专题13 议论文-冲刺 高考英语阅读理解专项复习

这是一份专题13 议论文-冲刺 高考英语阅读理解专项复习，文件包含冲刺2021年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解第三模块议论文类解析卷docx、冲刺2021年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解第三模块议论文类原题卷docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共37页， 欢迎下载使用。
Passage 1（2021·浙江高三月考）
T many peple, hney bees symblize develpment, sustainability (可持续性) and envirnmentalism. But as a hney bee researcher, I have t tell yu that nly the first item n that list is reasnable. Althugh they are imprtant fr agriculture, hney bees als damage natural ecsystems by cmpeting with native bees — sme f which are species at risk.
The rise in hney beekeeping, nw a ppular activity fr hundreds f thusands f Americans, fllwed strng awareness campaigns t “save the bees.” But as a species, hney bees are least in need f saving. Media attentin unfairly cvers them ver native bees, and vague messaging has led many citizens — myself nce included — t believe they are ding a gd thing fr the envirnment by putting n a beekeeper’s veil. Unfrtunately, they are prbably ding mre harm than gd.
“Beekeeping is fr peple; it’s nt a cnservatin practice,” says Sheila Clla, an assistant prfessr and cnservatin bilgist at Trnt’s Yrk University, Canada. “Peple mistakenly think keeping hney bees, r helping hney bees, is smehw helping the native bees, which are at risk f extinctin.” She is frustrated the nes in mre nen n saving hney bees when, frm a cnservatinist’s pint f view, native bees are the nes in mre need f supprt.
Fr sme reasn, maybe because they are small, hney bees are nt generally viewed as the massively distributed livestck animal that they are. There are millins f hney bee clnies in Nrth America, 2.8 millin f which are in the U.S. Apprximating arund 30,000 bees per clny (the size f a pllinatin unit), that’s rughly a billin hney bees in Canada and the U.S. alne — almst triple the number f peple. High densities f hney bee clnies increase cmpetitin between native bees, putting even mre pressure n the wild species that are already in decline.
I used t believe that hney bees were a gateway species, and that cncern ver their health and develpment wuld spill ver nt native bees, benefitting them, t. While this may have happened in sme cases, evidence is increasing that misguided enthusiasm fr hney bees has likely been t the native bees’ damage. Beekeeping desn’t make me feel gd, anymre. In fact, quite the ppsite.
1．What makes bee keeping gain great ppularity amng Americans?
A．Several campaigns have been launched t advcate bee saving.
B．Citizens believe native bees are n lnger in need f prtectin.
C．Little imprtance are attached t prtecting the envirnment.
D．Citizens hpe t make a frtune frm the bee keeping business.
2．What is the Clla’s pssible attitude twards the beekeeping?
A．Objective.B．Unfavrable.C．Supprtive.D．Neutral.
3．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．The authr’s attitude twards the beekeeping has changed.
B．Peple’s enthusiasm fr keeping hney bees is increasing.
C．In sme cases evidence has prved hney bees are in danger.
D．Keeping native bees is f great benefit t peple’s health.
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章介绍了如今养蜂在美国人中非常流行，但研究表明，对蜜蜂的错误热情很可能对野生蜜蜂造成损害。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“The rise in hney beekeeping, nw a ppular activity fr hundreds f thusands f Americans, fllwed strng awareness campaigns t “save the bees.”(因为“拯救蜜蜂”的强烈宣传运动，养蜂业兴起，如今已成为数十万美国人的热门活动)”可知，已经发起的几项倡导拯救蜜蜂的运动使养蜂在美国人中大受欢迎。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中Sheila Clla的话“Beekeeping is fr peple; it’s nt a cnservatin practice,(养蜂是为人服务的，它不是一种保护行为)”和“Peple mistakenly think keeping hney bees, r helping hney bees, is smehw helping the native bees, which are at risk f extinctin.(人们错误地认为饲养蜜蜂，或者帮助蜜蜂，在某种程度上是在帮助那些濒临灭绝的本土蜜蜂)”可推知，Clla对养蜂可能持反对态度。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“I used t believe that hney bees were a gateway species, and that cncern ver their health and develpment wuld spill ver nt native bees, benefitting them, t. While this may have happened in sme cases, evidence is increasing that misguided enthusiasm fr hney bees has likely been t the native bees’ damage. Beekeeping desn’t make me feel gd, anymre. In fact, quite the ppsite.(我曾经相信蜜蜂是一个门户物种，对它们的健康和发展的关注会波及到野生蜜蜂，也会使它们受益。虽然这种情况在某些情况下可能发生过，但越来越多的证据表明，对蜜蜂的错误热情很可能对野生蜜蜂造成了损害。养蜂不再让我感觉好了。事实上，恰恰相反)”可推知，作者对养蜂的态度已经改变了。故选A项。
Passage 2（2021·辽宁高三开学考试）
In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and pssibly all advanced life frms n the planet, culd be wiped ut by nuclear missiles. Tday, hwever, envirnmental prblems have taken ver as the greatest risk t life n Earth. Scientists are thinking f ways t lwer this risk, such as replacing cal and il with frms f renewable energy. But they are als preparing fr the wrst: what can we d if the terrifying scenes in films such as The Day After Tmrrw happen in real life? What is ur plan B fr Earth?
One ptin is t explre ther planets t see if we culd live n them. The mst likely chice is Mars, which is relatively clse t Earth and has an envirnment less hstile than that f ther planets. Mars has fascinated peple since ancient times, and tday ur interest in Martian explratin is greater than ever befre. Besides, mre gvernments are making effrts t educate the public n the Red Planet.
There is n dubt that humankind is drawn twards Mars. Hwever, sending peple there will require all the skill, curage and intelligence. While the Mn can be reached within days, it wuld take mnths t reach Mars, travelling thrugh dangerus slar radiatin. And even if the first settlers d reach Mars safely, they may nt be able t return t Earth — ever. Staying alive will be a daily challenge, but as prved by the Bisphere 2 experiment, nt impssible. As early as the 1980s, scientists were building Bisphere 2 in the Arizna desert, cnsisting f a clsed space in which peple, animals and plants culd live tgether. Althugh the tw-year experiment was nt a success, it did prvide us with a better understanding f hw humans might be able t live n anther planet.
Fr nw, human settlement f Mars is still decades away. Until we are finally able t live n anther planet, we need t take much better care f ur wn. Right nw, it's the nly ne we have!
4．What was the biggest threat t humans in the 1960s and 1970s?
A．Human race themselves.B．All advanced life frms.
C．Nuclear missiles.D．Envirnmental prblems.
5．Why is Mars s attractive t scientists?
A．It's clsest t the earth. B．It has relatively apprpriate living cnditins.
C．It has drawn the public's attentin in recent years. D．It has a mre hstile envirnment.
6．What can be inferred frm the passage?
A．Humans have visited Mars.
B．The Bisphere 2 experiment prved t be valueless.
C．Humans will have t g and live n anther planet.
D．Our Plan A includes develping renewable energy resurces.
7．Frm which magazine wuld the passage prbably be taken?
A．The Traveler.B．Envirnmental Cncerns.
C．All Abut Space.D．Bilgy fr Fun,
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了面对环境问题，科学家们所想的解决办法以及可能存在的问题。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and pssibly all advanced life frms n the planet, culd be wiped ut by nuclear missiles.”可知，在20世纪60年代和70年代，最大的恐惧是人类，甚至可能是地球上所有的高级生命形式，可能会被核导弹消灭。由此可知，当时人类最大的威胁是核导弹。故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“One ptin is t explre ther planets t see if we culd live n them. The mst likely chice is Mars, which is relatively clse t Earth and has an envirnment less hstile than that f ther planets. Mars has fascinated peple since ancient times…”可知，自古以来，火星就吸引着人们。因为火星离地球相对较近，而且与其他行星相比环境也不那么恶劣。由此推知，火星有相对适宜的生活条件。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Scientists are thinking f ways t lwer this risk, such as replacing cal and il with frms f renewable energy. But they are als preparing fr the wrst: what can we d if the terrifying scenes in films such as The Day After Tmrrw happen in real life? What is ur plan B fr Earth?”可知，面对环境问题，科学家们在考虑降低风险的方法。例如，用可更新能源来取代煤和石油。但是同时科学家们也为最坏的情况做好了准备。他们也准备了B计划。由此可知，用可更新能源来取代煤和石油属于A计划。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Tday, hwever, envirnmental prblems have taken ver as the greatest risk t life n Earth(今天，环境问题是地球生命的最大威胁)”、第二段中的“One ptin is t explre ther planets t see if we culd live n them.(一个选择就是探索其他星球看看是否我们可以在上面居住)”、第三段中的“Hwever, sending peple there will require all the skill, curage and intelligence.(但是把人们送到那里需要技术、勇气和智力)”可知，该段主要探讨的是如何解决环境问题。那么，这样的文章最有可能出现在和环境有关的杂志上。故选B。
Passage 3（2021·四川绵阳市·高三月考）
A mix f anxiety rising in my chest and a vice at the back f my mind shuting ‘what’s wrng with me?’ –it’s hw I’ve felt abut rejectin my whle life.
The earliest rejectin I can remember was n my first day f schl. I started the term late due t illness and the teacher asked the class wh wuld play with me at break. The silence was deafening. Nw, a bit f nline dating sees us rejected by half the twn befre we've even started ur day. There's nt a break at wrk. Is there a wrse feeling than hitting the final slide n yur presentatin, bldly asking 'any questins?' and lking arund the rm t see everyne n their phnes?
We need t build resilience. Fr me, this has cme in tw stages. First, I spent time listening t the vice f fear that saw each rejectin as prf that there was smething wrng with me. When I analysed it, I culd see it was rarely abut me. Perhaps the guy I was talking t was t busy t reply. It was likely that the magazine I'd sent a passage t already had an article n that tpic. Nw, I assume it's abut me 20 per cent f the time - and I can live with that.
The ther thing I d is practice rejecting. Because I hate rejectin, I shy away frm being the rejectr, which means I either please peple r avid tricky situatins. Instead, I've cme up with a few lines fr when I want t say n: 'That sunds great but it's nt fr me; thank yu fr asking but I decline; it was lvely but I think we shuld leave it there.' It's never pleasant t reject a persn but there is a kind way t d it. With resilience and clarity, we can see the plus sides f rejectin: it frees us up t d smething else, be with smene else and be happier. We can't cmplain abut that.
8．What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．The examples f the authr's being rejected. B．The experiences f the authr's nline dating.
C．The reasns f the authr's lateness fr schl. D．The feelings f the authr's being ignred at wrk.
9．What did the authr find after analyzing the reasn f rejectin?
A．He culd live with it.B．It was partly abut him.
C．He did smething wrng.D．It had nthing t d with him.
10．What might be the authr's advice when yu reject thers?
A．D it with resilience and clarity. B．Cme up with a few pleasant lines.
C．Please thers r avid tricky situatins. D．Shw yur kindness and dn't cmplain.
11．What is ne f the benefits f rejectin?
A．It enables us t live.B．It gives us mre time.
C．It has sme plus sides.D．It des smething else.
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要谈论了人际交往中被拒绝的现象、分析原因并给出有关拒绝的建议。
8．主旨大意题。第一段中“–it’s hw I’ve felt abut rejectin my whle life.”（——这就是我对被拒绝的感觉。）点明文章主题，交往中被拒绝的现象，根据第二段“The earliest rejectin I can remember was n my first day f schl.”（我记得第一次被拒绝是在我上学的第一天。）和“Nw, a bit f nline dating sees us rejected by half the twn befre we've even started ur day.”（而现在，我们还没开始一天的约会就被镇上一半的人拒绝了。）以及“Is there a wrse feeling than hitting the final slide n yur presentatin, bldly asking ‘any questins?’ and lking arund the rm t see everyne n their phnes?”（还有什么比在演讲的最后一张幻灯片上大胆地问“有什么问题吗?”然后环顾四周，看到每个人都在玩手机?）可知，本段是作者举了一些被拒绝的事例。故选A项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“When I analysed it, I culd see it was rarely abut me.”（当我分析它的时候，我发现它很少是关于我的。）可知，作者分析了被拒绝的原因之后，发现被拒绝与他没有什么关系。故选D项。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段中“We need t build resilience.”（我们需要建立韧性。）和最后一段中“ It’s never pleasant t reject a persn but there is a kind way t d it. With resilience and clarity, we can see the plus sides f rejectin: it frees us up t d smething else, be with smene else and be happier.” (拒绝别人从来都不是一件令人愉快的事，但却有一种友好的方式。有了弹性和清晰度，我们可以看到拒绝的好处：它让我们有时间做其他的事情，和别人在一起，变得更快乐。)可知，作者会建议，当拒绝别人的时候要有弹性和清晰度。故选A项。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“With resilience and clarity, we can see the plus sides f rejectin: it frees us up t d smething else, be with smene else and be happier.”(有了弹性和清晰度，我们可以看到拒绝的好处：它让我们有时间做其他的事情，和别人在一起，变得更快乐。)可知，拒绝的好处之一是它给我们更多的时间。故选B项。
Passage 4（2021·江苏扬州市·高三月考）
Frm this issue, we explre why the Search fr Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute hasn't turned up anything since its funding in the 1980s. (See page 30 fr mre.) We asked ur Facebk fllwers: D yu think that astrnmers will find evidence f alien life in yur lifetime?
Lran McCrmick: 1 think they already have it. Judging by the sudden industrializatin, I figure they fund smething that's prbably been here since befre humans walked the Earth.
Jens Avery: We may find life, but it may nt want anything t d with us. We are nt very advanced and can't even get alng with each ther.
Steven Buhrw: I think the mre imprtant questin is — will any gvernment ever publicly admit it in ur lifetime? I fully believe that we culd discver alien life tday and the gvernment wuld simply say the public is nt ready fr this infrmatin.
Jenna Walsh: I think we already see it, but just dn't realize what it is. Intelligent alien life prbably desn't want anything t d with the disaster that is Earth at this pint, s n dubt they're playing it safe and bserving frm a safe distance.
Christpher Harvey: By alien life, d yu mean intelligent alien life? Then n. It wuld be extremely hard t find, shrt f them cming dwn t Earth. But if yu mean unintelligent alien life, like bacteria r single cell, we might.
12．Why did we ask the Facebk fllwers the questin?
A．T questin the efficiency f SETI. B．T cnfirm the appearance f aliens n earth.
C．T ensure the existence f aliens. D．T cmplain abut the failure t find aliens.
13．Wh dubts the ever visits f aliens t the earth?
A．Lran McCrmick.B．Steven Buhrw.
C．Jenna Walsh.D．Christpher Harvey.
14．Where des this text prbably cme frm?
A．An album.B．A science fictin.
C．A magazine.D．A travel guide.
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要是关于外星人是否存在的讨论。
12．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Frm this issue, we explre why the Search fr Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute hasn't turned up anything since its funding in the 1980s.(从这一期开始，我们就来探究为什么自上世纪80年代成立以来，外星智能探索研究所(SETI)一直没有发现任何东西)”可知，SETI这个项目上世纪80年代后就没有现身说法了，可推断，问Facebk的粉丝这个问题是质疑其是否取得进展。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据Christpher Harvey的陈述“By alien life, d yu mean intelligent alien life? Then n.(你说的外星生命，是指有智慧的外星生命吗？那么就是没有)”可知，Christpher Harvey否认了有智力的外星生物的存在。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，这是一个问题和讨论，不会出现在专辑、科幻小说或者导游手册里，只可能出现在杂志上。故选C。
Passage 5（2021·江西高三月考）
Have yu ever seen yur favurite celebrity talking abut a prduct n scial media? These endrsements (名人代言) might nt be randm, but are actually seen as a vital part f the marketing prcess. Human desire fr status and making friends, cmbined with ur need t belng t a grup, makes us easy t be “scially influenced”. Cmpanies ften use that desire t have a similar lifestyle t a celebrity t sell r launch a prduct. S, what d these endrsements actually d?
Firstly, they can be used t build brand awareness. A scial media influencer shuld have a strng understanding f the platfrm they perate n, and therefre can create engaging cntent that nt nly sticks t the brand image, but sparks their fllwers' interests in a prduct they might never have seen befre.
Secndly, influencers can imprve a cmpany r prduct's relatinship with their custmer base. Accrding t a reprt n custmer lyalty, 77% f buyers have been brand lyal fr mre than ten years. This is als true f 60% f millennials. A ppular celebrity can target key custmers and talk r blg abut a prduct, which can create an instant and lasting bnd with the cnsumer.
Lasty, influencers can imprve custmer buying habits with seemingly “fair pinins”. We are mre likely t respnd t “peer recmmendatin” than traditinal ads, meaning the fact we see an influencer as a “friend” can make us less likely t be sceptical abut what we are seeing.
S, next time yu see a celebrity talking abut a prduct, yu might want t cnsider this culd be a carefully crafted marketing strategy designed t target yur cre needs. If yu find yurself perusing a prduct yu've seen n scial media, yu may well have been influenced.
15．What factrs make “scial influence” s effective?
A．The need fr scial psitin and belnging. B．The need t jin a grup and be accmpanied.
C．The need t have a famus and successful career. D．The need fr famus friends and a gd reputatin.
16．Why can scial influencers make cntent appealing?
A．Because they are friendly and easy t apprach.
B．Because they have a gd knwledge f the prduct.
C．Because they can spark peple's interests in what they use.
D．Because they knw hw t make use f the platfrm they wrk n.
17．Hw d influencers affect ur buying habits?
A．By imprving the quality f the prduct.
B．By building a gd relatinship with us.
C．By giving fair pinins n the prduct they are selling.
D．By making us cnvinced f what they talk r blg abut.
18．What f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．D scial influencers affect ur buying? B．Are we persuaded int buying prducts?
C．D celebrities make a fl f their fllwers? D．Are we aware f the designed marketing strategy?
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了“社交媒体影响力” 对个人购买行为的影响。
15．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Human desire fr status and making friends, cmbined with ur need t belng t a grup, makes us easy t be “scially influenced”.(人类对地位和交友的渴望，加上我们属于一个群体的需要，使我们很容易受到“社会影响”)”可知，人们对社会地位和归属感的需要使“社会影响”变得有效。故选A项。
16．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A scial media influencer shuld have a strng understanding f the platfrm they perate n, and therefre can create engaging cntent that nt nly sticks t the brand image, but sparks their fllwers' interests in a prduct they might never have seen befre.(社交媒体影响者应该对自己运营的平台有深刻的理解，因此能够创造出吸引人的内容，不仅能坚持品牌形象，还能激发粉丝对他们从未见过的产品的兴趣)”可知，有社会影响力的人知道如何利用他们工作的平台，因此可以让内容具有吸引力。故选D项。
17．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“A ppular celebrity can target key custmers and talk r blg abut a prduct, which can create an instant and lasting bnd with the cnsumer.(一个受欢迎的名人可以瞄准关键客户，谈论或博客上的产品，这可以与消费者建立即时和持久的联系)”可知，有影响力的人通过让客户相信他们所说的或博客上的内容来影响客户的购买习惯。故选D项。
18．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“If yu find yurself perusing a prduct yu've seen n scial media, yu may well have been influenced.(如果你发现自己在浏览社交媒体上看到的产品，你很可能受到了影响)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了“社交媒体影响力” 对个人购买行为的影响，D scial influencers affect ur buying?(社交影响者会影响我们的购买行为吗？)与文章主旨一致。故选A项。
Passage 6（2021·江苏南通市·高三期末）
Maurice Drun f the French Academy nce prpsed that French shuld be made the principal legal language f the Eurpean Unin (EU). He argued that its lgic and precisin made it the excellent judicial language. Others laughed. Hw very French f him!
The French are hardly alne in believing that their language is especially petic,emtinal. lgical,precise,accessible r rich.But it turns ut that the things peple prize in their wn languages can ften be the same things freign learners hate.Take the frmal-infrmal distinctin in wrds fr "yu". German and French have du and tu fr friends and family,and sie and vus fr unknwn adults and frmal speech. Natives f thse languages miss that distinctin when speaking English. Thse whse languages (like English) dn't make it in the first place ften resent having this chice frced n them in French r German.
Linguists(语言学家）believe that languages differ nt in what they can express,but in what they must. Given the time and willingness t explain r invent basic terms,any language culd be used t talk abut anything. But they vary wildly in what they insist speakers say,with the tu-yus distinctin being just the tip f the iceberg Wash,a native language f Nevada,has fur past and three future tenses,depending n hw distant an event is in time.Tariana,frm Brazil,has “evidentiality”：speakers chse ne f five verb-endings t shw hw they knw what they state t be true. Jarawara, als frm Brazil, distinguishes “we (including yu)"and“we (withut yu)".
Languages, R M.W. Dixn f James Ck University in Australia says, are like a Western-style huse.There are a few rms yu must have (kitchen,bedrm,living rm, bathrm), and sme ptinal (ffice, guest rm). On a fixed budget, we can't have all the extras. As t which language is a “best” ne, he thinks we shuld make ur wn list f desirable features,and then clsely examine a few languages t decide whether ne has mre f them than anther.But the list f advantages is itself a matter f judgment.
19．What was thers' reactin t Maurice Drun's prpsal?
A．They argued fiercely with him. B．They dismissed it with a laugh.
C．They tried t study French thrughly. D．They chse t cnsult a language expert.
20．The underlined wrd “resent” in Paragraph 2 is clsest in meaning t“
A．cnsiderB．avidC．frgetD．hate
21．Which language speakers use different verb-endings t express their varied certainty?
A．German.B．Wash.C．TarianaD．Jarawara.
22．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．Which language is the best?Yu decide
B．Are Eurpean languages superir?Yu bet
C．Are mre cmplicated languages mre precise?
D．Which language shuld be the judicial language f the EU?
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。对于是否应使法语成为欧盟的主要法律语言展开讨论，由此对语言优势劣势进行分析，每个人都有各自的判断。
19．细节理解题。根据第一段“Others laughed. Hw very French f him!”（其他人都笑了。他真是个法国人!）可知，其他人对莫里斯·德鲁昂的提议一笑置之。故选B项。
20．词义猜测题。根据第二段“But it turns ut that the things peple prize in their wn languages can ften be the same things freign learners hate.”（但事实证明，人们在母语中珍视的东西，往往也是外国学习者讨厌的东西。）可猜测，下文的resent与“讨厌”意思相近。故选D项。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段“Tariana, frm Brazil, has “evidentiality”：speakers chse ne f five verb-endings t shw hw they knw what they state t be true.”（来自巴西的Tariana有“证据性”：说话者从五个动词结尾中选择一个来表明他们如何知道他们所说的是真的。）可知，Tariana的使用者使用不同的动词结尾来表达他们不同的确定性。故选C项。
22．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“As t which language is a “best” ne, he thinks we shuld make ur wn list f desirable features, and then clsely examine a few languages t decide whether ne has mre f them than anther.”（至于哪一种语言是“最好的”语言，他认为我们应该列出自己想要的特性，然后仔细检查几种语言，以决定一种语言的特性是否比另一种语言多。）及全文可知，本文最终讨论出来的结论是由自己决定哪种语言更好。故选A项。
Passage 7（2021·湖南高三期末）
Green skin is cmmn in science fictin, but what if green skin were nt just fr aliens? It humans had green skin, what if it granted us the ability t perfrm phtsynthesis (光合作用), which plants use t live ff f sunlight?
Let's analyze what science says abut it and ask award-winning science-fictin authr Jhn Scalzi what he thinks.
Plants can live ff f phtsynthesis because they grw brad, flat leaves t harvest as much light as pssible, They als need less energy because they are far less active than animals.
Accrding t Lindsay Turnbull, a plant eclgist at the University f Oxfrd, if the skin f a wman were phtsynthetic like a leaf, the amunt f surface area she had wuld satisfy nly 1% f her daily energy requirements t survive. Fr a phtsynthesizing wman t meet her energy demands, she wuld need a lt mre skin-abut a tennis curts wrth, Turnbull estimated.
In additin, phtsynthesis requires carbn dixide. Plants have pres(毛孔)that they use t supply the gas t their cells. If phtsynthetic humans had chlrplasts(叶绿体), they might need prus skin t let in carbn dixide, but such pres might let ther things leak in r ut-fr instance, misture(水分)-in ways that might prve harmful t the human bdy.
One might wnder if phtsynthetic peple might prefer mving t sunny climates. Althugh such peple might receive a small increase frm phtsynthesis if they mved t a desert area, they wuld likely base ther resurce issues t deal with, such as a lack f water. Scalzi said. “There's always ging t be trade-ffs(平衡).” he nted.
And wuld phtsynthetic humans prefer hle r n clthing t absrb all thse rays? In sme phtsynthetic scieties, clthing might becme a symbl f the elite- a sign they get enugh energy frm fd and d nt need phtsynthesis. Yu can imagine them saying. "I'm rich, s I can cver up." Scalzi said.
S wuld Scalzi want phtsynthetic skin fr himself? "Prbably nt.” he said. “I dn’t see the benefit frm it being s great that I wuld cmpletely change the way I’d lk t benefit frm it.”
23．Why can't humans live ff f phtsynthesis accrding t Lindsay Turnbull?
A．Because we are less active.B．Because we wear clthes.
C．Because we dn’t have green skin.D．Because ur skin area is nt large enugh.
24．If phtsynthetic humans had pres, what wuld be the disadvantage?
A．They wuld absrb t much CO2. B．They wuld release sme useful substances.
C．They wuld be t small fr human beings. D．They wuld keep gases frm entering the human bdy.
25．What might be the reasn why Scalzi says n t phtsynthetic skin fr himself?
A．He was t cnservative t accept that. B．He wuldn't like t mve t sunny climates.
C．He believed there were mre risks than benefits. D．He thught clthing was simply a symbl f upper class.
26．Hw des the authr supprt the theme f the text?
A．By prviding research results.B．By describing a prcess.
C．By making classificatins.D．By fllwing the time rder.
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。主要讨论了人类能不能够依靠皮肤的光合作用生存的问题。
23．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Fr a phtsynthesizing wman t meet her energy demands, she wuld need a lt mre skin - abut a tennis curt’s wrth, Turnbull estimated.”（Turnbull估计，要使光合作用的女士满足自己的能量需求，她需要的皮肤要多得多——大约相当于网球场的价值。）可知，Lindsay Turnbull指出，人类不能依靠光合作用生存的原因是我们的皮肤面积不够大。故选D项。
24．推理判断题。根据文章第五段中“If phtsynthetic humans had chlrplasts(叶绿体), they might need prus skin t let in carbn dixide, but such pres might let ther things leak in r ut-fr instance, misture(水分)-in ways that might prve harmful t the human bdy.”（如果光合人类有叶绿体，他们可能需要多孔的皮肤来吸收二氧化碳，但是这些毛孔可能会使其他东西渗入或渗出，例如水分，这可能对人体有害。）可知，如果光合作用的人类有毛孔，缺点是会释放有用的物质。故选B项。
25．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Scalzi所说的话“I dn’t see the benefit frm it being s great that I wuld cmpletely change the way I’d lk t benefit frm it.”（我不认为它带来的好处如此之大，以至于我将完全改变我从中受益的方式。）可知，Scalzi拒绝光合作用皮肤的原因是因为风险比益处大得多。故选C项。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Accrding t Lindsay Turnbull. a plant eclgist at the University f Oxfrd, if the skin f a wman were phtsynthetic like a leaf. the amunt f surface area she had wuld satisfy nly 1% f her daily energy requirements t survive. Fr a phtsynthesizing wman t meet her energy demands, she wuld need a lt mre skin-abut a tennis curts wrth. Turnbull estimated.”（根据Lindsay Turnbull的说法。 牛津大学的植物生态学家，如果女人的皮肤像叶子一样是光合作用的。 她的表面积仅能满足她每天生存所需能量的1％。 一个光合作用的女人要满足她的能量需求，她将需要更多的皮肤。）并结合全文理解可知，本文通过分析一些研究结果来解答人类依靠皮肤光合作用的可行性。故选A项。
Passage 8 （2021·江西赣州市·高三期末）
Hw ften d yu have a cnversatin with smene, and think yu are paying attentin t him r her, nly t realize shrtly afterwards that yu can't remember what he said? Or, perhaps yu get distracted while he is speaking and miss the message that he is trying t deliver. In tday's busy wrld, mdern life is full f distractins: TVs, radis, traffic nises, telephnes, laptps and s n, which can make it difficult t listen with ur full attentin.
But hw can we listen mre effectively? Jn kabat---zinn, prfessr at the University f Massachusetts Medical Schl, put frward the idea f mindful listening. He said mindfulness means paying attentin in a particular way, with a purpse, at the present mment and nn-judgmentally.
When we listen mindfully, we can be aware f sme barriers but still remain pen t the speaker's ideas and messages. Mindfulness encurages us t be aware f the present mment, let g f distractins and ignre physical and emtinal reactins t what peple say t us.
But hw can we apply mindful listening t ur life? Jn Kabat-Zinn describes three key elements f mindful listening that we can use t imprve ur listening skills.
First f all, be present. When we listen mindfully, ur fcus shuld be n the persn we are listening t withut distractins. Then develp empathy. We ften see the wrld thrugh ur wn experiences. When we're empathetic, we can understand a situatin frm smene else's pint f view. At last, listen t ur wn “cues”. Our cues are the thughts, feelings and physical reactins that we have when we feel anxius r angry, and they can blck ut ideas and perspectives that we're uncmfrtable with. Mindful listening can help us t be mre aware f ur cues, and allw us t chse nt t let them blck cmmunicatin.
The rule is straightfrward: simply “Listen”! Listen carefully and attentively. Pay full attentin t the ther persn, and dn't let ther thughts, like what we are ging t say next, distract us.
27．What's the functin f the first paragraph?
A．T intrduce the tpic.B．T make a cnclusin.
C．T criticize the distractins.D．T describe daily situatins.
28．What is ne f the advantages f mindful listening?
A．Making a judgment crrectly.B．Sharing messages with the speaker.
C．Stpping peple's running thughts.D．Making sure f feeling understd.
29．What des the underlined wrd "empathy" in paragraph 5 refer t?
A．The feeling f trusting thers.B．The ability t understand thers.
C．The attitude f caring abut thers.D．The behavir f listening t thers.
30．What can be the best title fr the passage?
A．Applicatins f Mindful Listening. B．Key Elements f Mindful Listening.
C．A Research n Mindful Listening. D．An Intrductin f Mindful Listening.
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文，本文论述了导致听别人说话时分心的原因，和提高倾听的效率的方法——用心倾听，及培养用心倾听的三个核心要素。
27．判断推理题。第一段“Hw ften d yu have a cnversatin with smene, and think yu are paying attentin t him r her, nly t realize shrtly afterwards that yu can't remember what he said?”(有多少次你和某人交谈时，认为自己在认真听他/她说什么，结果很快就忘了他/她说了什么）可知，此处提出了一个问题：为什么我们经常在和别人对话后不记得对话的内容？结合下文提出的解决此问题的方法——用心倾听，推知第一段的目的是引出本文要讨论的主题。故选A项。
28．细节理解题。第三段“Mindfulness encurages us t be aware f the present mment, let g f distractins and ignre physical and emtinal reactins t what peple say t us.”（集中精神倾听能让我们集中于当下的时刻，避免分神和忽略他人对我们表达的身体语言和情感上反应。）可知，集中精力倾听能避免分神，故选C项。
29．词义猜测题。第四段empathy后面的句子“We ften see the wrld thrugh ur wn experiences. When we're empathetic, we can understand a situatin frm smene else's pint f view.”可知我们可以通过我们自己的经历认识世界。当我们富有同情心时，我们可以设身处地从他人的处境看待事情。由此推知，empathy是指善解人意的能力，故选B项。
30．主旨大意题。通过阅读文章可知，第一段通过提问提出人们在对话容易分神，第二段讲述了什么是用心倾听，第三段列举了用心倾听的好处，第四段列举了提高听力效率三大要素。由各段的段落大意可知本文集中于介绍了用心倾听。D项“用心倾听的介绍”可以作为本段标题。故选D项。
Passage 9（2021·安徽六安市·高三期末）
A United Natins reprt released Mnday said that almst 690 millin peple--1 in 9 f the wrld's ppulatin—suffered frm hunger last year, a majr dwnward change f previus estimates.
Hwever, the U.N agencies that prduced the reprt—UNICEF, the Wrld Health Organizatin (WHO), the Fd and Agriculture Organizatin (FAO), and the Wrld Fd Prgramme (WFP)—warned that numbers remained n a wrrying upward trend.
There were 687.8 millin undernurished(营养不良的)peple in 2019, up almst 10 millin frm 2018, and up almst 60 millin frm 2014, accrding t the State f Fd Security and Nutritin in the Wrld (SOFI) reprt, which is issued annually. Last year’s editin gave an extremely higher wrld hunger estimate f arund 812 millin fr 2018. “Generally, there has been n change in the trend ... after steadily decreasing fr decades, chrnic hunger slwly began t rise in 2014 and cntinues t d s," they added.
The SOFI reprt said an additinal 93 millin t 132 millin peple culd g hungry in 2020 as a result f the ecnmic decline caused by COVID-19. The pandemic has disturbed fd supply distributin, "making it even mre difficult fr the prer ppulatin t have access t healthy diets," it said.
On current trends, wrld hunger numbers were expected t rise t 841.4 millin in 2030, indicating that a "Zer Hunger" U.N develpment target set fr that year is very much in danger. The agencies said “a key bstacle," t handling hunger was the relatively high cst f healthy and nutritius diets. "It is unacceptable that, in a wrld that prduces enugh fd t feed its entire ppulatin, mre than 1.5 billin peple cannt affrd a diet that meets the required levels f essential nutrients and ver 3 billin peple cannt even affrd the cheapest healthy diet," they felt disappinted.
31．Hw is Paragraph 3 mainly develped?
A．By presenting figures.B．By giving examples.
C．By stating an argument.D．By describing a survey.
32．Which f the fllwing statements abut the SOFI reprt is true?
A．The SOFI reprt is prduced every ther year.
B．A ttal f 93 millin t 132 millin peple culd suffer frm hunger in 2020.
C．COVID-19 has a negative effect n the hunger prblem wrldwide.
D．Pr peple have n access t healthy diets due t the pandemic.
33．Why did the U.N agencies feel disappinted?
A．Wrld hunger numbers are still rising cntinuusly.
B．The "Zer Hunger" target set fr 2030 is hard t achieve.
C．There is n enugh fd t feed the whle wrld.
D．The relatively high cst f healthy and nutritius diets leads many peple t be in hunger.
34．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．The reprt prduced by U.N agencies. B．690 millin peple wrldwide living in hunger.
C．The wrldwide hunger caused by COVID-19. D．The apprach t handling wrldwide hunger.
【分析】
本文是议论文。文章通过大量的研究数据展示了世界范围内的饥饿现象在近年来呈现出不断恶化的趋势，仍有很多人面临着饥饿或营养不良的现象。
31．推理判断题。文章第三段中“687.8 millin”，“almst 10 millin”，“almst 60 millin”，“arund 812 millin”可推知，本段通过列举大量的数据来呈现世界范围内饥饿现象逐年恶化的事实。故选A项。
32．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The SOFI reprt said an additinal 93 millin t 132 millin peple culd g hungry in 2020 as a result f the ecnmic decline caused by COVID-19.（世界粮食安全和营养状况报告称，“由于COVID-19造成的经济衰退”，到2020年，可能还会有9300万至1.32亿人挨饿。）”可推知，疫情对世界范围内的饥饿状况有负面的影响。故选C项。
33．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“"It is unacceptable that, in a wrld that prduces enugh fd t feed its entire ppulatin, mre than 1.5 billin peple cannt affrd a diet that meets the required levels f essential nutrients and ver 3 billin peple cannt even affrd the cheapest healthy diet ," they felt disappinted.（令人无法接受的是，在一个生产足够养活全体人口的粮食的世界上，15亿多人买不起符合必需营养素水平的饮食，30多亿人甚至买不起最便宜的健康饮食，他们对此感到失望。）”可知让联合国机构感到失望的是，在当前世界，总食物产量是充足的，可以喂养整全世界人口。然而在这种情况下，仍然有很多人面临着饥饿或者营养不良,而这往往是由于很多人支付不起。故选D项。
34．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容可知，这篇文章主要议论了世界范围内仍有很多人面临饥饿的现象，用这一现象做标题能有效地抓住读者的注意力，吸引读者的阅读兴趣，同时对文章的主题也有很好的诠释。结合第一段“A United Natins reprt released Mnday said that almst 690 millin peple--1 in 9 f the wrld's ppulatin—suffered frm hunger last year, a majr dwnward change f previus estimates.”（联合国周一公布的一份报告说，去年世界上有近6亿9千万人口遭受饥饿，这比以前的估计有大幅下降）可知，B选项“全世界有6.9亿人生活在饥饿之中。”适合作为文章标题。故选B项。
Passage 10（2021·山西高三期末）
Spending time utdrs, especially in green space, is an effective way t imprve yur health and happiness. It’s been shwn t lwer stress, bld pressure and heart rate while encuraging physical activity and keeping md and mental health.
A recent study published in the Internatinal Jurnal f Envirnmental Health Research adds t the evidence and shws hw little time it takes t get the benefits f being in the park Spending just 30 minutes in a park — even if yu dn’t exercise while yu’re there — is enugh t imprve well-being, accrding t the research.
Fr the study, researchers surveyed 94 adults wh visited ne f three urban parks, ver the summer and fall. They were given fitness trackers t measure physical activity but were nt tld what t d in the park r hw lng t stay. Each persn als answered questins abut their life satisfactin and md — which were used t calculate the scre f subjective well-being befre and after their park visit. The average park visit lasted 32 minutes and well-being scres rse during the park visit in 90% f peple. “Peple may g t the park and just enjy nature. They relax and reduce stress, and then feel mre happy.” study c-authr Hn Yuen says.
It is fr all f these reasns that the medical cmmunity is increasingly viewing green space as a great place where their patients can btain physical and mental health benefits. Sme physicians, like Rbert Zarr, are even writing prescriptins fr it. By writing nature prescriptins — alngside medical prescriptins, when necessary — physicians are encuraging their patients t g utdrs and take advantage f what many view t be free medicine. He said, “It’s abut making a psitive chice in their life rather than a discuraging chice like ‘they’re sick; take a pill. It just seems s much mre supprtive.”
35．What can we learn frm the study?
A．Park visit increases ur life satisfactin. B．The length f park visit affects ur health.
C．Outdr activity imprves ur bld pressure. D．Physical activity increases ur mental health.
36．Which wrd best describes Hn Yuen’s attitude t park visit?
A．Supprtive.B．Cnservative.C．Uncaring.D．Tlerant.
37．Why d sme physicians write nature prescriptins?
A．T frce patients t make a chice. B．T make patients free frm medicine.
C．T encurage patients t see physicians. D．T benefit patients physically and mentally.
38．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Outdr SatisfactinB．Outdr Benefits
C．Park Visit fr FunD．Lve fr Parks
【分析】
本文是议论文。文章主要讲的是户外活动可以给人们带来的各种好处。
35．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Each persn als answered questins abut their life satisfactin and md — which were used t calculate the scre f subjective well-being befre and after their park visit. The average park visit lasted 32 minutes and well-being scres rse during the park visit in 90% f peple. (每个人还回答了有关生活满意度和情绪的问题——这些问题被用来计算他们逛公园前后的主观幸福感得分。逛公园的平均时间为32分钟，90%的人的幸福感得分在逛公园期间有所上升)”可知，逛公园提高了人们的生活满意度。故选A项。
36．推理判断题。根据第三段中的““Peple may g t the park and just enjy nature. They relax and reduce stress, and then feel mre happy.” study c-authr Hn Yuen says.(“人们可能会去公园，只是享受大自然。他们放松和减少压力，然后感到更快乐。”这项研究的合著者Hn Yuen说)”可推知，Hn Yuen 认同 逛公园可以带来益处，使人更幸福。故选A项。
37．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It is fr all f these reasns that the medical cmmunity is increasingly viewing green space as a great place where their patients can btain physical and mental health benefits.( 正是由于这些原因，医学界越来越多地将绿色空间视为病人获得身心健康益处的好地方)”及“By writing nature prescriptins — alngside medical prescriptins, when necessary — physicians are encuraging their patients t g utdrs and take advantage f what many view t be free medicine.(通过开自然处方——在必要的时候，除了医疗处方——医生鼓励他们的病人到户外去，利用许多人认为的免费药物)”可知，医生给病人开一些自然处方，是为了让病人改善自身的身体和精神状态。故选D项。
38．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Spending time utdrs, especially in green space, is an effective way t imprve yur health and happiness.(花时间在户外，尤其是绿色空间，是一种有效的方式来改善你的健康和快乐)”可知，文章第一段就表明了主旨，紧接着后文进行论证。由此可知，文章主要讲的是户外活动可以给人们带来的各种好处。Outdr Benefits(户外的好处)适合做本文最佳标题。故选B项。