专题09 非谓语动词 -冲刺2022年高考英语重点语法通关练

专题09 非谓语动词（学生版）目录内容Section A真题感悟Section B知识梳理Section C课堂练习Section D课后作业Section E巩固提升 1：语法填空1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 　　　　　　　　(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. 2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They represent the earth 　　　　　(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times 　　　　(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 4.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They are easy 　　　　　　　　(care) for and make great presents. 5.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)The next morning he hired a boat and set out 　　　　(find) the well-known painter. 6.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 　　　　　(surround) the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears. 7.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 　　　　　　　(perform) consistently over a large area. 8.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Scientists have responded by 　　　　　(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are. 9.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman of the Year” for 　　　　　(be)Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week. 10.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene declared she had no plans to 　　　　　(retire) from her 36-year-old business. 11.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)On the last day of our week-long stay,we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,　　　　　(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 12.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 　　　　　(die) early by running. 13.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)You don’t have to run fast or for long 　　　　　(see) the benefit. 14.（2021年全国甲卷语法填空）It is possible  ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.After ______ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!15.（2021年全国乙卷语法填空） …. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:·Minimize the impact of _____(visit)the place. Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim _______(have) a low impact on the natural environment.  （2021年浙江卷语法填空）Although Mary loved flowers, neither she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ______ （plant）flowers in the front yard.   （2021年1月天津卷）China's National Highway 318, ________ （extend）over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, is known as the "heavenly road“ for its amazing views.2：短文改错1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs,and I thought it must be easy to cook.              　　　　　 2.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)My mom told me how to preparing it. 　　　　　 3.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)I tell my mom that if we’re forced eat things,we may become ill.4.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly,say that I had a talent for football.              　　　　　 5.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)I want my cafe have a special theme such as “Tang Dynasty”.6.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)If I succeed in manage one,I will open more. 7.（2021年全国甲卷短文改错）Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others……...   1：考点梳理非谓语动词作主语的用法； 非谓语动词作表语的用法； 非谓语动词作定语的用法；非谓语动词作状语的用法； 非谓语动词作宾语的用法； 非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法。考点1　基本用法种类形式意义特征功能不定式to do主动、将来作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、状语和补语to be done被动、将来to be doing主动、进行to have done主动、完成to have been done被动、完成过去分词done被动、完成作表语、状语、定语和补语动词-ingdoing主动、进行作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语(不作目的状语)和补语being done被动、进行having done主动、完成having been done被动、完成考点2  非谓语动词作主语1. 动词-ing和不定式都可作主语，但动词-ing多表示一般情况，而不定式常指具体情况。Teaching English is my job. To write an email to the manager is my work today. 2. 动词-ing和不定式作主语时，句子前后应保持结构的一致性。Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 3. “there be＋no＋主语”这种结构中通常用动词-ing作主语，而不用不定式。这种结构表示“不可能，无法”，相当于“it is impossible to do sth.”。There is no reasoning with him. 注意：本句型中的no有时可用not any或never any代替。如There is never any telling what will happen in the future. 4. 不定式作主语一般可以用形式主语it代替。To keep healthy is important. ＝It is important to keep healthy. 注意：It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth. 中adj.常为表示不定式行为性质的词(important, impossible, right等)，如：It is impossible for a man to fly by himself. 而It is＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.中adj.为表示人的品质的词(kind, foolish, clever, wrong, wise, nice等)，如It is kind of you to help me with my English. 5. 动词-ing作主语用形式主语it代替时，常在特定结构It is worthwhile/no good/no use/a waste of...中使用。It is a waste of time regretting for the past. 6. 单个不定式、动词-ing作主语时谓语动词用单数；并列不定式或动词-ing作主语时若指整体概念，谓语动词仍用单数。To learn a foreign language well is not easy. Taking exercise does good to your health. Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. 7. “疑问词＋to do”结构可以作主语、宾语和表语。Where to find the lost keys is still a problem. I was wondering how to get there. My problem is when to change the plan. 考点3　　非谓语动词作宾语情况常用动词只接不定式作宾语的动词hope,want,offer,long(渴望),fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen只接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词或短语mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,keep,avoid,risk,resist,consider,can’t help,feel like,succeed in,be fond of,object to,get down to,be engaged in,insist on,think of,be proud of,take pride in,set about,be afraid of,be tired of,look forward to,devote oneself to,be worth,be busy,pay attention to,stick to两者都可以意义相同begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue(接不定式多指具体的动作,接动词-ing形式多指一般或习惯行为)need,want,require,deserve (接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)意义不同stop to do(停下手中正在做的事,去做另一件事)stop doing(停止正在做的事)remember/forget/regret to do(指动作尚未发生)remember/forget/regret doing(指动作已经发生)go on to do(接着做另外一件事)go on doing(接着做同一件事)try to do(设法,努力去做,尽力做)try doing(试着去做)mean to do(打算做,企图做)mean doing(意思是,意味着)考点4　非谓语动词作表语1. 不定式、动词-ing和过去分词均可作表语。但不定式表示具体情况，而动词-ing表示通常状况，动词-ing和过去分词均表示主语的状态。Tony’s plan is to finish his essay by the end of this month. My favourite sport is playing volleyball. The news is very exciting. My jacket is worn out. 2. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：My money is stolen. (主系表结构，表状态或结果，多为一般时态)My money was stolen by an unemployed guy. (被动语态表被动的动作)3. 动词-ing作表语与进行时态的区别：His favorite sport is playing football. (主系表结构)His behavior is pleasing. (主系表结构)He is playing football. (现在进行时)4. 形容词化的过去分词和动词-ing很多情感化的过去分词和动词-ing在使用中都已转化成为形容词，用作表语或状语。一般而言，动词-ing表属性，过去分词表心理活动，常见的有：interest, move, touch, worry, inspire, encourage, disappoint, please, satisfy, bore, tire, invite, puzzle, confuse, entertain, relax, amuse, amaze, surprise, astonish, shock, embarrass, terrify, frighten, scare, discourage, annoy, exhaust等。The pictures on the wall interest me. The pictures on the wall are interesting. I am interested in the pictures on the wall. 考点5　非谓语动词作状语形式类别例句不定式目的、原因、条件、结果My parents will be delighted to see you.(条件)I come here only to say good-bye to you.(目的)We’re proud to be young people of China.(原因)动词-ing形式时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况Being a teacher,you should help your students in every way.(原因)He comes home late every evening,making his wife very angry.(结果)Using your head,you’ll find a good way.(条件)Working so hard,he failed again.(让步)They eat using the fingers of their right hands.(方式)He sat in the armchair,reading a newspaper.(伴随)过去分词时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、结果、让步Born in a poor family,Nadia had only two years of schooling.(原因)When asked her future plans,the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher.(时间)Some medicines,if wrongly taken,can kill a person.(条件)Encouraged by his parents,he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.(让步)The patient got off the bed,supported by the nurse.(方式)The girl met with an accident when crossing the road,wounded in the head.(结果)考点5　非谓语动词作定语1. 单个动词-ing和过去分词作定语，应置于被修饰的名词前。a sleeping boy(动词-ing作定语表示被修饰名词的性质或状态)fallen leaves(不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示结果)the broken glass(及物动词的过去分词作定语既表示被动又表示完成)2. 动词-ing短语、过去分词短语和不定式作定语，应置于被修饰的名词之后。The person speaking_now is our manager. (正在讲话)The person to_speak is our manager. (将要讲话)The room already_repaired is my office. (已经维修)The room being_repaired is my office. (正在维修)The room to_be_repaired is my office. (将要维修)注意：①修饰序数词或被序数词修饰的词只能用不定式作定语。如：Lucy is always the first to come. ②在句型have/give/find/need/want＋宾语＋to do中，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。如：I have a lot of work to do today. ③There be句型中的非谓语动词作定语，表意如下：There is much work to do /to be done. (将要做)There is a white dog running on the playground. (正在跑)There were people killed in the accident. (已经丧生)④有些名词常接不定式作定语，如have the ability/the right/the chance/the courage/no time to do...考点6　非谓语动词作补足语形式常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句wish,want,ask,require/request,order,warn,allow/permit,forbid,expect,remind,encourage,inspire,call on,depend on(接带to的不定式作宾语补足语)主谓关系(表主动)。强调动作即将发生或已经完成We depend on you to help us out of trouble.I made him do his work.→He was made to do his work (by me).They saw the boy fall suddenly off the tree.→The boy was seen to fall suddenly off the tree.see,hear,watch,feel,notice,look at等感官动词(词组)和let,make,have等使役动词后面,不定式作宾语补足语时要省略to。这样的动词可归纳为:五看:watch,see,look at,observe,notice;三让:let,make,have;二听:hear,listen to;一感觉:feel。注意:当以上动词用于被动语态的句子中时,to要还原动词-ing形式notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel主谓关系(表主动)。强调动作正在进行,尚未完成I found her listening to the radio when I passed by.过去分词动宾关系(表被动)。动作已经完成,多强调状态We found the village greatly changed. 一、单句改错1. I was determined to working hard to realize my dream.2. Ride bikes can help us keep in good health. 3. This advancing method has been introduced in every factory. 4. She kept the lamb tying to a tree during the day and went to fetch it every evening. 5. I’m often a little tired after a day’s work and watch TV can’t interest me at all. 6. Before driving your car, you are required to get it washing. 7. Stand in a long queue, we waited for the store to open. 8. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but meet an even greater challenge. 9. One learns a language by making mistakes and correct them. 10. Film has a much shorter history, especially when comparing to such art forms as music and painting. 　二、单句语法填空1. This produced a chain reaction, which made it difficult for life ____________ (develop). 2. He had looked forward to ____________ (meet) her all day, and now he was alone with his roses and chocolates, like a fool. 3. This means ____________ (go) back to the place where we left before. 4. Your voice must be loud enough ____________ (hear) by all. 5. At this moment, they see a penniless young man ____________ (wander) on the pavement outside their house. 6. He was quiet in the car, completely ____________ (absorb) in his own thoughts. 7. Jack was ____________ (surprise) to find that no one was there to greet him. 8. ____________ (judge) from his accent, he must be from America. 9. She took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only ____________ (find) it didn’t fit. 10. The boy pretend ____________ (read) when his mother entered.   一、单句改错1. George returned after the war, only to be telling that his wife had left there. 2. Gather around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. 3. Know some basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. 4. I was worrying about the coming final examination. 5. Tom was made clean the classroom for a week. 6. The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without recognized. 7. It’s common for a company like this to employed a security officer. 8. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. 9. As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me. 10. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud. 二：语法填空1. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _______ (seat) as the plane was making a landing. 2. The Town Hall ____________ (complete) in the 1800s was the most distinguishing building at that time. 3. There is nothing more I can try ____________ (persuade) you to stay, so I wish you good luck. 4. Unfortunately, his father died, ____________ (leave) the family even worse off. 5. I would appreciate your ____________ (call) back this afternoon. 6. The next thing he saw was smoke ____________ (rise) from behind the house. 7. I knew he didn’t listen to me, but I went on ____________ (hope) to get him interested in the proposal. 8. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ____________ (finish), he gladly accepted it. 9. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk ____________ (lose) the job opportunity. 10. I could hardly stand ____________ (live) alone in the mountain.  1：语法填空1.　　　　　(dress) in a white uniform,he looks more like a cook than a doctor. 2.I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise 　　　　　(go) on. 3.Tom sounds very much 　　　　　(interest) in the job,but I’m not sure whether he can manage it. 4.He hurried to the station only 　　　　　(find) that the train had left. 5.The repairs cost a lot,but it’s money well 　　　　　(spend). 2：短文改错1.Modern people know more about health,have better food,and to live in clearer surroundings2.Suddenly Mary,my best friend,asked me to let her to copy my answers. 　　　　　 3.He had time for a proper breakfast and was still the first reach the factory.4.I’d like very much come but I have an examination on Monday morning.5.My parents love me of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.3：篇章训练（A）The annual Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival is Harbin’s main tourist highlight. It is the world’s biggest winter festival. The    1    (bitter) cold winters are just right for this festival.    2    sets the Harbin festival apart is the scale and size of the sculptures and the    3    (beauty) lighting. It is bigger than    4    ones in Sapporo, Norway, and Quebec.At first, mainly Chinese participated, but in the last decade, it    5    (become) an international festival and     6    (compete). As the festival grows in international participation, and as China’s economy grows, the size of the snow sculptures and ice architecture exhibits keeps    7    (grow). The work going into making those exhibits is astonishing, and their size and beauty is amazing.The lightning    8    (effect) on the huge ice sculptures in the Ice and Snow World are technologically complex.Officially the festival    9    (hold) from the end of December through February. Opening dates keep changing, and ending dates partly depends    10    the weather.The Sun Island Scenic Area will be opened from Dec. 21 to Feb. 28.（B）Dear Dr. Brown,Thank you for your selfless and impatient guidance to our broadcast station. Now, with its ten anniversary approaching, I'm writing to sincere invite you to participate in the celebration. With full preparations making by all members, the celebration will take place at 9:00 a. m. next Friday in the school hall. It was expected to be a big feast. Not only will cover the review of the past ten years' achievements, but also a number of wonderful performance are added. However, to make it even more unforgettable, we'd like you, our respected consultant, to deliver it a speech in the end. I'm looking forward to see you soon. Yours,Li Hua