专题10 健康环保阅读-冲刺 高考英语阅读理解专项复习

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冲刺2021年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解
第十模块：健康环保类
Passage 1．（2021•宜昌模拟）
Zero﹣emission（零排放） large passenger aircraft powered by hydrogen will be technically possible in five years， according to Airbus， but they will not enter service for at least a decade as the price of the fuel needs to come down.
The prediction comes from Glenn Llewellyn， vice﹣president of zero﹣emissions technology at the pan﹣European plane﹣maker. He said that while Airbus planned to demonstrate hydrogen﹣powered aircraft in 2025， over the next 10 years， hydrogen won't be more economical than the fossil fuel.
For passengers to be flying genuinely emissions free aboard hydrogen﹣powered planes ﹣ which emit only water and heat ﹣ their fuel needs to come from hydrogen produced via renewable sources such as wind and solar， he added.
In an interview ahead of the Bloomberg NEF London Summit， Mr. Llewellyn said， "We already see massive increases in the amount of renewable energy being produced across the world. Wind energy production has multiplied by two over the last five years and solar energy production has multiplied by four."
A further challenge is building up the ecosystem that hydrogen aircraft， along with other forms of transport， will need. This ranges from creating the fuel from electrolysis（电解） to split water into hydrogen and oxygen powered by renewable energy， to the actual transport of the gas and fueling systems for it at airports.
However， Mr. Llewellyn predicted that there was enough interest in the sector to make this happen. He added， "There are a number of independent institutes that have mapped out how hydrogen costs can come down over the next decades. We see a 30pc reduction in renewable hydrogen costs in 2030 compared to where it is today， and a 50pc reduction in renewable hydrogen costs by 2050."
（1）What can we know about the hydrogen﹣powered aircraft according to the passage？　　
A. It will be an unrealistic dream. B. The cost of its fuel keeps rising.
C. It will be accessible within a decade. D. Renewable energy makes it environmentally friendly.
（2）What did Mr. Llewellyn say about renewable energy？　　
A. It gains growing popularity throughout the world.
B. More wind energy has been produced than solar energy.
C. Hydrogen can only be generated from wind and solar energy.
D. Hydrogen will be cheaper than fossil fuel in the coming ten years.
（3）What does the underlined word "this" in paragraph 5 refer to？　　
A. Ecosystem B. Challenge C. Aircraft D. Prediction
（4）What is Mr. Llewellyn's attitude towards the future of hydrogen﹣powered aircraft？　　
A. Objective. B. Optimistic. C. Doubtful. D. Pessimistic.
【考点】健康环保类阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了零排放氢动力飞机的研发现状和未来，还说明了氢动力飞机的一些特性和优点以及仍然面临的挑战。
【解答】（1）D. 细节理解题。根据第三段For passengers to be flying genuinely emissions free aboard hydrogen﹣powered planes﹣which emit only water and heat一their fuel needs to come from hydrogen produced via renewable sources such as wind and solar， he added.（他补充说，如果乘客乘坐的是真正免费排放的氢动力飞机一只排放水和热量，他们的燃料需要来自风能和太阳能等可再生资源产生的氢）可知，氢动力飞机使用可再生能源，很环保。故选D.
（2）A. 推理判断题。根据第四段In an interview ahead of the Bloomberg NEF London Summit， Mr. Llewellyn said， "We already see massive increases in the amount of renewable energy being produced across the world. Wind energy production has multiplied by two over the last five years and solar energy production has multiplied by four."（在彭博新能源论坛伦敦峰会召开前的一次采访中，Llewellyn先生说："我们已经看到世界各地可再生能源产量的大幅增长。风能产量在过去5年增加了2倍，太阳能产量增加了4倍。"）根据Llewellyn的话可推知可再生能源在全世界越来越受欢迎。故选A.
（3）B. 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文A further challenge is building up the ecosystem that hydrogen aircraft， along with other forms of transport， will need.（另一个挑战是建立氢燃料飞机和其他交通工具所需要的生态系统）可知，这一挑战包括从可再生能源为动力将水电解成氢和氧的氢燃料生产，到运输氢燃料的交通工具以及机场的燃料补给系统。即，画线词指的是"挑战"，结合选项A. Ecosystem生态系统；B. Challenge挑战；C. Aircraft飞行器；D. Prediction预测，由此可知答案选B.
（4）B. 观点态度题。根据最后一段 However， Mr. Llewellyn predicted that there was enough interest in the sector to make this happen. He added， "There are a number of independent institutes that have mapped out how hydrogen costs can come down over the next decades. We see a 30pc reduction in renewable hydrogen costs in 2030 compared to where it is today， and a 50pc reduction in renewable hydrogen costs by 2050."（不过，Llewellyn先生预计，业内对氢动力飞机的浓厚兴趣将助其实现。他补充说，"有许多独立的研究机构已经制定出如何在未来几十年降低氢成本的方案。我们预计，到2030年，可再生氢成本将比现在减少30%，到2050年，可再生氢成本将减少50%。"）可推知，Llewellyn先生对氢动力飞机的未来持乐观态度。结合选项A. Objective客观的；B. Optimistic乐观的；C. Doubtful怀疑的；D. Pessimistic悲观的，由此可知答案选B.
Passage 2．（2021•成都模拟）
Big， old trees are dying faster than in the past， leaving younger， less biodiverse forests that store less carbon worldwide. They give us paper and fuel， as well as vital ecological services﹣like cleaning the air， storing carbon and providing habitat. We're talking about trees， of course. But human changes to the environment appear to be causing profound changes to trees around the world.
In a new study， scientists reviewed global research on trends in tree seedlings growth and death. They combined those data with an analysis of deforestation. And they found that worldwide， older trees are dying at a higher rate than in the past due to factors like rising air temperature， wildfires， drought and pathogens（病原菌）.
"And most of the drivers of that decrease in large， old trees are increasing themselves， such as temperature is going up， droughts are more severe， wildfires， windstorms and deforestation are all on the increase﹣although variable across the globe﹣they're generally increasing. And so for both the loss has already occurred， but we expect more continued loss of big， old trees." said Nate McDowell， an earth scientist at Pacific Northwest National Lab， who was one of the study's authors.
"So if we have an increasing rate of death， particularly of the larger， older trees， what's left are the younger trees. So that's why， on average， through the loss of bigger， older trees， our forests are becoming inherently（天生地） younger and shorter."
This trend is a problem， because old trees are vitally important.
"For sure，the increase in death does limit the carbon storage of an ecosystem and can force the system to become a carbon source to the atmosphere. The second reason we care is from a biodiversity perspective：old trees tend to house a higher biodiversity than young forests do. And the third reason is aesthetic： as a society， we care about these trees. We have national parks named after these big trees. So there's a personal reason for people to care about this as well."
（1）What has the new study found about the forests？　　
A. Forests are getting younger and shorter. B. Many factors cause the death of big old trees.
C. Old trees are beneficial to humans in many ways. D. The death of big old trees influences biodiversity.
（2）What do the underlined words "the drivers" in Paragraph 3 refer to？　　
A. The death rates of big old trees. B. The trends in the death of big old trees.
C. The human changes to the environment. D. The factors causing high death rate of old trees.
（3）How is the significance of big old trees illustrated？　　
A. By giving examples. B. By analyzing reasons. C. By listing facts. D. By providing figures.
（4）What's the purpose of the text？　　
A. To call on people to protect old trees. B. To illustrate a phenomenon about old trees.
C. To share the findings of a new study about trees. D. To analyze the reasons why some trees are dying faster.
【考点】健康环保类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人类对环境的改变似乎正在给世界各地的树木带来深刻的变化：古树在减少，森林越来越年轻。从而论述了古树减少的原因以及号召人们保护古树。
【解答】（1）B. 细节理解题。根据第二段内容In a new study， scientists reviewed global research on trends in tree seedlings growth and death. They combined those data with an analysis of deforestation. And they found that worldwide， older trees are dying at a higher rate than in the past due to factors like rising air temperature， wildfires， drought and pathogens（病原菌）.（在一项新的研究中，科学家回顾了全球对树苗生长和死亡趋势的研究。他们将这些数据与森林砍伐分析结合起来。他们发现在世界范围内，由于气温上升、野火、干旱和病原体等因素，老树的死亡率比过去更高。）可知B项Many factors cause the death of big old trees（很多因素造成老树的死亡）符合题意，故选B.
（2）D. 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的older trees are dying at a higher rate than in the past due to factors like rising air temperature， wildfires， drought and pathogens（病原菌）.（由于气温上升、野火、干旱和病原体等因素，老树的死亡率比过去更高）可知很多种老树减少的原因例如温度升高，干旱更加严重，野火，暴风雨和森林砍伐等，故我们可推测the drivers指的是造成老树死亡的因素，故选D.
（3）B. 写作手法题。根据最后一段中的"For sure，the increase in death does limit the carbon storage of an ecosystem and can force the system to become a carbon source to the atmosphere. The second reason we care is from a biodiversity perspective：old trees tend to house a higher biodiversity than young forests do. And the third reason is aesthetic： as a society， we care about these trees. （"可以肯定的是，死亡人数的增加确实限制了生态系统的碳储存，并可能迫使生态系统成为大气的碳源。我们关心的第二个原因是从生物多样性的角度来看：老树往往比幼林拥有更高的生物多样性。第三个原因是审美：作为一个社会，我们关心这些树。）可知该段列举了老树至关重要的三个原因，故我们可知是通过分析原因体现的，结合选项A. By giving examples举例说明；B. By analyzing reasons通过分析原因；C. By listing facts列举事实；D. By providing figures通过提供数字，由此可知答案选B.
（4）A. 写作目的题。从最后一段最后一句话We have national parks named after these big trees. So there's a personal reason for people to care about this as well.（我们有以这些大树命名的国家公园。所以人们也有自己的理由关心这个。）可知道该文章主要的目的是号召人们保护老树，故选A.
Passage 3．（2021•乐山模拟）
Human illumination （照明）of the planet is growing in range and intensity by about 2% a year， creating a problem that can be compared to climate change， according to a team of biologists from the University of Exeter.
Hormone （激素）levels， breeding cycles and activity patterns are being affected across a broad range of species. In all the animal species examined， they found reduced levels of melatonin一 a hormone that regulates sleep cycles 一 as a result of artificial light at night. Behavioural patterns were also disturbed. Rodents， which mostly search for food at night， were active for a shorter period？ while birds started singing and searching for worms earlier in the day.
The outcomes were not purely negative. The scientists said certain species in certain locations benefited from night﹣time light：some plants grew faster and some types of bats thrived （兴旺）. But they said the overall effect was catastrophic， particularly to the insects drawn to fast﹣moving car lamps.
Satellite images of the Earth at night show how rapidly the problem is expanding geographically， but lights are also becoming more intense as expensive soft amber bulbs are replaced by greater numbers of cheap bright white LEDs. This is biologically problematic because the white light has a wider range， like sunlight.
Unlike the climate crisis， however， the lead author， Kevin Gaston said solving the lighting problem would save rather than cost money. But it would require a change of mindset. "At the heart of this is a deep﹣rooted human need to light up the night. We are still in a sense afraid of the dark，" he said. "The ability to turn the night﹣time into something like the daytime is something we have pursued far beyond the necessity of doing so. "
（1）What is paragraph 2 mainly about？　　
A. The wide use of artificial light. B. The bad effects of artificial light.
C. The abnormal behaviour of species. D. The biological diversity of species.
（2）What do the underlined words "the problem" in paragraph 4 refer to？　　
A. The amount of lighting. B. The change of sunlight.
C. The range of white LEDs. D. The pressure of climate change.
（3）What can we learn from Kevin Gaston's words？　　
A. It takes time to get the problem solved. B. To light up the night sky is not necessary.
C. It costs money to solve the lighting problem. D. The problem is deeply rooted in the history.
（4）What does the author try to convey through this passage？　　
A. We should protect our environment in a scientific way.
B. We should solve climate crisis with a biological approach.
C. We should conserve our nature with maximum effort.
D. We should treat artificial light like other forms of pollution.
【考点】健康环保类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是说明文。一项研究表明人类照明在范围和强度上每年增长约2%，造成了一个可以与气候变化相比较的问题，对动物等造成不良影响。
【解答】（1）B. 段落大意题。根据第二段的Hormone （激素） levels， breeding cycles and activity patterns are being affected across a broad range of species.（各种各样的物种的激素水平、繁殖周期和活动模式正受到影响。）和Rodents， which mostly search for food at night， were active for a shorter period？ while birds started singing and searching for worms earlier in the day.（主要在夜间寻找食物的啮齿动物活动时间较短？而鸟儿在一天的早些时候就开始唱歌和寻找蠕虫。）可推断本段主要讲述了人工灯光的不良影响。故选B.
（2）A. 词句猜测题。根据下文but lights are also becoming more intense as expensive soft amber bulbs are replaced by greater numbers of cheap bright white LEDs.（但随着昂贵的软琥珀灯泡被更多的廉价明亮的白色LED所取代，灯光也变得越来越强烈）可推断划线词所在部分 how rapidly the problem is expanding geographically（这个问题在地理上扩展得有多快）所说的the problem指的是灯光的数量，变得越来越多。故选A.
（3）B. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的Kevin Gaston说的话The ability to turn the night﹣time into something like the daytime is something we have pursued far beyond the necessity of doing so.（把夜间变成白天的能力是我们所追求的东西，远远超出了这样做的必要性）可推断从Kevin Gaston的话我们可以推断照亮夜空是不必要的。故选B.
（4）D. 写作目的题。根据第一段的Human ilumination（照明） of the planet is growing in range and intensity by about 2% a year， creating a problem that can be compared to climate change， according to a team of biologists from the University of Exeter.（埃克塞特大学的一个生物学家小组说，地球的人类照明在范围和强度上每年增长约2%，这造成了一个可以与气候变化相比较的问题）以及下文的分析和最后提到的far beyond the necessity of doing so（远远超出了这样做的必要性）可推断本文的写作目的是我们应该像对待其他形式的污染一样对待人工光。由此可知答案选D.
Passage 4．（2021•全国模拟）
In my everyday life， I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways to reduce my carbon footprint on the planet. A carbon footprint is the measure of influence our activities have on the environment， in particular climate change. It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives. Fortunately， nowadays it is much easier to make eco﹣friendly lifestyle choices than， let's say， 20 years ago. But one question has been on my mind a lot lately： is it better to buy new eco﹣friendly products or used traditionally produced goods？
After doing some research， I have decided that some things are better new and others are better used. Let me try to explain.
A carbon footprint is made up of two parts， the primary footprint and the secondary footprint. The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions （排放） of carbon dioxide （CO2）from the burning of fuels， including household energy consumption and transportation. The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole lifecycle of products we use ﹣ those related to their production and breakdown.
Based on this understanding， we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint. Things like dishes， clothes and furniture fall into the "secondary footprint" group， so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production. However， for the car and the other appliances （设备） that we need we can go with new， energy﹣saving models. I heard somewhere that electronics and appliances give off 90% of their carbon footprint after they leave the factory. So it seems most reasonable to go for the energy﹣saving models. The main concern here is the amount of energy that goes into the making of new products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the footprint the product will make once it gets to you.
（1）What is the text mainly about？　　
A. What appliances to buy to save energy. B. What a carbon footprint means in our life.
C. How to identify different carbon footprints. D. How to make eco﹣friendly lifestyle choices.
（2）What do we know about the secondary carbon footprint？　　
A. It is related to our consumption of fuels. B. It is made when we are buying the products.
C. It is less harmful than the primary carbon footprint. D. It is counted as ours though not directly made by us.
（3）Which of the following helps reduce our carbon footprint according to the author？　　
A. Using second﹣hand textbooks. B. Using old and expensive cars.
C. Buying new but cheap clothes. D. Buying new wooden furniture.
（4）"The footprint" underlined in the last sentence refers to the CO2 produced in　　.
A. using the product B. recycling the product C. making the product D. transporting the product
【考点】健康环保类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了如何降低碳排放量，介绍了如何正确做出一些环境友好的日常生活选择。
【解答】（1）D.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段最后一句 But one question has been on my mind a lot lately： is it better to buy new eco﹣friendly products or used traditionally produced goods？ 但是最近有一个问题一直萦绕在我的脑海中：是购买新的环保产品更好，还是使用传统生产的产品更好？及全文内容可知，本文主要探讨了如何降低碳排放量，介绍了如何正确做出一些环境友好的生活选择，故D项符合文意。故答案为D。
（2）D.细节理解题。该题的题眼是secondary carbon footprint ，由此根据文章第三段最后一句 The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole lifecycle of products we use ﹣ those related to their production and breakdown. 二级足迹是衡量我们使用的产品的整个生命周期的间接 CO2 排放量﹣﹣这些排放与产品生产和分解有关。结合句意以及句子中的关键词 indirect 可知，二级碳足迹是我们间接导致的碳排放，因此D项"它算作我们的，虽然不是直接由我们制造的。"符合文意。故答案为D。
（3）A.细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句和第三句 Things like dishes， clothes and furniture fall into the "'secondary footprint" group， so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production. However， for the car and the other appliancesthat we need we can go with new， energy﹣saving models. 像盘子、衣服和家具之类的东西都属于"第二足迹"组，所以少就是多，我们可以集中精力寻找二手货，以避免增加生产。然而，对于我们需要的汽车和其他设备，我们可以选择新的节能车型。可知，使用二手的物品可以减少碳排放，故A项"使用二手课本"符合文意。故答案为A。
（4）A.词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段最后一句中的 the footprint the product will make once it gets to you 产品到达你手上后产生的碳足迹。可知，我们使用了产品以后才会产生碳足迹，因此此处"The footprint"指的是使用过程中产生的碳足迹，A项符合文意。故答案为A。
Passage 5．（2021•山东模拟）
While the novel coronavirus is dangerous for everyone，it is particularly so for the first responders who are being exposed to the illness daily. In the US alone ，almost 5，500 nurses， doctors， and other healthcare professionals have been infected with COVID﹣19. Now， hospital workers worldwide may get some relief thanks to . Spot， a semi﹣autonomous four﹣legged robot developed by Waltham，Massachusetts﹣based robotics company， Boston Dynamics.
"Starting in early March， Boston Dynamics started receiving inquiries from hospitals asking if our robots could help minimize their staffs exposure to COVID﹣19，" the company writes in a blog post."One of the hospitals that we spoke to shared that， within a week， a sixth of their staff had contracted COVID﹣19 and that they were looking into using robots to take more of their staff out of range of the novel virus.
In response， the company reconfigured the 3﹣foot tall， 70﹣pound robot to operate as a mobile telemedicine platform， enabling healtheare providers to determine a patient's condition remotely. The first four﹣legged "medical practitioner" was deployed to the Brigham and Women's Hospital of Harvard University on April9，2020. Equipped with an iPad "face" and a two﹣way radio that allows for real﹣time conversation， Spot helps doctors to speak to patients without coming in contact with them.
"With current protocols at local hospitals， patients suspected to have COVID﹣19 are asked to line up in tents outside to answer questions and get initial assessments for temperature. This process requires up to five medical staff， placing those individuals at high risk of contracting the virus，" Boston Dynamics explains."With the use of a mobile robot， hospitals are able to reduce the number of necessary medical staff at the scene and conserve their limited PPE [personal protective equipment] supply. "The company says the doctors can even use Spot to talk to patients from the safety of their own homes.
Though Spot has already proved extremely helpful ，the robotics manufacturer believes it can be even more so. The engineers are currently working on "teaching" the robot to perform tasks like temperature checks and respiratory rate calculations using thermal camera technology.
（1）What do we know about the robot according to the passage？　　
A. AI could diagnose diseases correctly from medical imaging.
B. Human healthcare experts had a competition with the robot.
C. AI can be used to offer assistance to medical workers.
D. The robot is performed by experts throughout the world.
（2）What does the underlined word "reconfigured" in Paragraph 3 mean？　　
A. Rearranged. B. Restored. C. Fixed. D. Invented.
（3）What is the further intention of the company？　　
A. It should be more scientifically based. B. It can make robots carry out more tasks.
C. It will involve better disease diagnosis. D. It should increase the production of robots.
（4）Which column of the newspaper is this text most likely from？　　
A. Science study. B. Our world. C. Campus life. D. Star stories.
【考点】健康环保类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇健康环保类阅读，主要讲述了新冠肺炎期间人工智能机器人能帮助医护人员进行一些理疗操作，并且人工智能机器人存在长期的发展性。
【解答】（1）C.推理判断题。根据文章第一段Now， hospital workers worldwide may get some relief thanks to . Spot， a semi﹣autonomous four﹣legged robot developed by Waltham，Massachusetts﹣based robotics company， Boston Dynamics.（现在，全世界的医院工作人员可能会得到一些缓解。Spot是一种半自主的四足机器人，由总部位于马萨诸塞州的机器人公司波士顿动力公司开发）可知，人工智能可以被用来帮助医疗工作者，以缓解他们的工作压力，故选C.
（2）A.词义猜测题。根据文章第三段 In response， the company reconfigured the 3﹣foot tall， 70﹣pound robot to operate as a mobile telemedicine platform， enabling healtheare providers to determine a patient's condition remotely. （作为回应，该公司重新配置了3英尺高、70磅重的机器人，使其成为一个移动远程医疗平台，使healtheare供应商能够远程确定患者的病情）可知，划线单词意为："重新配置"，A. Rearranged重新安排；B. Restored恢复；C. Fixed修复；D. Invented发明，故选A.
（3）B.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段The engineers are currently working on "teaching" the robot to perform tasks like temperature checks and respiratory rate calculations using thermal camera technology.（目前，教学人员正在使用"机器人体温检测技术"来进行体温检测）可知，工程师们在用机器人来完成体温检测和呼吸频率计算等任务，因此该公司有着让机器人执行更多任务的长远计算，故选B.
（4）A.文章出处题。根据文章第一段Now， hospital workers worldwide may get some relief thanks to . Spot， a semi﹣autonomous four﹣legged robot developed by Waltham，Massachusetts﹣based robotics company， Boston Dynamics.（现在，全世界的医院工作人员可能会得到一些缓解。Spot是一种半自主的四足机器人，由总部位于马萨诸塞州的机器人公司波士顿动力公司开发）可知，本文章主要讲述了新冠肺炎期间人工智能机器人能帮助医护人员进行一些理疗操作，并且人工智能机器人存在长期的发展性。因此该文章最有可能出现在报纸的科学研究板块，故选A.
Passage 6．（2020•阳泉模拟）
Researchers studied data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey， organized by the Center for Disease Control （CDC）in the United States and looked at the relationship between cups of coffee drunk per day， and both total body fat percentage and abdominal（腹部）or 'trunk' fat．
They found that women aged 20﹣44 who drank two or three cups of coffee per day had the lowest levels of obesity， 3.4% lower than people who did not consume coffee． Among women aged between 45﹣69， those who drank four or more cups had an obesity percentage 4.1% lower．
Overall， the average total body fat percentage was 2.8% lower among women of all ages who drank two or three cups of coffee per day．
The findings were consistent whether the coffee consumed was caffeinated or decaffeinated， and among smokers/non﹣smokers and those suffering from chronic（慢性的） diseases when compared to those in good health．
In men， the relationship was less significant， although men aged 20﹣44 who drank two or three cups per day had 1.3% less total fat and 1.8% less trunk fat than those who did not consume coffee．
Around 7 million tons of coffee is consumed globally every year． Dr Lee Smith， Reader in Public Health at Anglia Ruskin University and senior author of the study， said： "Our research suggests that there may be active compounds in coffee other than caffeine that manage weight and which could potentially be used as anti﹣obesity compounds．"
"It could be possible that coffee， or its effective ingredients（原料）could be integrated（使整合）into a healthy diet strategy to reduce the burden of chronic conditions related to the obesity．" Dr Lee Smith added， "It is important to interpret the findings of this study in light of its limitations﹣ the study was at a specific point in time so trends cannot be established． However， we don't believe that someone's weight is likely to influence their coffee consumption．"
（1）What in coffee mainly influences body fat according to Dr Lee Smith？　　
A． The caffeine． B． The decaffeinated． C． The effective compounds． D． The rich nutrition．
（2）What can be inferred from the text？　　
A． Coffee has less effect on men than women in fat according to the finding．
B． The women aged 20﹣44 like to drink two or three cups of coffee per day．
C． The researchers found that the coffee consumers preferred caffeinated coffee．
D． Trends will be established to limit people's weights by their coffee consumption．
（3）Where is this text most likely from？　　
A． A diary． B． A guidebook． C． A novel． D． A magazine．
（4）What is the best title for the text？　　
A． Chronic Diseases Related to the Obesity B． Coffee Linked to Lower Body Fat
C． Coffee Related to Heart Disease D． Study Discloses the Benefits of Coffee
【考点】健康环保类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】这是一篇健康环保类阅读，本文章主要说明了一项研究发现，每天喝两到三杯咖啡的所有年龄段女性的平均体脂率要低2.8%，无论喝的咖啡是含咖啡因还是不含咖啡因，无论是吸烟者还是不吸烟者，还是患有慢性疾病的人，与健康状况良好的人相比，研究结果都是一致的。
【解答】（1）C.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段Dr Lee Smith， Reader in Public Heath at Anglia Ruskin University and senior author of the study， said： ‘Our research suggests that there may be active compounds in coffee other than caffeine that manage weigh and which could potentially be used as anti﹣obesity compounds.（安格利亚鲁斯金大学公共卫生专业的读者、该研究的资深作者Lee Smith博士说："我们的研究表明，咖啡中除了咖啡因外，可能还有其他可以控制体重的活性化合物，它们有可能被用作抗肥胖化合物）可知，Lee Smith博士指出，咖啡中的有效化合物影响身体脂肪，故选C.
（2）A.推理判断题。根据文章第二段They found that women aged 20﹣ 44 who drank two or three cups of coffee per day had the lowest levels of obesity， 3.4% lower than people who did not consume coffee.（他们发现，年龄在20到44岁之间、每天喝2到3杯咖啡的女性肥胖率最低，比不喝咖啡的女性肥胖率低3.4%）；以及第五段In men， the relationship was less significant although men aged 20﹣44 who drank two or three cups per day had 1.39% less total fat and 1.8% less trunk fat than those who did not consume coffee.（在男性中，这种关系不那么重要，尽管20到44岁的男性中，每天喝2到3杯咖啡的人总脂肪比不喝咖啡的人少1.39%，躯干脂肪少1.8%）可知，研究发现，咖啡对男性脂肪的影响要小于女性，故选A.
（3）D.文章出处题。根据文章第一段Researchers studied data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey， organized by the Center for Disease Control （CDC）in the United States and looked at the relationship between cups of coffee drunk per day， and both total body fat percentage and abdominal（腹部）or 'trunk' fat．（研究人员研究了由美国疾病控制中心组织的国家健康和营养检查调查的数据，并研究了每天喝咖啡杯与身体总脂肪百分比和腹部脂肪之间的关系。）可知，主要说明了一项研究发现，每天喝两到三杯咖啡的所有年龄段女性的平均体脂率要低2.8%，无论喝的咖啡是含咖啡因还是不含咖啡因，无论是吸烟者还是不吸烟者，还是患有慢性疾病的人，与健康状况良好的人相比，研究结果都是一致的。但是这一影响对男性来说相对较小。因此文章属于健康研究类，最有可能选自一本杂志，A．A diary一本日记；B．A guidebook旅游指南；C．A novel一本小说；D．A magazine一本杂志，故选D.
（4）B.标题归纳题。根据文章第一段Researchers studied data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey， organised by the Center for Disease Control （CDC） in the United States and looked at the relationship between coupe of coffee drunk per day， and both total body fat percentage and abdominal or ‘trunk' fat.（研究人员研究了由美国疾病控制中心组织的全国健康和营养检查调查的数据，研究了每天喝几杯咖啡与身体脂肪百分比和腹部或躯干脂肪之间的关系）结合主要说明了一项研究发现，每天喝两到三杯咖啡的所有年龄段女性的平均体脂率要低2.8%，无论喝的咖啡是含咖啡因还是不含咖啡因，无论是吸烟者还是不吸烟者，还是患有慢性疾病的人，与健康状况良好的人相比，研究结果都是一致的。但是这一影响对男性来说相对较小。可知，B选项"咖啡与较低的体脂有关"最符合文章标题，故选B.
Passage 7．（2020•高密市模拟）
Playing tennis regularly could help keep people off death， but football， rugby and running may not help people to live longer， a study suggests．
A study followed more than 80，000 people for an average of nine years to find out if certain sports protected them against early death． It found that people who played racket sports regularly were the least likely to die over the study period， reducing their individual risk by 47 percent compared with people who did no exercise． Swimmers also reduced their chance of death by 28 percent， aerobics （有氧运动） fans by 27 percent and cyclists by 15 percent． Yet running appeared to have no impact at all on dying early， and neither did playing football or rugby．
Scientists say the difference may lie in the social aspect which goes alongside sports like tennis and squash （壁球）， which often involve clubs and organized activities outside of the game． It means that people often have larger social net﹣works and tend to keep up activities into later life， both of which are proven to be good for health．
In contrast， people who play team sports often do not move onto a new sport once their teams break up for family， or injury reasons． They become watchers rather than participants in their chosen activity．
The researchers found that playing racket sports was associated with a 56 percent lower risk from heart death． Similarly， swimmers lowered their heart disease or stroke risk by 41 percent， and people who took part in activities like aerobics， dance or gymnastics lowered their risk by 36 percent． But again running， football and rugby had no significant impact on heart deaths．
However， other experts argue that this study must not be misinterpreted as showing that running and football do not protect against heart disease． In this study both runners and footballers had a lower rate of death from heart disease．
（1）Which sport has hardly any impact on protecting people against early death？　　
A． Cycling． B． Swimming． C． Rugby． D． Tennis．
（2）According to the study， which makes a big difference in keeping healthy？　　
A． Playing basketball with their friends occasionally． B． Watching football games every day．
C． Taking up gymnastics and joining a club． D． Doing running in the park every day．
（3）What is considered more important to people's health？　　
A． Social networks．B． Staying at home．C． Physical examinations．D． Setting up families．
（4）What is the main idea of the text？　　
A． Thousands of people participated in a 9﹣year research．
B． Study finds playing tennis helps people live longer．
C． It is wrong to say running has no impact on heart disease．
D． There are differences between racket sports and team games．
【考点】健康环保类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项研究表明，经常打网球可以帮助人们避免死亡，但踢足球、打橄榄球和跑步可能无法帮助人们长寿。文章说明了研究过程，以及研究人员还发现，从事球拍类运动可使心脏死亡的风险降低56%，其他专家对此有不同的看法。
【解答】（1）C.细节理解题。根据第一段中Playing tennis regularly could help keep people off death， but football， rugby and running may not help people to live longer， a study suggests.经常打网球可以帮助人们避免死亡，但踢足球、打橄榄球和跑步可能无法帮助人们长寿。由此可知，橄榄球无法帮助人们长寿。故选C.
（2）C.细节理解题。根据第三段Scientists say the difference may lie in the social aspect which goes alongside sports like tennis and squash， which often involve clubs and organized activities outside of the game. It means that people often have larger social net﹣works and tend to keep up activities into later life， both of which are proven to be good for health.科学家们说，区别可能在于社交方面，它和网球、壁球等运动一样，经常涉及俱乐部和有组织的运动之外的活动。这意味着人们通常有更大的社交网络，并倾向于在以后的生活中保持活动，这两者都被证明对健康有好处。对比选项可知，根据这项研究，从事体操并加入一个俱乐部对保持健康有很大的影响。故选C.
（3）A.细节理解题。根据第三段中It means that people often have larger social net﹣works and tend to keep up activities into later life， both of which are proven to be good for health.这意味着人们通常有更大的社交网络，并倾向于在以后的生活中保持活动，这两者都被证明对健康有好处。由此可知，社交网络对人们的健康更重要。故选A.
（4）B.主旨大意题。根据第一段中Playing tennis regularly could help keep people off death， but football， rugby and running may not help people to live longer， a study suggests.经常打网球可以帮助人们避免死亡，但踢足球、打橄榄球和跑步可能无法帮助人们长寿。结合文章主要说明了一项研究表明，经常打网球可以帮助人们避免死亡，但踢足球、打橄榄球和跑步可能无法帮助人们长寿。文章说明了研究过程，以及研究人员还发现，研究发现打网球能使人长寿。故选B.
Passage 8．（2020•黑龙江模拟）
Food blogs， celebrities， and nutritionists all advocate the benefits of eating organic（有机的）fruits and vegetables. But a new study published in Science Advances paints a more complex picture. While perhaps organic produce is slightly healthier to eat and， in some ways， more sustainable to grow， there are also downsides.
Organic fruits and vegetables typically cost more than conventional ones. To get a certificate as organic， farmers must meet specific criteria， including growing produce without the use of genetic engineering and chemical inputs. Without these methods， the growing process typically requires more labor， time， and money， a cost that is passed down to consumers.
It's true that in many ways， organic farming is more sustainable than conventional farming. But when it comes to environmental concerns such as greenhouse gas output and water loss， the comparison gets complex. Organic farms produce less greenhouse gas output per acre. However， because they are banned from using genetic engineering， pesticides（杀虫剂）， and other methods that increase efficiency， organic farms also produce an estimated 19% to 25% less yield than conventional farms. While there isn't a whole lot research on the topic， the few studies that do exist suggest green gas output and water loss might actually be higher on organic farms， on a per unit basis， says study author Verena Seurfert.
In addition， while organic produce is likely more nutritious than conventional fruits and vegetables， there's not a lot of evidence to support the claim that these often slight differences influence consumer health. The same is true for pesticide remainder（残留）. In developed countries， where pesticide use is tightly regulated， there's no scientific consensus on how these often slight differences influence human health.
Still， Seurfert stresses that if you can afford to eat organic， you should do so. Organic farms provide safer working environments for workers， plus they support great biodiversity. The real takeaway from her study is not that organic is bad but that the practice needs more studies to increase yield without lowering sustainability.
But if you can't afford to buy organic produce， don't stress too much， particularly from a nutritional perspective.
（1）What does the underlined word "downsides" in Paragraph 1 most probably mean？　　
A. Dangers. B. Drawbacks. C. Benefits. D. Differences.
（2）Which key factor makes it hard to compare organic farming and conventional farming when it comes to environmental concerns？　　
A. The yield. B. The price. C. The water loss. D. The labor.
（3）Which of the following will the study author most probably agree with？　　
A. Farmers' working environment should be improved. B. Organic produce should be made more efficiently.
C. It isn't wise for consumers to buy organic produce. D. Pesticide remainder does great harm to people's health.
（4）In Seurfert's opinion， why should we support organic produce？　　
A. It's of greater benefit to health. B. It's more nutritious.
C. It helps keep the variety of plants. D. It's safer for consumers.
【考点】健康环保类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇健康环保类阅读，文章主要介绍了有机农业和无机农业。
【解答】（1）B．细节理解题。根据第一段"Whileorganicproduceislikelyslightlyhealthiertoeatand， insomeways， moresustainabletogrow， therearealso downsides."虽然有机农产品吃起来可能更健康一些，在某些方面也更适合种植，但也有不利的一面。可知"downsides"意为"缺点"。A. Dangers危险；B. Drawbacks缺点；C. Benefits好处；D. Differences差异。故选B．
（2）A．细节理解题。根据第四段"organicfarmsalsoproduceanestimated 19% to 25% lessyieldthanconventionalfarms据估计，有机农场的产量也比传统农场低19%到25%"．可知在环境问题上，收益率使得有机农业和传统农业难以进行比较。故选A．
（3）B．观点态度题。根据第五段" Therealtakeawayfromherstudyisnotthatorganicisbadbutthatthepracticeneedsmorestudytoincreaseyieldwithoutloweringsustainability.她的研究得出的真正结论不是有机食品不好，而是需要更多的研究才能在不降低可持续性的情况下提高产量"可知，作者最可能同意应该更有效地生产有机农产品。故选B．
（4）C．推理判断题。根据第五段"plustheysupportgreatbiodiversity此外，它们支持巨大的生物多样性"．可知在作者看来，我们支持有机产品是因为有助于保持植物的多样性。故选C．
Passage 9．（2020•天津二模）
The Gatais used to frown when they received power bills that routinely topped ＄200. Last September the couple moved into a 1，500﹣square﹣foot home in Premier Gardens，a subdivision of 95 "zero﹣energy homes"（ZEH）just outside town. Now they're actually eager to see their electricity bills. The grand total over the 10 months they've lived in the three﹣bedroom house：＄75. for the past two months they haven't paid a cent.
ZEH communities are the leading edge of technologies that might someday create houses that produce as much energy as they consume. Premier Gardens is one of a half﹣dozen subdivisions in California in California where every home cuts power consumption by 50%，mostly by using low﹣power appliances and solar panels.
Aside from the panels on the roof，Premier Gardens looks like a community of conventional homes. But inside，special windows cut power bills by blocking solar heat in summer and retaining indoor warmth in winter.
The rest of energy saving comes form the solar units. They don't just feed the home they serve. If they generate more power than the home is using，the excess flower into the utility's power grid ____. The residents are billed by "net metering"：they pay for the amount of power they tap off the grid，less the kilowatts（千瓦） they feed into it. If a home generate more power than it uses， the bill is zero.
That sounds like a bad deal for the power company，but it's not. Solar homes produce the most power on the hot sunny afternoons when everyone rushes home to turn up the air conditioner. "It helps us lower usage at peak power times." says solar expert Mike Keesee. "That lets us avoid building costly plants or buying expensive power at peak usage time."
What's not to like？ Mostly the costs. The special features can add ＄25，000 or more to the purchase price of a house. Tax breaks bring the cost down，especially in California，but in many states ZEHs can be prohibitively expensive. For the consumer，it's a matter of paying now for the hardware to save later on the utilities.
（1）Why are the Gatais eager to see their electricity bills now？　　
A.They want to see how much they have saved. B.The want to cut down their utility expenses.
C.They want to know if they are able to pay. D.They want to avoid being overcharged.
（2）What is special about the ZEH communities？　　
A.They have created cutting﹣edge technologies. B.They aim to produce enough power themselves.
C.They are subdivided into half a dozen sections. D.They are built in harmony with the environment.
（3）How are the residents in the ZEH communities billed for electricity use？　　
A.They are only charged for the amount of power they consume on rainy days.
B.They needn't pay a single cent for their power consumption on sunny days.
C.They only pay for the excess power that flows into the utility's power grid.
D.They pay for the electricity form the grid less their home﹣generated power.
（4）What does the "net metering" practice mean to the power company？　　
A.More pressure at peak time. B.Less profits in the short term.
C.Increased electricity output. D.Reduced operational costs.
（5）The author believes that buying a house in a ZEH community　　.
A.is but a dream for average consumers B.gives the owner substantial tax benefits
C.is a worthy investment in the long run D.contributes to environmental protection
【考点】健康环保类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了ZEH社区是技术的前沿，也许有一天会创造出与消耗一样多的能源的房屋。
【解答】（1）A. 推理判断题。根据第一段"The Gatais used to frown when they received power bills that routinely topped ＄200. Last September the couple moved into a 1，500﹣square﹣foot home in Premier Gardens，a subdivision of 95 "zero﹣energy homes"（ZEH）just outside town. Now they're actually eager to see their electricity bills. The grand total over the 10 months they've lived in the three﹣bedroom house：＄75. for the past two months they haven't paid a cent.加泰人过去收到的电费账单通常超过200英镑时，他们会皱起眉头。去年9月，这对夫妇搬进了位于普里米尔花园（Premier Gardens）的1500平方英尺的住宅，这是一个位于城外95个"零能源住宅"（ZEH）的分区。现在他们真的很想看看电费单。他们在这座三居室的房子里住了10个月，总共75英镑。过去两个月他们一分钱都没付。"可知加泰人现在急于要看他们的电费单是他们想看看自己省了多少钱。故选A.
（2）B. 推理判断题。根据第二段"ZEH communities are the leading edge of technologies that might someday create houses that produce as much energy as they consume. ZEH社区是技术的前沿，也许有一天会创造出与消耗一样多的能源的房屋。"可知ZEH社区的特别之处是他们的目标是自己产生足够的电力。故选B.
（3）D. 细节理解题。根据第三段"The residents are billed by "net metering"：they pay for the amount of power they tap off the grid，less the kilowatts（千瓦） they feed into it. If a home generate more power than it uses， the bill is zero.居民们按"净计量"计费：他们支付的是他们从电网接入的电量，减去他们输入电网的千瓦数。如果一个家庭的发电量超过了它的使用量，那么这个账单就是零。"可知他们支付的电力来自电网减去他们的家庭发电。故选D.
（4）D. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"That sounds like a bad deal for the power company，but it's not. Solar homes produce the most power on the hot sunny afternoons when everyone rushes home to turn up the air conditioner. "It helps us lower usage at peak power times." says solar expert Mike Keesee. "That lets us avoid building costly plants or buying expensive power at peak usage time."这听起来对电力公司来说是个糟糕的交易，但事实并非如此。在阳光明媚的下午，当每个人都赶回家打开空调时，太阳能家庭的发电量最大。"太阳能专家迈克•基西说："它有助于我们在用电高峰期降低用电量。"这样我们就可以避免在用电高峰期建造昂贵的电厂或购买昂贵的电力。"可知"净计量"对电力公司意味着降低运营成本。故选D.
（5）C. 推理判断题。根据最后一段"What's not to like？ Mostly the costs. The special features can add ＄25，000 or more to the purchase price of a house. Tax breaks bring the cost down，especially in California，but in many states ZEHs can be prohibitively expensive. For the consumer，it's a matter of paying now for the hardware to save later on the utilities.这些特殊功能可以使房屋的购买价格增加2.5万英镑或更多。减税可以降低成本，尤其是在加利福尼亚州，但是在许多州，zeh的成本可能高得让人望而却步。对消费者来说，现在就要花钱买硬件，以节省日后的公用事业费用。"可推知笔者认为，从长远来看，在泽赫社区买房是值得投资的。故选C.
Passage 10．（2020•盐城模拟）
There are many reasons why people can't get a good night's sleep and as with any other health conditions， things are not likely to improve until you find a way to break the cycle．
These are some of the main factors that need to be addressed．
Worry and stress
We have all been kept awake by many factors that cause worry and stress in our lives． Money problems， relationship issues and work stresses can have you sitting up all night． A useful habit is to download your thoughts at the end of the day． Keep a pen and paper next to your bed and before you go to sleep， write down your thought and worries， create a to﹣do list for the following day or set down solutions and ideas that relate to work．
Diet and eating patterns
What and when you eat can have a major impact on your ability to sleep． Eating too late or indulging in a rich or spicy meal can keep you awake． These foods take a long while to digest and the after effects of indigestion and heartburn are not going to set you up well for a good quality sleep．
A research suggests that both calcium and magnesium may be linked to poor sleep． Even low intakes of magnesium found in green vegetables， beans， nuts and seeds have been shown to make it harder to stay asleep． Calcium is found in dairy foods， soybeans and green vegetables and low levels have also been shown to make it more difficult to nod off．
Alcohol and caffeine
Tea， coffee and energy drinks contain caffeine that helps to stimulate the nervous system and make you more alert， which is great if you need a pick﹣me﹣up． Dosing up on caffeine during the day can affect your ability to sleep later on in the evening． Try limiting your intake of caffeine to the morning and switch to decaffeinated options such as herbal teas． Alcohol is a double﹣edged sword when it comes to sleep． While a little may help to induce slumber， even in small amounts it can cause fragmented sleep patterns．
Bedroom environment
"Your bedroom should be dark once the lights are switched off because melatonin， a sleep﹣regulating hormone， is very light﹣sensitive． Maintaining the right temperature can also help with sleep as a room that is too hot may prevent your core temperature from going down， which is essential for switching on the sleep mechanism within the body．
（1）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？　　
A． Melatonin is a chemical in our bodies that disturbs our sleep．
B． The lower the temperature is， the easier you will find it to sleep．
C． Drinking a little coffee in the morning may not affect your sleep at night．
D． You should eat more vegetables and wholegrains for supper to get a better sleep．
（2）The passage can be found in the column of　　 in a newspaper．
A． Science B． Health C． Fashion D． Education
【考点】健康环保类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些会影响人们睡眠的因素。
【解答】（1）C.细节理解题.根据倒数第二段中的"Try limiting your intake of caffeine to the morning"可知作者建议我们限制咖啡的摄入量，并且把时间改在早晨，也就是说早晨喝少量的咖啡不会影响晚上的休息。故选C.
（2）B.文章出处题. 文章中分析了影响人们睡眠质量的四个原因，并提出了相应的解决方法。睡眠属于健康方面的话题，所以这一内容应该是在报纸上的健康专栏。A． Science科学；B． Health健康；C． Fashion时尚；D． Education教育。故选B。