专题03 介词 -冲刺2022年高考英语重点语法通关练

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专题03 介词（教师版）目录内容Section A真题感悟Section B知识梳理Section C课堂练习Section D课后作业Section E巩固提升 1：语法填空1.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Orange trees are more 　　　　　decoration;they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. 2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Bamboo plants are associated 　　　　　health,abundance and a happy home. 3.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist 　　　　　earth,Mother Nature. 4.(2020· 新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Museums must compete 　　　　　people’s spare time and money with other amusements. 5.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Modern methods 　　　　　tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area. 6.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 　　　　　dogs,seven to be exact. 7.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)I was searching 　　　　　these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. 8.(2018·北京卷)—Good morning,Mr Lee’s office.—Good morning.I’d like to make an appointment 　　　　　next Wednesday afternoon. 9.(2017·全国Ⅱ卷)It allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and 　　　　　work. 10.(2017·全国Ⅲ卷)After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 　　　　　engineering or architecture. 11.(2017·江苏卷)Determining where we are in relation 　　　　　our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. 12.（2021·天津卷）Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are truly struggling.      .  simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.13.(2021·浙江卷)Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it _____ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their  marriage ceremony in 1842. 14.（2021年全国乙卷）Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ___66___ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles参考答案：1.than　2.with　3.on　4.for　5.of/for　6.of　7.for  8.for　9.from　10.in　11.to   12.upon   13.for   14.than2：短文改错1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove. 　　　　　 2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Then I can spare some time to learn it again,so that we can practice together on every day.              　　　　　 3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)I’m glad to know that you’ve come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown.              　　　　　 4.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)From now on,I started to play football with classmates after school.5.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)When I studied chemistry high school,I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor.              　　　　　 6.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)I want my cafe to have a special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty”.　　　 参考答案：    1.off→on　2.去掉介词on　3.come后加to　4.now→then　5.在high前加in/at　6.去掉such as后的like   1：考点梳理常见介词的基本用法； 2. 介词与动词、名词、形容词等的固定搭配。考点1　表示时间的介词1. at, on, in(1)at表示时间点，在某时某刻，泛指周末、圣诞节、复活节等时，也用at。(2)on 表示在具体的某一天、星期几或某天的上午、下午、晚上。(3)in 表示时间段，在某世纪、某年、某季度、某月以及泛指的上午、下午、晚上。常见的固定表达有：at dawn/daybreak 在黎明时，at dusk 在傍晚，at noon 在中午，at night 在夜间，at midnight 在午夜，at Christmas 在圣诞节期间，at the age of five 在五岁时，on Sunday 在星期天，on Christmas Day 在圣诞节，in the 21st century 在21世纪，in the 1990s 在20世纪90年代，in winter 在冬季，in September 在九月，in the morning 在上午。2. for, during, through(1)for后接一段时间，表示某事持续多久，多与完成时连用。(2)during 表示“在……期间”。(3)through 表示“一直……，自始至终”。She has been ill for several days. I went to France during the summer vacation. They worked hard through the winter. 3. from, since(1) from表示时间的起点，可译作“从……”，多用于 from...to/till...结构中。(2)since 表示“自从……以来(直到现在)”。You can come any time from Monday to Friday. We have known each other since ten years ago. 注意：for 和 since 都常与完成时连用，但 for 接时间段，since 接时间点。如 for two hours (持续)两小时，since last week 从上周直到现在。4. before, by, till, until(1)before表示“在……之前”，与 after 相对。(2)by 表示“不迟于，到……时为止，在……以前”。其后接过去时间时，常与过去完成时连用；后接将来时间时，常与将来完成时连用。(3)till/until 表示“直到……为止”。在肯定句中，必须与延续性动词连用；在否定句中，常与非延续性动词连用。Please come before ten o’clock. We had learned over 1，000 words by the end of last term. You must wait for him till/until tomorrow. I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock. 5. after, inafter与 in 都可表示“在……之后”。after 后可跟时间段，也可跟时间点；而 in 后必须跟时间段。after 既可用于将来时，也可用于过去时；而 in 只能用于将来时。The meeting will end after 3∶00 pm. I’ll arrive in an hour. 考点2　表示方位的介词1. at, in, on(1)at表示在某地点，后接较小的地方或门牌号码。(2)in 后接较大的地方或某个范围。(3)on 表示与面或线接触，后接道路、街道等。She lives at 78 Wuhan Road. They arrived in Beijing yesterday. She lives on Zhongshan Road. 2. on, above, over(1)on表示“在……上”，并与之相接触。(2)above 表示“在……的上方”，高于某物，但不一定是正上方，与 below 相对。(3)over 表示“在……的正上方”，高于某物，与 under 相对。He put the dictionary on the desk. An airplane flew above the clouds. He is holding an umbrella over his head. 3. below, under(1)below表示“在……下面，低于”，不一定是在正下方。(2)under 表示“在……的正下方”，指垂直方向上。He saw many hills and rivers below the plane. There is a chair under the table. 4. in, on, to(1)in表示在某一范围内。(2)on 表示与某一地区“接壤，毗邻”。(3)to 表示两个地方之间有一段距离。Japan lies to the east of China in the east of Asia. It faces the Pacific Ocean on the east. 日本在亚洲东部(范围内)，中国东面(不接壤)。它东临太平洋(接壤)。5. across, through(1)across表示“横穿”，指从物体的表面穿过。(2)through表示“穿过，贯穿”，指从人群或某个空间内穿过。He walked across the road carefully. The path goes through the forest. 考点3　表示方式的介词表示方式的介词有：(1)by 表示用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具。(2)in 表示用某种语言、材料、颜色、方式等。(3)with 表示用有形的工具、身体部位或器官等。(4)through 表示“通过，凭借”。Karen studies Chinese by reading aloud in the morning. Can you write an essay in English?Remove the meat with a fork and divide it into four pieces. You can only achieve success through hard work.考点4　常用介词区别表示时间的in,on,atat表示片刻的时间;in表示一段时间;on总是与日子有关表示时间的since,fromsince指从过去到现在的一段时间,和完成时连用;from指从时间的某一点开始表示时间的in,afterin指在一段时间之后;after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中表示地理位置的in,on,toin表示在某范围内;on指与什么毗邻;to指在某环境范围之外表示“在……上”的on,inon只表示在某物的表面上;in表示占去某物一部分表示“穿过”的through,acrossthrough表示从内部通过,与in有关;across表示在表面上通过,与on有关表示“关于”的about,onabout指涉及;on指专门论述between与among的区别between表示在两者之间;among用于三者或三者以上的中间表示“用”的in,with和bywith表示使用具体的工具;in表示使用某种材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音;表示使用交通方式多用by,名词前不加冠词,用in或on时,名词前要加冠词as与like的区别as意为“作为,以……地位或身份”;like意为“像……一样”,指情形相似in与into的区别in通常表示位置(静态);into表示动向,不表示目的地或位置表示“除……之外”的介词besides表示包含,“除……之外还有……”;except表示排除,“除……之外”,不放在句首;but表示排除,多与nobody,none,no one,nothing,anything,everyone,all,who等连用;except for表示“除……之外”,常在说明基本情况后,从细节上加以修正。apart from表示“此外,除……之外还有……”,相当于besides/as well as表示原因的介词for表示原因,常与sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame等词连用;at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到……而……”;from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸、劳累等;of指“内在的原因”,如疾病、饥饿、年老等;with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因;by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因考点5  常用介词短语atat lunch在吃午饭;at table在吃饭;at school在上学;at peace在和平时期;at first=at the beginning初期;at the beginning of在……的初始阶段;at the end of...在……结束时inin a sense从某种意义上说;in common共同,共有;in place在适当的位置;in practice在实践中,实际上;in public公开地,当众;in turn依次,轮流,反过来;in case以免,万一;in detail详细地;in office在执政;in power当权,在执政;in progress在进行中;in return作为回报;in time及时,最终;in the way挡路;in exchange for用以交换……;in favour of同意,支持;in the meanwhile同时;in spite of不管,不顾;in terms of就……来说;in addition to此外,除……以外onon behalf of代表;on condition that以……作为条件;on sale出售;on strike在罢工;on the increase正在增加;on the go忙个不停;on the air正在广播;on the contrary相反underunder control在控制之中;under discussion在讨论中;under development在发展中;under construction在建设中;under repair在修理中forfor lack of由于缺乏;for the benefit of为了……的利益;as for就……而论,关于byby chance=by accident偶然,碰巧;by name用名字,名叫;by far到目前为止out ofout of order发生故障,失调;out of place不得其所的,不适当的;out of control失去控制;out of one’s reach某人够不着的地方;out of the question不可能;out of question毫无疑问of+抽象名词of great value=very valuable;of great help=very helpful;of great importance=very important;of great use=very useful;of significance=significant;of interest=interesting;of benefit=beneficialto+one’s+情感名词amazement (惊奇),admiration (羡慕),annoyance (烦恼),astonishment (惊奇),delight (欣喜),amusement (娱乐),despair(绝望),disappointment(失望),embarrassment(难堪),happiness(幸福),horror (恐怖),joy (高兴),puzzlement (疑惑),relief (放心),satisfaction (满意),regret (遗憾),shame (羞愧),sorrow (悲伤),surprise (惊讶) 一、单句改错1. Luckily, I had all my money on my pocket. 2. The book I am reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain. 3. We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music. 4. With the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes in our back garden. 5. If we could show concern to others on need, the world would be a better place to live in. 6. We appreciate your apologies and good will, but we hope that you can come up a good way of settling the matter. 7. He wrote an article, which said that all UFO reports could be explained for quite naturally by aircraft movements. 8. He copied something new out this book. 9. I stood there and couldn’t believe in that a complete stranger was so thoughtful. 10. These comments came in response of specific questions often asked by local newsmen. 参考答案：　1. on改为in　2. 去掉of　3. 在 listening后加to　4. by改为of　5. on改为in　6. 在up后加with　7. 去掉for　8. 在out后加of　9. 去掉in　10. of改为to二、单句语法填空 1. ____________ our arriving at the airport, we were given a warm welcome by the local people. 2. The little pupil took his grandma ____________ the arm and walked her across the street. 3. In Bulgaria, where I live, homeless dogs are everywhere but many people here turn a blind eye ____________ them. 4. ____________ time passing, they have grown into big boys. 5. While most of us considered solving the problem as soon as possible, he considered it ____________ no importance. 6. ____________ the evening of the 7th day of the 7th lunar month, Niulang and Zhinü meet on a bridge of magpies (喜鹊) across the Milky Way. 7. Determining where we are in relation ____________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. 8. They were very curious ____________ the people who lived upstairs. 9. Tibet Autonomous Region kicked off an annual campaign Saturday to clean up rubbish left by climbers ____________ the north slope of Mount Qomolangma. 10. Ten years of prison had turned him ____________ an old man. 参考答案：1. Upon/ On　2. by　3. to　4. With　5. of　6. On　7. to　8. about　9. on　10. into 一、单句改错1. Gradually, I became interested in biology and chose to learn biology when I entered into college. 2. Tom was having much trouble getting up in the morning and was always late with work. 3. The doctor says he is recovering faster than expected and will be out of hospital a few weeks. 4. I imagine you’ll be at vacation yourself by that time. 5. I was so encouraged that I ran faster and faster till I caught up all the other runners. 6. Everyone stared me and I stood there with a red face. 7. In some places you may borrow as many books as you need, but in others you are limited on a certain number of books. 8. I have been told one more worker will be needed this year and I think you are fit it. 9. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, and he agreed. 10. Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. 参考答案：1. 去掉into　2. with改为for　3. 在hospital后加in　4. at改为on　5. 在up后加with　6. 在stared后加at　7. on改为to　8. 在fit后加for　9. 去掉for　10. for改为with二、二：语法填空1. How long the journey takes will depend on how long it takes to get __________ the traffic. 2. From the top of the skyscraper the cars ____________ us looked like insects. 3. It’s fascinating to watch how a baby changes and develops ____________ time. 4. Many mothers put their children’s needs ____________ their own. 5. It’s a shame I wasn’t here to meet you — I was in London ____________ the time. 6. He was driving ____________ 120 mph when the police spotted him. 7. He looked very handsome ____________ his uniform. 8. In all the confusion, it is quite possible that some people got tickets ____________ paying. 9. The teacher patted the boy ____________ the head and comforted him. 10. We’re paid ____________ the hour. 参考答案：1. through　2. below　3. over 4. before　5. at　6. at　7. in　8. without　9. on10. by 1：语法填空1.We’ll be free tomorrow,so I suggest a visit 　　　　　the history museum. 2.Mom told me that nothing 　　　　　red looked good against my skin. 3.“We didn’t know what had happened 　　　　　her,” said the woman at the door. 4.　　　　　 electricity,life would not be so convenient today. 5.Cinderella left her shoe on the stairs 　　　　　purpose. 6.　　　　　reality,it’s the chair that does the important work. 7.So scientists have come up 　　　　　a shocking idea. 8.　　　　　 the way,what’s your name? 9.We can hardly believe such a young boy should have traveled around the world all 　　　　　himself. 10.He was wearing dark glasses to protect his eyes 　　　　　the sun. 参考答案：1.to　2.but　3.to　4.Without　5.on　6.In　7.with　8.By 9.by　10.from2：短文改错1.My aunt advised my sister to marry Henry,but she married with Frank at last. 　　　　　 2.From this experience,I have realized a good decision benefits from people. 　　　　　 3.We can finish the work either this week or in next week. 　　　　　 4.More than one official has served for the people heart and soul. 　　　　　 5.You are required to write your story with your own words. 　　　　　 6.We walked down the stairs instead taking the elevator. 　　　　　 7.I have made rapid progress under the help of my teacher. 　　　　　 8.This term I joined in the Chinese painting club in our school. 　　　　　 9.An incident happening in a rainy Sunday afternoon changed my attitude. 　　　　　 10.Because eating too much without much exercise,he has put on weight.参考答案：1.去掉with　2.去掉from　3.去掉in　4.去掉for　5.with→in　6.在instead后加of　7.under→with　8.去掉joined后的in  9.in→on　10.在because后加of3：篇章训练（A）You may remember back at the start of December,   1   China carried out their unmanned Chang’e-5 mission and the spacecraft touched down on the moon to collect samples for research. Now it   2   (success) returned to the Earth. This is the most significant event in China’s space field, and also one of the most notable space   3   (activity) globally. Chang’e-5,   4   (launch) by a Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket early on Nov 24, is the nation’s   5   (large) and most complex lunar probe. It returned with 1,731 grams of lunar rock and soil to the Earth,   6   (mark) a historic accomplishment 44 years after the last lunar substances were taken back. The 23-day mission was China’s first space journey to claim extraterrestrial samples, making   7   the third country to accomplish the task, the first being the USA in the 1960’s and the second Soviet Union in the 1970’s.The spacecraft   8   (enter) the Earth’s atmosphere at an altitude of around 120km. As soon as it was 10km above land, it released its parachute and landed smoothly in China’s Inner Mongolia. Now the spacecraft has been air lifted to Beijing where the samples   9   (examine) by scientists very soon.The mission’s results will contribute   10   mankind’s deeper understanding of the moon’s origins and the evolution of the solar system. 参考答案：1．考查定语从句。句意：你可能还记得去年12月初，中国执行了嫦娥五号无人驾驶任务，飞船着陆月球，采集样本用于研究。定语从句的先行词是the start of December，表示时间，且在定语从句中充当时间状语。故填when。2．考查副词。句意：现在它成功地返回了地球。空处修饰动词returned，需要用副词。故填successfully。3．考查名词。句意：这是中国航天领域最重大的事件，也是全球最引人注目的航天活动之一。根据one of可知空处应该用可数名词的复数形式。故填activities。4．考查非谓语动词。句意：嫦娥五号于11月24日凌晨由长征五号重型运载火箭发射升空，是中国最大、最复杂的月球探测器。空处的launch作定语，且与被修饰的Chang’e-5为被动关系，用过去分词。故填launched。5．考查形容词最高级。句意：见上题。根据由and连接，并列的most complex lunar probe可知，空处需要用最高级。故填largest。6．考查非谓语动词。句意：它带回了1731克的月球岩石和土壤，在最后一批月球物质被带回44年后，这标志着一项历史性的成就。空处为结果状语，且与句子的主语It为主动关系，用现在分词。故填marking。7．考查代词。句意：这次为期23天的任务是中国首次太空之旅获取外星样本，使中国成为第三个完成这项任务的国家，第一个是60年代的美国，第二个是70年代的苏联。空处需要用代词指代China。故填it。8．考查谓语动词的时态。句意：宇宙飞船在大约120千米的高度进入地球大气层。表示发生在过去的动作，用一般过去时。故填entered。9．考查谓语动词的时态。句意：现在宇宙飞船已经被空运到北京，那里的样本将很快被科学家检测。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据very soon可知要用一般将来时;且examine与samples为被动关系，用被动语态。故填will be examined。10．考查介词。句意：这次任务的结果将有助于人类更深入地了解月球的起源和太阳系的演化。contribute to…为固定短语，意为“有助于……”。故填to。（B）I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals. I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary. In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework. Firstly, doing housework was helpful for us to be a responsible person. Also, it gives our parents more time to do what they are like and it improves the family relationship. What’s most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study. That’s our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!参考答案：1. 考查名词单复数。句意：饭后我总是帮助父母洗碗。固定短语“do the dishes”译为“洗餐具”。故将dish改为dishes。2. 考查动词。句意：我也给院子里的花浇水，必要时打扫我自己的卧室。分析句子结构以及并列连词and可知，此处tidy up是并列谓语。根据上文的“water the flowers”可知，句子要使用一般现在时。主语第一人称I，谓语动词用原型。故将tidying改为tidy。3. 考查连词。句意：我也给院子里的花浇水，必要时打扫我自己的卧室。根据句意可知，此处表达“有必要时我也会打扫自己的卧室”，所以用whenever(无论何时)引导让步状语从句。故将whatever改为whenever。4. 考查介词。句意：在我看来，学生可以从做家务中受益很多。固定短语“benefit......from...... ”译为“从……中获益”。故在doing前加from。5. 考查时态。句意：首先，做家务有助于我们成为一个负责任的人。根据全文时态可知，本文陈述客观事实需要用一般现在时。主语doing housework为单数，谓语也用单数。故将was改为is。6. 考查动词。句意：同时，这也给了我们的父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情，改善了家庭关系。根据句意可知，此处表达“去做他们喜欢的事情”，动词like译为“喜欢”满足句意；所以动词like前的系动词are多余。故删去are。7. 考查固定搭配。句意：此外，做家务可以是一种从学习中获得精神放松的方式。固定短语“what’s more”译为“此外”。故将most改为more。8. 考查形容词。句意：同时，这也给了我们的父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情，改善了家庭关系。修饰名词relaxation(放松)需要用形容词。故将mentally改为mental。9. 考查人称代词。句意：这是我对家务的看法。根据全文内容以及句意可知，此处表达“这是我对家务的看法”。故将our改为my。10. 考查祈使句。句意：希望这能激发更多关于这个话题的思考！分析句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，所以动词hope需要用动词原形。故将hopes改为hope。