专题05 形容词与副词_备战2022年小升初英语必考语法和题型

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专题05  形容词与副词一一、形容词副词的概念形容词是用来__________________________，从而说明人或事物的_______、_________或_______的词。副词是用来________________________________，使其_________、____________、___________地描述动作或整个事情进行情况的词。二、形容词副词的分类 频率副词：always (总是)、usually (通常)、often (时常)、sometimes (有时候)等副词 方式副词：carefully (仔细地)、happily (开心地)    两种副词存在“形容词+ly”结构程度副词：very (很；非常)、so (如此)、really (真的很)等考点1：形容词、副词的用法1. 形容词用法(1) 形容词一般在句中作定语，放在名词前，意思是“… …的”。如：________________一个优秀的男孩  ________________一本有趣的书(2) 作表语时放在系动词后。如：________________________________那个女孩是快乐的。(3) 形容词修饰不定代词时形容词后置。如： There’s something wrong with my bike. 我的自行车出问题了。   小学阶段常见的不定代词有_____________, _____________, _____________, ___________等。(4) 有些名词加-y可变成形容词。如：rain—_________(下雨的) snow—_________(下雪的)cloud—_________(阴天的) salt—_________(咸的)sun—_________(晴朗的)  wind—_________(有风的)2. 副词用法(1) 副词一般修饰动词，可以放在句子前面，中间或最后。如：They live happily.他们幸福地生活着。(happily 快乐地，幸福地，修饰动词live)They are listening to the teacher carefully. 他们在认真地听老师讲。(carefully 认真地，修饰动词listen)温馨提示：连系动词不用副词修饰，直接加形容词作表语。常见的连系动词有：am/is/are, look等。如：You look happy.你看起来很开心。(2) 一般情况下___________可变成副词。如：quick—_________(快速地) slow—_________(慢慢地)quiet—_________(安静地) careful—_________(仔细地)温馨提示：以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，__________________。 如：lucky—_________(安静地) heavy—_________(安静地)(3) 并不是以ly结尾的单词都是副词，_________可变成形容词。如：friend—_________(友好的) sister—_________(姐妹般的)brother—_________(兄弟般的) love—_________(可爱的)考点2：形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则1. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的规则变化变化规则原级比较级最高级一般情况下，直接在原词后-er， 或加-esttallquick  以不发音的e结尾的单音节词，比较级在原词后加-r，最高级在原词后加-stnicelarge  以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i, 再加-er或-estdryheavy  重读闭音节结尾的形容词或副词，要双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er或-estthinfatbig  多音节和部分双音节在词前加 more或 mostdelicious  2. 常见形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的不规则变化：原  级比较级最高级good; well  badly; bad ; ill  many ; much  little  far  考点3：形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法(一)  原级比较___________________________(1) 肯定句结构：A be as...as B， 表示“和...一样”   Peter is______ __________ _______Daming. 彼得和大明一样帅气。(2) 否定句结构：A be not …so/as…as B   表示“A和B不一样或A比不上B”  如：
　 He ________run ______ _______ ______you. 他没你跑得快。(二) 比较级的几种用法(1)  “________________________________” 意思为“A比B更……”。如：My pen is ________ ________yours . 我的笔比你的便宜。Tom runs ________ ________you. 汤姆比你要跑得快。(2) 进行选择性比较时，可用“_______________________________________ ?”表示“A和B中，哪一个/ 谁更……..?”。 如：Who is ________(tall), Lucy or Lily? 露西和丽莉谁更高？(3) “________________________”或“______________________________”表示“越来越……”如：　 It becomes ________ ________ ________when spring comes.春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。(4) “________________________”，表示“越……越……”  如：________ ________money you make, ________ ________you spend.钱你赚得越多，花得越多。温馨提示：a bit, a little, much, a lot, still, even 可修饰形容词或者副词的比较级。Peter is much ________(tall) than Daming.  彼得比大明高得多。 (三) 最高级用法形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示_______________________________，表示“最……”的意思。句子中有________________。如：________________, ________________等。结构：(1) Who + be + the + 形容词最高级，A, B or C? 表示“ABC中谁最…..? ”Who is ________________ (beautiful)girl, Lily, Lucy or Lingling? 丽莉、露西和玲玲谁是最漂亮的？(2) Which + be + the + 形容词最高级，A, B or C? 表示“ABC中哪一个最…..?”   Which bag is________________(heavy), the yellow one, the red one or the black one？　　哪个包包最重，黄色的，红色的还是黑色的？(3) A + 谓语 + the + 形容词/副词最高级 + 表示范围的短语(of/ in…) . 表示“A在哪一范围内是最…..?” 如：He is____________(tall) in our class. 他在我们班里是最高的。温馨提示：1.形容词最高级前________________，而副词最高级前________________。2.形容词最高级可用作表语，这时定冠词the可以省略。如：I think her plan is best. 我认为她的计划最好。He runs (the) fastest in his class. 他是班上跑得最快的。  基础训练(限时15分钟  满分25分) 一、写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级形式。(每小题1分，共10分) 1. nice _________ __________        2. slow __________ __________3. bad/ill ________ _________        4. heavy ___________ _________5. hot _________ __________        6. beautiful _________ _________7. far _________ ___________           8. good/well ________ _________9. thin ________ ___________           10. much/ many ________ _______二、单项选择题。(每小题1分，共10分) (   ) 1. Which subject do you like________, Chinese or English? A. good      B. better       C. well         D. best(   ) 2. This red rose is _________ of all flowers. A. beautifuller      B. much more beautiful   C. the most beautiful               D. beautiful(   ) 3. He is ________ student in his class. A. good       B. better          C. the best      D. best(   ) 4. The weather is _________ in winter in Beijing. A. warm        B. cold            C. hot            D. cool(   ) 5. Lingling is a __________ dancer and she dances _________. A. good；well   B. well；well     C. well,；good     D. good；good (   ) 6. John fails his match test. He feels _________.A. angry        B. bored           C. sad            D. happy(   ) 7. The jacket is old. Let’s buy a _________ one.A. new         B. old           C. short          D. long (   ) 8. Look! The bee ________ than the bird.A. fly higher    B. is flying higher   C. as high as        D. flies higher (   ) 9. Tom usually goes to school by bike, but_________ he goes to school by bus.A. always    B. sometimes    C. never         D. often (   ) 10. This building is _________ that tree.A. so tall as     B. as tall as         C. so taller as       D. as taller as三、根据句意，用所给词的正确形式填空。(每空1分，共5分) 1. Winter is _________ (cold) season of the year.2. Jim works _________ (hard), but his brother works _________ (hard) than him. 3. This radio is not so __________ (cheap) as that one.4. It’s much _________ (hot) today than it was yesterday.5. Please listen to me __________ (careful).巩固提升(限时20分钟  满分30分) 一、把下列形容词变成副词。(每小题1分，共12分) 1. good__________    2.bad__________    3.easy____________      4. loud _________ 5.slow __________     6. deep_________    7.careful ___________   8.sad  ___________ 9.real___________     10. lucky ________ 11. nice ___________   12.heavy___________二、从方框中选择适当的副词填空，每个词只能用一次。(每空1分，共5分) carefully     politely      easily       happily      suddenly 1. Lucy spoke __________ to her teacher.2. They are playing ___________ in the beach.3. You should listen to the radio _________. 4. We can find the key _____________. 5. The driver braked (刹车)_________ when he saw a dog ahead.三、用所给词的适当形式填空。(每题1分，共5分) 1. Which is___________ (heavy), the elephant or the pig? 2. Who gets up___________ (late), Tim or Tom? 3. —________the girls get up________ (early) than the boys yesterday?  —No, they ________.4. Please listen to your teacher _________ (careful).
5. The child doesn’t________ (write) as ________ (fast) as the students.四、根据题意翻译下列句子。(每空1分，共8分) 1.这本书比那本书好。This book is __________ _________ that one.2.他游泳没有他哥哥快。He can’t swim _________ _________ _________ his brother.3.今天比昨天要冷得多。It is _________ _________ today_________ it was yesterday.