Henrys以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-eshero—heroes,potato—potatoes,tomato—tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano—pianos,photo—photos,kilo—kilos两者皆可zero—zeros/zeroesvolcano—volcanos/volcanoesmosquito—mosquitos/mosquitoes规则例词以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio—radios,bamboo—bamboos,zoo—zoos以-th结尾的名词加-struth—truths,mouth—mouths,month—months,path—paths(2)不规则变化规则例词改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,goose—geese,mouse—mice单复数相同species,sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,li,yuan,jin只有复数形式ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police,cattle,staff部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件,报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)表示“某国人”加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans单复数同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches 将两部分变为复数women singers,men servants考点2　不可数名词1. 不可数名词量的表达不可数名词一般不能直接用不定冠词或数词修饰，而应与特定的单位名词连用来表示量的概念，如：a cup of tea, four pieces of bread等。2. 抽象名词的具体化这类名词如果仅仅表示某种概念，是不可数名词；如果表示具体的人或事，就成了可数名词，前面常加不定冠词，如：pleasure, help, honor, surprise, success, failure等。有些抽象名词在具体化时，还可以用复数形式出现，如：no pains, no gains；表示特指时，可与定冠词连用。3. 学科名词和集体名词的意义(1)有些学科名词以s结尾，但表示单数意义，如：physics, maths, politics等。(2)有些集体名词通常只用于表示复数概念，如：police, people, cattle等。(3)有些集体名词在表示整体时为单数概念，在表示集体中的各个成员时为复数概念，如：class, family, couple, audience, government, public等。考点3  名词所有格1. 表示有生命物体的名词所有格(1)一般在词尾加’s，如：the boy’s bag, men’s rooms等。(2)以s结尾的词直接加’，如：the workers’ struggle，　the students’ reading room等。(3)并列名词表示各自所属时，在名词后都加’s，如：John’s and Mary’s rooms(约翰和玛丽各自的房间)；表示共同所属时，在最后一个名词后加’s，如：John and Mary’s room(约翰和玛丽共同的房间)。(4)在表示店铺、餐馆、诊所的名称或某人的家时，其所有格后面的名词可省略，如：at the doctor’s在诊所，at my sister’s在我姐姐(妹妹)的家。2.of所有格的用法用于无生命的东西the legs of the chair,the cover of the book用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时the classrooms of the first-year students用于名词化的词the struggle of the oppressed考点4　名词作定语1. 名词作定语时一般用单数，表示类别、处所、材料、身份、性别、功能、用途等。例如：stone figures石像， paper money纸币， book stores书店， evening dress晚礼服。2. 有些情况下，也可用复数作定语。例如：a goods train货运列车， two men doctors两个男医生， a clothes shop服装店， a sales manager销售经理。3. “数字＋连字符＋名词”作定语时，名词一般用单数形式。例如：a five-year plan一个五年计划，a ten-mile walk一段十英里的路程。考点5　名词与固定搭配名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类：“动词＋名词”和“介词＋名词”。常见短语如下：make preparations for, make friends with, give regards to, make both ends meet, fix one’s eyes upon/on, in great demand，in high spirits，in agreement with，pay attention to，keep pace with，attach importance to，gain/have an advantage over，make a/no/some difference 一、单句改错1. I need to stay in the hospital for at least two week. 2. He stopped at a box of golden ball for Christmas trees. 3. My old classroom was interesting because three side of it were made of glass. 4. For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and do sports for one hour every day. 5. One of my unforgettable memory of my school in Xinjiang is that of lunches we brought from our homes. 6. It was very strange to travel without any luggages. 7. Tourists were led around like sheeps, from one shop to another shop. 8. He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black to gray over the years. 9. “Excuse me, ” she said, putting her arm around the unhappy old woman. 10. A nearby company was looking for students with good handwriting to write addresses on envelope.二、单句语法填空1. The police were delayed by the ____________ (absent) of information about the crime. 2. A light breeze stirred the ____________ (leaf) of the tall oak tree outside her window. 3. He devotes his time to the ____________ (acquire) of knowledge. 4. They are now under a great deal of pressure to tighten their airport ____________ (secure). 5. I’m quite in ____________ (agree) with your decision. 6. It’s smaller in size but greater in ____________ (weigh). 7. Please remember to take all your personal ____________ (possess) with you when you leave the aircraft. 8. The community here has been ruined by poverty and ____________ (employment). 9. It’s important to brush your ____________ (tooth) at least twice a day. 10. Over three hundred people have died of ____________ (starve) since the beginning of the year. 　 一、单句改错1. There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. 2. All over the world, men and woman, boys and girls enjoy sports. 3. The second man pointed to his glass and asked if the angel could cure his poor eyesight. 4. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. 5. He agreed to read my story and give me some advices on how to write like a real writer. 6. And I came to understand it was not easy to earn money, and that knowledges could change my life. 7. Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. 8. When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night. 9. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. 10.  At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.”二、单句语法填空1. The teacher praised her for her ____________ (anxious) for knowledge. 2. Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ____________ (attract). 3. Children should ask their parents’ ____________ (permit) before making phone calls. 4. Always read the ____________ (instruct) before you start taking the medicine. 5. It now seems unlikely that it will be possible to reach a peaceful ____________ (settle) of the conflict. 6. Applicants must satisfy the ____________ (require) for admission to the university. 7. He searched for a sign of ____________ (recognize) on her face, but there was none. 8. Landing on the moon was a remarkable ____________ (achieve). 9. Fortunately, the university provides students with many ____________ (employ) opportunities. 10. He often nods to the ____________ (passer-by) as if he knew all of them. 　  1：语法填空1.　　　　　(apology) of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before. 2.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which were saved for other 　　　　　(purpose). 3.A hundred years ago,　　　　　(explorer) at that time were taking a tremendous risk in approaching the cold wonderland on the southernmost tip of the planet. 4.Chinese people are becoming richer and more international.What has not changed is their 　　　　　(stomach). 2：短文改错1.She has taught us a lot of English knowledges and how to be a good citizen. 　　　　　 　  2.I suddenly found that Lin Ling,one of my classmate,worked as a waitress there.3.For example,businessmen are more likely to travel by plane or high-speed train to save time while office worker tend to take buses or drive to work themselves.              　　　　　 4.Last year,my families and I went camping in the countryside.It was one of the exciting experiences I had ever had.              　　　　　 5.I hope my advices can help you improve your health.3：篇章训练（A） A concrete bookstore under   1  （construct）in Wisdom Bay innovation park in Shanghai will be the first 3D-printed bookstore in China, and it is due to open to the public at the end of January, 2021."The bookstore was printed on-site in three weeks,” He Yuting,   2   is responsible for this project, from Tsinghua University School of Architecture in Beijing, told the Global Times on Thursday. The printing work has finished and the bookstore will   3   （decorate）,  He told the reporter.   4   （compare）with simple works such as a 3D-printed flower basin, the bookstore is an innovative attempt in the architecture field, as the 3D-printed architecture is   5   （cheap）than conventional construction techniques and saves time, He said.   6   makes this bookstore so unique, is that “we used fiber concrete to resist compression,” He added,   7   （note）that the floor also has a heating system. He mentioned the 3D-printed bookstore is as safe as traditional concrete construction based on their experimental data in   8   （term）of structure and earthquake resistance.So far, different teams in France, Switzerland and Russia all   9   （have）similar research on 3D-printed concrete technology,   10   China’s research and achievements in this field are among the best in the world, according to He.（B）Last week our teacher asked us to fill in a questionnaire. One of the questions are：Who will you go in times of trouble? Here are the results. Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they're of the same age and can understand each other. Some will turn out to their parents or teachers for help. Only a little choose to deal with the problems on our own. Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others. They kept very much to themselves. In my opinion, where in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust mostly.