专题09 日常文化类阅读-冲刺 高考英语阅读理解专项复习

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冲刺2021年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解
第九模块：日常文化类
Passage 1．（2021•扬州模拟）
Since their beautiful baby daughter Ella came into their lives，James and Ola Jordan's home has undergone a transformation in the past nine months. The designer marble coffee table has lost pride of place to a playpen. "Everything is about Ella， and that is how we always wanted it to be，" says adoring mum Ola. "Our home was quite stylish before she came along； now there are toys everywhere. I can't remember the life we had without her. Ella has taken over our home ﹣and our hearts."
The former Strictly Come Dancing professionals，who married in 2002，had longed to be parents and considered themselves blessed when Ella was born during the outbreak of coronavirus after their years of medical treatment and attempts. James tells us："People say how this time of year becomes special again when you see it through the eyes of a child. I get that. Already she loves the Christmas lights and the tree，although she isn't going to understand what it's all about."
There is no doubt that Ella is the couple's most precious gift﹣﹣﹣and the icing on Christmas cake for James will be the moment she says "Dada". "We all keep saying it to her，she is not having any of it，" laughs 43﹣year﹣old James. "It's just 'Mama， Mama…'" says Jam："Ola knew that I would always be a big part of bringing up our little girl. And likewise，I always knew Ola was going to be a great mum， and very hands on."
Having James around so much has been a bonus for Ola，four years younger than James. "It has just been us and our baby so I feel lucky that James has been here. But I have missed not being able to meet up with other new mums and swap advice." "Ella is yet to meet another baby，and we will arrange another room for the new family member，" says James. "but at least she is lucky that she has a really funny dad. She is always laughing and is such a happy little girl."
（1）Their home was_____　before they were blessed with Ella.
A. conservative B. fashionable C. messy D. comfortable
（2）If you describe something as "the icing on the cake"， you mean that it makes something　　.
A. even colder B. even better C. more surprising D. more believable
（3）What does James mean when he says "Ella is yet to meet another baby"？　　
A. They are expecting a new baby. B. Ella doesn't want any playmate.
C. James doesn't like Ella now. D. He is simply making a joke.
（4）The story mainly tells us that　　.
A. spare the rod and spoil the child B. a wife's health is a man's wealth
C. parents are over the moon about a baby D. all the glory comes from mothers
【考点】日常生活类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个幸福的家庭，当JamesO0la的小女儿Ella出生以后，家里的一切都发生了变化，但是夫妻二人并没有因此而对生活感到失望，即使面对困难，他们依旧深爱女儿Ella，热爱家庭和生活。
【解答】（1）B. 细节理解题。根据第一段Our home was quite stylish before she came along （在她来之前，我们的家很时髦）可知在女儿Ella到来之前他们的家很时髦，A. conservative保守的；B. fashionable时髦的；C. messy杂乱的；D. comfortable舒适的，由此可知答案选B项。
（2）B. 词句猜测题。根据画线短语所在句There is no doubt that Ella is the couple's most precious gift ﹣﹣and the icing on Christmas cake for James will be the moment she says "Dada". （毫无疑问，Ella是这对夫妇最珍贵的礼物，而对詹姆斯来说，她说出"Dada"的那一刻更是the icing on Christmas cake。）可知女儿Ella的到来对他们来说非常宝贵，而女儿叫James"Dada"的时候事情变得更加美好了，由此可推知the icing on Christmas cake意为"锦上添花"，表示事情变得更好，故选B项。
（3）A. 推理判断题。根据最后一段and we will arrange another room for the new family member（我们会为新的家庭成员安排另一个房间）"可知他们即将有一个新的baby，由此可推知James说Ella is yet to meet another baby（Ella还没有见到另一个baby）的意思是他们期待新baby的到来，故选A项。
（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段Since their beautiful baby daughter Ella came into their lives，James and Ola Jordan's home has undergone a transformation in the past nine months. The designer marble coffee table has lost pride of place to a playpen. "Everything is about Ella， and that is how we always wanted it to be，" says adoring mum Ola. "Our home was quite stylish before she came along； now there are toys everywhere. I can't remember the life we had without her. Ella has taken over our home ﹣and our hearts."（自从他们美丽的小女儿埃拉走进他们的生活，詹姆斯和奥拉乔丹的家在过去的九个月里经历了一次转变。设计师设计的大理石咖啡桌已经失去了一个游乐场的骄傲地位。"一切都是关于埃拉的，这就是我们一直想要的，"爱慕的妈妈奥拉说，"我们家在她来之前很时髦，现在到处都是玩具。我不记得没有她我们的生活了。埃拉接管了我们的家和我们的心。"）可知女儿Ella的到来使得家里发生了很大的变化，但还是让这对夫妻十分高兴，结合全文内容表达James和0la夫妻对女儿的喜爱和愉悦可知，文章主要告诉了我们一对父母对孩子感到欣喜若狂，故选C项。
Passage 2．（2021•玉溪一模）
Do you like shopping？ For shopaholics in the UK， the place to head to used to be the "high street". This location refers to the streets in the centre of a town where businesses and popular branches of retail（零售）chains could be found. It was the place where you could find familiar fashion brands and essential everyday items.
But change in our shopping habits has taken its toll on the British high street. News about shops losing money and shutting is now common. Some city﹣centre department stores have closed and even long﹣established retailers such as Marks and Spencer have reported profit slumps.
As the BBC's Emma Simpson writes， things have become a lot harder for traditional retailers in recent years. They have faced rising costs from wages，business rates and the requirement to introduce Europe's new data law.
But the biggest threat has come from online shopping. She says，"Consumers now spend one in every five pounds online﹣and if businesses are seeing 20 percent fewer sales on the shop floor，then profit margins will be squeezed."
While some of us like to window shop﹣browsing for things to buy，only to purchase them online at a discount﹣the fact is that， overall， shoppers are making fewer visits to high streets. Eventually， town centres could become like ghost towns. If people aren't out and about shopping， they won't use other services， like cafes， restaurants and cinemas. It also results in job losses.
The British Retail Consortium has already warned that 900，000 UK retail jobs could be lost by 2025. The high street has also suffered from the coming of big shopping malls， which offer a retail experience under one roof， with free parking， away from the bad weather!
Meanwhile， back on the high street， some shops still exist. Analysts have said it's those that have moved away from traditional retailing that are surviving. These include beauty salons， nail bars and independent coffee shops﹣but are these kinds of shops enough to keep the British high street open for business？
（1）What is the "high street"？　　
A. The street in the high places in the UK. B. The street without big shopping malls.
C. The street where you can buy fast food. D. The main street of a town with many businesses.
（2）What do the underlined words "taken its toll" in paragraph 2 mean？　　
A. Had a bad effect. B. Taken its advantage. C. Done something good. D. Changed its form.
（3）What is the main cause of the decline of the traditional retail？　　
A. Rising costs from wages. B. Online shopping. C. Business rates. D. Europe's new data law.
（4）Which kind of businesses can survive on the high street？　　
A. Popular branches of retail chains. B. Fashion retailers.
C. Department stores. D. Beauty salons and nail bars.
【考点】日常生活类阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】这是一篇日常生活类阅读理解。文章主要介绍了英国的购物现状，因为受到人们购物习惯的改变，许多商业街上的实体店铺亏损关门的新闻变得很普遍。文章介绍了产生这一 现象的原因以及影响。
【解答】（1）D. 细节理解题。根据第一段中For shopaholics in the UK， the place to head to used to be the "high street".This location refers to the streets in the centreof a town where businesses and popular branches of retail chains could be found.（对于英国购物狂来说，过去应该去的地方是'high street"。这个位置指的是城镇中心的街道，在那里可以找到商业和流行的零售连锁店的分支机构。）可知，"high street"是指有许多商业的城镇的主要街道。故选D。
（2）A. 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文"News about shops losing money and shutting is now common. Some city﹣centre department stores have closed and even long﹣established retailers such as Marks and Spencer have reported profit slumps （商店亏损关门门]的新闻现在很普遍。市中心的一些百货商店已经关闭，甚至像玛莎百货这样历史悠久的零售商也宣布利润下滑）可知画线部分所在句意思为：我们购物习惯的改变已经对英国的商业街造成了不好的影响。画线词意思为"造成不好的影响"。故选A。
（3）B. 细节理解题。根据第四段But the biggest threat has come from online shopping. She says， "Consumers now spend one in every five pounds online﹣and if businesses are seeing 20 percent fewer sales on the shop floor， then profit margins will be squeezed.（但最大的威胁来自网购。她说："消费者现在每五英镑中就有一英镑是在网上消费的﹣﹣﹣如果商家看到商店里的销售额减少20%，那么利润率就会受到挤压。）可知，传统零售业衰落的主要原因是网上购物。故选B。
（4）D. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中Meanwhile， back on the high street， some shops still exist. Analysts have said it's those that have moved away from traditional retailing that are surviving. These include beauty salons， nail bars and independent coffee shops﹣but are these kinds of shops enough to keep the British high street open for business？（分析人士表示，那些脱离传统零售业的公司才能生存下来。这些商店包括美容院、美甲店和独立咖啡店﹣﹣﹣但是这些商店足以让英国商业街保持营业吗？）可知，美容院和美甲吧能在商业街上生存下来。故选D。
Passage 3．（2021•山东模拟）
France's Louvre Museum reopened on Monday after closing in March due to the coronavirus. But things are far from business as usual.
The world's most visited museum has carried out new measures， including a mask requirement and an online﹣only reservation system to protect art lovers from the virus.
One unintended consequence of these restrictions has been an experience devoid（缺乏的） of the usual crowds of tourists， which normally reach up to 50000 people a day.
Freddie Keen， visiting from London with some friends， told NPR it was easy to take his time seeing some of the Louvre's top attractions. "It was definitely a much more comfortable experience seeing the Mona Lisa without having any peer pressure from hundreds of people staring at you and waiting for you to move on，" Keen said.
Floor markers in the hall， where the Mona Lisa is held， have been put in place to ensure guests keep a physical distance of at least 3 feet. Visitors must also follow a one﹣way path through the building. A third of the museum is still closed to the public.
International tourists made up around 70% of the 9.6 million visitors in 2019. Museum Director Jean﹣Luc Martinez said he was hoping to attract more French tourists this summer because of the current travel restrictions.
"We are going to be at best 20% to 30% down on last summer，" Martinez told Agence France﹣Presse， adding that the museum expects between 4000 and 10000 visitors a day.
During the four﹣month shutdown， the famous art destination lost an equivalent（等价物） of ＄45 million in ticket sales this year. However， France's tourism industry could soon get a much﹣needed boost. Last week， the European Union lifted travel restrictions on visitors from more than a dozen countries considered low risk for spreading the coronavinus. Because of the rising level of virus infections among Americans， the United States was not included on the list.
（1）What visitors can experience with new measures taken in Louvre Museum？　　
A. Wearing masks offered by the museum. B. Appreciating works of art with experts.
C. Visiting the museum with fewer tourists. D. Enjoying tour﹣guide service free of charge.
（2）How does Louvre Museum keep visitors at a safe distance while visiting？　　
A. By persuading them to wear masks. B. By closing some districts to the public.
C. By accepting online﹣only reservation. D. By sticking markers onto the floor.
（3）Where do the current potential visitors probably come from？　　
A. France itself. B. The United States. C. European countries. D. Around the world.
（4）What can we learn from the last paragraph？　　
A. Restrictions on tourism will remain strict. B. Louvre Museum suffered the greatest loss.
C. France's tourism could gradually improve. D. Americans are resistant to the coronavirus.
【考点】日常生活类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文章是一篇日常生活类阅读，主要介绍了在新冠肺炎疫情状况缓和后，法国卢浮宫博物馆采取了新的措施得以重新开放，以减少疫情对旅游业带来的影响。
【解答】（1）C．细节理解题。根据文章第三段One unintended consequence of these restrictions has been an experience devoid （缺乏的） of the usual crowds of tourists， which normally reach up to 50，000 people a day.（这些限制带来了一个意想不到的后果，那就是没有了往常每天多达5万人的游客）可知，卢浮宫采取措施以后参观博物馆的游客少了，故选C.
（2）D．细节理解题。根据文章第五段Floor markers in the hall， where the Mona Lisa is held， have been put in place to ensure guests keep a physical distance of at least 3 feet.（放置作品《蒙娜丽莎》的大厅里，地板标记已经布置到位，以确保客人与地板之间至少保持3英尺的距离）可知，通过往地板上粘贴标记的方式确保游客在一个安全的距离，故选D.
（3）A．推理判断题。根据文章第六段International tourists made up around 70% of the 9.6 million visitors in 2019. Museum Director Jean﹣Luc Martinez said he was hoping to attract more French tourists this summer because of the current travel restrictions.（2019年国际游客约占960万游客的70%，但由于目前的旅游限制，馆长希望今年夏天能吸引更多的法国游客）可推断出目前的潜在游客不可能来自世界各地，也不能是疫情肆虐的美国或疫情严重的一些欧洲国家，法国本土的游客应是主要来源，故选A.
（4）C．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段However， France's tourism industry could soon get a much﹣needed boost. Last week， the European Union lifted travel restrictions on visitors from more than a dozen countries considered low risk for spreading the coronavirus.（然而法国旅游业可能很快得到急需的提振。上周，欧盟取消了对来自十几个被认为传播冠状病毒的低风险国家的游客的旅行限制）可推知，法国的旅游业可以逐步改善，故选C.
Passage 4．（2021•山东模拟）
The time to form a new habit depends on the person，the habit itself， the environment， and the motivation. Generally speaking， 60 days is good enough for getting a new habit formed， but some habits could take twice as long. Some habits will never be formed no matter how much time passes. Even a habit that takes months or years to form can still be broken eventually.
Becoming an early riser was really challenging. I struggled with this habit for years to manage to form it. I do break this habit now and then， usually by choice to experience something different for a while. In the past 90 days， I have stayed in bed past 5 am perhaps only two or three times. It takes me less than a week to be back with it. Remembering the benefits surely helps.
In my 20s I was too impatient with many habits. If I couldn't get something working in a few weeks，I'd often drop it and try something else. Now that I'm in my late 40s，I have learned to think in a more practical way.I know that even if it takes many months or years to form a new habit，I am sure the habit could bring advantages for many years. It doesn't take me too long to think of carrying out the new habit， I just get it started. When you think about a habit that you have stuck to for many years，who cares if it took a few weeks or six months to form it？
Don't worry so much about how long it takes to form a habit. Instead，consider which habits could improve the quality of your life so that they are worthy of six months to get them formed. When a habit forms at last，it feels uncomfortable not to do it， and your day doesn't feel complete without it.
（1）What can we infer from the first paragraph？　　
A. We have to keep the habits once formed. B. Most habits can be formed quickly.
C. We need sixty days to form a new habit. D. The time to form habits varies greatly.
（2）Why did the writer break the habit of getting up early sometimes？　　
A. He liked sleeping in bed for a while. B. He wanted to try something different.
C. He prepared breakfast for the family. D. He was afraid to wake up his family.
（3）What does the writer think more about the habit when he is in his forties？　　
A. The development of the habit. B. The expense of the habit.
C. The benefits of the habit. D. The limitation of the habit.
（4）In which part of a magazine is this text most probably taken from？　　
A. Education. B. Technology. C. Tourism. D. Entertainment.
【考点】日常生活类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。养成一个新的好习惯所需要的时间取决于个人、习惯本身、环境和动机。不要太关注养成一种新习惯所需要的时间长短。而要关注养成这种习惯可能会带来的好处。
【解答】（1）D.推理判断题。根据第一段的The time to form a new habit depends on the person，the habit itself， the environment， and the motivation.养成新习惯的时间取决于人、习惯本身、环境和动机。可知，养成习惯的时间差别很大。故选D.
（2）B.细节理解题。根据第二段的I do break this habit now and then， usually by choice to experience something different for a while. 我偶尔也会打破这个习惯，通常是选择暂时体验一些不同的东西。可知，作者有时会打破早起的习惯是为了尝试一些不同的东西。故选B.
（3）C.细节理解题。根据第三段的 Now that I'm in my late 40s，I have learned to think in a more practical way.I know that even if it takes many months or years to form a new habit，I am sure the habit could bring advantages for many years. 现在我已经40多岁了，我已经学会了用更实际的方式思考问题，我知道，即使需要几个月或几年的时间来形成一个新的习惯，我相信这个习惯会带来很多年的好处。可知，作者在四十多岁的时候对这个习惯的看法是这个习惯的好处。故选C.
（4）A.文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章围绕习惯展开介绍了影响一个新习惯养成的几点因素及养成好习惯可能带来的好处，应属于杂志教育版块的范畴。A. Education.教育；B. Technology.科技；C. Tourism.旅游；D. Entertainment娱乐。故选A.
Passage 5．（2021•山东模拟）
Have you been exercising and eating clean， but when you step on the scale， it says you've gained a few pounds？"That's normal， and it doesn't mean that your workouts are not effective"，says Jeffrey A. Dolgan，an exercise physiologist in Miami Beach， Florida.
"A person's scale mass is a combination of muscle，fat，bone，blood，and even the air that we carry in our lungs，" he says."Immediately after a workout routine，the percentage of mass in each body part can shift as much as 15 percent." So if you're gaining weight while working out and eating healthy， it's probably not the type of weight gain that you think it is.
The scale can't tell you how much of your body weight is muscle or fat， which means if your goal is to improve your fitness level， the scale is not the best tool for measuring improvements. When you start to change your body composition with your workouts﹣by building more muscle mass and decreasing your body fat﹣your scale weight may increase， while your body fat percentage may decrease. These changes happen over weeks and months（not hours or days） so the scale is useless when tracking them.
You may argue that you weigh a few pounds less after a high intensity（强度） training class. Don't get too excited﹣﹣it's just water loss due to sweat. Water makes up approximately 65 to 90 percent of a person's weight，and variation in water content of the human body can move the scale by ten pounds or more from day to day.
So ignore the scale and pay more attention to objective measurement tools like body composition.Keep in mind that if you're exercising but gaining weight， you may actually look slimmer.
（1）What can we know from Dolgan's words？　　
A. Your weight changes little during a day. B. Your scale mass is affected by many factors.
C. Your workout is not effective if you gain weight. D. Your weight is determined only by muscle and fat.
（2）What will most probably happen after you exercise and eat healthy for 3 months？　　
A. You will weigh less. B. Your muscle mass will decrease.
C. Your body fat will increase. D. Your body composition will change.
（3）How much water may a man weighing 150 pounds have in his body？　　
A. 30 pounds. B. 60 pounds. C. 100 pounds. D. 140 pounds.
（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the passage？　　
A. Why Do We Gain Weight？ B. How to Work Out Effectively？
C. What Is the Composition of Our Body？ D. Why Does My Workout Cause Weight Gain？
【考点】日常生活类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了在坚持锻炼并进行健康饮食的同时，体重不降反增的原因。
【解答】（1）B. 推理判断题。根据第二段 "A person's scale mass is a combination of muscle，fat，bone，blood，and even the air that we carry in our lungs，" he says.他说："一个人的体重是肌肉、脂肪、骨骼、血液，甚至我们肺部携带的空气的组合。由此可推知，体重受多种因素影响。故选B.
（2）D. 推理判断题。根据第三段内容尤其是第二句"The scale can't tell you how much of your body weight is muscle or fat， which means if your goal is to improve your fitness level， the scale is not the best tool for measuring improvements. When you start to change your body composition with your workouts﹣by building more muscle mass and decreasing your body fat﹣your scale weight may increase， while your body fat percentage may decrease. These changes happen over weeks and months（not hours or days） so the scale is useless when tracking them.体重秤不能告诉你你的体重中有多少是肌肉或脂肪，这意味着如果你的目标是提高你的健康水平，那么量表并不是衡量改善情况的最佳工具。当你开始通过锻炼来改变你的身体成分，通过增加肌肉质量和减少身体脂肪，你的体重秤可能会增加，而你的身体脂肪百分比可能会减少。这些变化会持续数周或数月（而不是数小时或数天），因此在跟踪这些变化时，量表是无用的。"由此可推知，在坚持锻炼并进行健康饮食后，你的身体组成会发生变化。故选D.
（3）C. 数字计算题。根据倒数第二段第三句中的"Water makes up approximately 65 to 90 percent of a person's weight，and variation in water content of the human body can move the scale by ten pounds or more from day to day.水大约占一个人体重的65%到90%，人体含水量的变化每天都会使体重秤移动10磅或更多。"由此可知，体重150磅的人体内含水量应在（150x65% ＝ ）97.5磅至（150 x90% ＝ ）135磅之间。故选C.
（4）D. 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要分析了坚持锻炼并进行健康饮食后体重不降反增的原因。D项"为什么我锻炼后体重反而增加了？"能概括文章主要内容，适合做本文的最佳标题。故选D.
Passage 6．（2021•山东模拟）
Small talk is meaningless conversation in terms of content， but is often seen as socially important in certain situations. Making small talk is a way to contact and connect with people. Non﹣personal comments about non﹣controversial subjects are usually considered as appropriate for this type of conversation.
Discussing the weather with people who you don't really know is an example of small talk that many of us are very familiar with on a daily basis. We may chat about the weather with the cashier at the supermarket or with the attendant at the gas station.Making conversation like this may also be related to the situation such as waiting in line. People in the line may talk to others about how slow it is in the post office or bank that day， for instance.
Small talk is often heard at parties when guests may know the host but not each other. It's considered rude not to speak with other guests at social functions， so talking about unimportant subjects can break the ice and get guests chatting. Compliments（恭维） are often used to accomplish this， such as one woman at the party praising another for her dress. Guests at the buffet table may talk about the types of food offered as they place items onto their plates.
Some people like small talk because they find silence uncomfortable and they enjoy communicating verbally. Others enjoy meeting new people and use it to start conversations. Some people don't like these kinds of conversations at all， and often dread（害怕） going to parties at least partly because of it.
When making small talk， especially with strangers or those you don't know very well，it's important to observe certain socially acceptable conventions. First，all subjects should be general and not personal or about controversial topics. Second，while compliments are acceptable， they shouldn't refer to the person's body or sound like a pick﹣up line.
（1）What is the purpose of the first paragraph？　　
A. To summarize the importance of small talk. B. To offer a general introduction to small talk.
C. To give related background about small talk. D. To describe popular subjects in small talk.
（2）What can we conclude about small talk in the second and third paragraphs？　　
A. It is easy to start in life. B. It enriches people's life.
C. It is linked to many factors. D. It is common in daily life.
（3）What can we learn from Paragraph 4？　　
A. All people don't like small talk. B. Those who like small talk also like parties.
C. Conversations go side by side with small talk. D. Small talk can sometimes bring about silence.
（4）What is the last paragraph mainly about？　　
A. What to note when making small talk with strangers. B. The impacts of making small talk with strangers.
C. The importance of starting small talk with strangers. D. How to make small talk with strangers.
【考点】日常生活类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了闲聊的定义、作用及其话题等。
【解答】（1）B.目的意图题。根据第一段的Small talk is meaningless conversation in terms of content， but is often seen as socially important in certain situations.就内容而言，闲聊是一种无意义的谈话，但在某些情况下，它往往被视为具有重要社会意义的谈话。可知，第一段主要是为了从整体上介绍闲聊。故选B.
（2）D.推理判断题。根据第二段的People in the line may talk to others about how slow it is in the post office or bank that day， for instance.（例如，排队的人可能会和其他人谈论那天邮局或银行的速度有多慢。）和第三段的 Small talk is often heard at parties when guests may know the host but not each other.（在聚会上经常听到闲聊，客人可能认识主人，但彼此不认识。）可知，闲聊在日常生活中很常见。故选D.
（3）A.推理判断题。根据第四段的Some people don't like these kinds of conversations at all， and often dread（害怕） going to parties at least partly because of it.有些人根本不喜欢这种谈话，而且常常害怕参加聚会，至少部分原因是这样。可知，并不是所有人都喜欢闲聊。故选A.
（4）A.段落大意题。根据最后一段的When making small talk， especially with strangers or those you don't know very well，it's important to observe certain socially acceptable conventions.在闲聊时，尤其是与陌生人或你不太熟悉的人闲聊时，遵守某些社会上可以接受的习惯是很重要的。可知，最后一段主要介绍了与陌生人闲聊时应注意的事项。故选A.
Passage 7．（2021•山东模拟）
One in five women and one in eight men are becoming more tired and less productive， according to a new study on mobile phone use.
Led by the Queensland University of Technology in Australia， researchers surveyed 709 mobile phone users across the country aged 18 to 83 and asked them a series of questions based on a similar study 13 years ago. Identifying a phenomenon "technoference（科技干扰）"， researchers discovered a significant increase in people blaming their devices for "losing sleep， becoming less productive， taking more risks while driving， etc".
According to study led by Dr. Oscar， the issue is so bad that 24% of women and 15% of men are now considered to be "problematic mobile phone users "."When we talk about technoference， we mean the everyday interruptions that people experience due to mobile phones，" he said."Our survey found technoference had increased among men and women. For example，self﹣reports relating to loss of sleep and productivity showed that these negative outcomes had significantly increased during the last 13 years. This finding suggests that mobile phones are increasingly affecting aspects of daytime functioning due to lack of sleep."
Compared to a 2005 study， "technoference" issues for 18﹣to 24﹣year﹣olds jumped a surprising 40.9%，while those aged 25 to 29 also recorded a dramatic increase of 23.5%.
Oscar said that with the number of smartphone users around the world expected to surpass 2.5 billion before the end of this year， the problem of "technoference" could get even worse."The speed and depth of smartphone lake﹣up in Australia makes our population particularly easy to be hurt some of the negative consequences of high mobile phone use，" he said. "Rapid technological innovations over the past few years have led to drastic changes in today's mobile phone technology，which can improve the quality of life for phone users but also result in some negative outcomes."
（1）What does technoference refer to？　　
A. The loss of sleep due to digital devices. B. The reduction of production during work.
C. The risks taken while driving vehicles. D. The daily disturbance owing to cellphones.
（2）What is true about Dr. Oscar's study？　　
A. Young women are easier to be influenced by technoference.
B. Loss of memory has significantly increased among men.
C. Technoference makes it easier for people to fall asleep.
D. Technoference issues have slightly worsened in the last 13 years.
（3）What does the underlined word "drastic" in Paragraph 5 mean？　　
A. Harmful. B. Fierce. C. Vague. D. Regular.
（4）What's Oscar's attitude towards rapid technological innovations？　　
A. Approving yet concerned. B. Excited but cautious. C. Satisfied yet uncaring. D. Worried but hopeful.
【考点】日常生活类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了最近的一项针对手机对于人群的影响的研究，及其与2005年的相似研究的数据对比所得出的相关结论。
【解答】（1）D.细节理解题。根据第三段的When we talk about technoference， we mean the everyday interruptions that people experience due to mobile phones，当我们谈论科技干扰时，我们指的是人们每天因手机而受到的干扰。可知，科技干扰指的是手机引起的日常干扰。故选D.
（2）A.推理判断题。根据第三段的According to study led by Dr. Oscar， the issue is so bad that 24% of women and 15% of men are now considered to be "problematic mobile phone users ".根据奥斯卡博士领导的研究，这个问题非常严重，24%的女性和15%的男性被认为是"有问题的手机用户"。可知，年轻女性更容易受到科技干扰的影响。故选A.
（3）B.词义猜测题。根据最后一段的Rapid technological innovations over the past few years have led to drastic changes in today's mobile phone technology，which can improve the quality of life for phone users but also result in some negative outcomes.在过去几年里，快速的技术革新导致了当今移动电话技术的____变化，这在改善手机用户的生活质量的同时也带来了一些负面的后果。可知这些年科技干扰在如今的手机科技中引起了剧烈变化。A. Harmful.有害的；B. Fierce.剧烈的，激烈的；C. Vague. 含糊的；D. Regular.有规律的。故选B.
（4）A.观点态度题。根据最后一段的Rapid technological innovations over the past few years have led to drastic changes in today's mobile phone technology，which can improve the quality of life for phone users but also result in some negative outcomes.在过去几年里，快速的技术革新导致了当今移动电话技术的剧烈变化，这在改善手机用户的生活质量的同时也带来了一些负面的后果。由此可知，奥斯卡对快速的技术创新持赞成态度，但是对此也有些许的担心。A. Approving yet concerned.赞成却又担心；B. Excited but cautious.兴奋但谨慎；C. Satisfied yet uncaring.满意但不关心；D. Worried but hopeful. 忧虑但充满希望。故选A.
Passage 8．（2020•浙江模拟）
When I was living near the poverty line for a couple of years， the only way I could keep from overdrawing my bank account was to pay for daily necessities in cash．
It's just easier to control your spending when you use cash． You open your wallet and can't help but see exactly how much you have， and how much you have left． When you're out of money， you're out． Since most banks I've done business with will let you keep using a debit card（借记卡） for purchases even when you're at a zero balance， it's easy to get into a hole accidentally using a card．
My situation is just one example of why cash is so important． Of course， some people are paid in cash， and others don't qualify for a credit card． Some people just don't like using banks at all ﹣ and there is no legal requirement for anyone to have a bank account．
Despite all the reasons someone might want to or need to pay cash， plenty of new businesses have gone cashless（or tried to）． It's currently illegal to refuse to take cash in Massachusetts（a law there has required it since 1978）and New Jersey passed a bill banning it last year． The cities of San Francisco， Chicago，Philadelphia， and Washington， D． C， have as well， and New York City is the most recent city to pass a bill banning the practice．
Simply put， "Consumers should have the right to choose if they want to pay in cash or not，" Ritchie Torres the New York bills lead sponsor， told The New York Times．
Businesses have argued that it's easier and faster for them not to accept cash， and the NYC burrito chain Dos Toros said that getting rid of cash both led to a more efficient（高效的） operation and solved the problem of potential robberies． "For a business， running an efficient operation is the difference between staying open and shutting down，" Leo Kremer， co﹣owner of Dos Toros Taqueria， said at a city council hearing on the subject．
While that might be true， not accepting cash plainly discriminates against those who cannot or choose not to have a credit or debit card． "In the end， I think the need for justice is more important than the efficiency gains of a cashless business model． Human rights matter more than efficiency gains，" said Torres．
（1）Why did the author choose to pay in cash when she lived in poverty？　　
A． She didn't qualify for a bank card． B． She hated doing business with banks．
C． She thought it much more convenient． D． She hoped to control her daily expenses．
（2）What does the underlined phrase "the practice" in paragraph 4 refer to？　　
A． Paying in cash B． Paying by credit card．
C． Refusing to accept cash． D． Refusing to have a bank account．
（3）Which of the following is probably an advantage of not accepting cash？　　
A． It will help customers stay on a tight budget．
B． It will get businesses running more efficiently．
C． It will reduce the number of all kinds of crimes．
D． It will make purchase more convenient for customers．
（4）What is Torres' attitude towards businesses going cashless？　　
A． Disapproving． B． Favorable． C． Tolerant． D． Reserved．
【考点】日常生活类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文章主要讲述了作者曾经使用现金支付的方式来控制自己的消费，后文现金交易和无现金交易的区别进行了说明。
【解答】（1）D.细节理解题。根据文章第一、二段When I was living near the poverty line for a couple of years， the only way I could keep from overdrawing my bank account was to pay for daily necessities in cash．It's just easier to control your spending when you use cash．（当我在贫困线附近生活了几年的时候，我能避免银行账户透支的唯一办法就是用现金支付日常生活用品，因此在使用现金时更容易控制开支 ）可知，作者在贫困的时候选择使用现金支付是为了控制自己的消费，故选D.
（2）A.词义猜测题。根据文章第四段 It's currently illegal to refuse to take cash in Massachusetts（a law there has required it since 1978）and New Jersey passed a bill banning it last year． The cities of San Francisco， Chicago，Philadelphia， and Washington， D． C， have as well， and New York City is the most recent city to pass a bill banning the practice．（目前，在马萨诸塞州拒绝接受现金是违法的（那里的法律从1978年起就要求接受现金），新泽西州去年通过了一项禁止接受现金的法案。旧金山、芝加哥、费城和华盛顿特区也都通过了这项法案，而纽约市是最近通过一项禁止接受现金的法案的城市）可知，划线单词意为："用现金支付"，A． Paying in cash以现金支付；B． Paying by credit card信用卡支付；C． Refusing to accept cash拒绝接受现金；D． Refusing to have a bank account拒绝拥有银行账户，故选A.
（3）D.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段Businesses have argued that it's easier and faster for them not to accept cash， and the NYC burrito chain Dos Toros said that getting rid of cash both led to a more efficient（高效的） operation and solved the problem of potential robberies．（商家认为，不接受现金更容易、更快，纽约市煎饼连锁店Dos Toros说，处理现金既能提高运营效率，又能解决潜在抢劫问题）可知，不使用现金能使得顾客的购买更加的方便，故选D.
（4）A.观点态度题。根据文章最后一段While that might be true， not accepting cash plainly discriminates against those who cannot or choose not to have a credit or debit card． "In the end， I think the need for justice is more important than the efficiency gains of a cashless business model． Human rights matter more than efficiency gains，" said Torres．（虽然这可能是事实，但不接受现金显然是对那些不能或选择不拥有信用卡或借记卡的人的歧视。托雷斯说："归根结底，我认为正义的需要比无现金商业模式的效率收益更重要，人权比效率收益更重要。"）可知，托雷斯对于无现金业务是反对的，A． Disapproving反对的；B． Favorable赞同的；C． Tolerant宽容的；D． Reserved保留的，故选A.
Passage 9．（2020•辽宁二模）
Six supporters of PETA （People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals）， including one inside a cat costume and another dressed as a pig， marched on the sidewalk outside High School District 113 in Highland Park， Illinois， US． Their goal was to get the district to end animal dissection（解剖） in science classes．
Animal dissection has always divided people： Is it right to dissect frogs， pigs or other animals in school science classes， particularly when computers can show detailed images of the parts of animals？
"Especially with all the violence in the US， it is important we teach children compassion for all living beings， said Mysti Lee， assistant campaign manager for PETA．
The American Anti﹣Vivisection Society reports that 18 states， including Illinois， have laws allowing students to choose alternatives to dissection． And in recent years， biology classes have moved toward the study of cells， molecules（分子） and genetics． "Dissection is horrific （可怕的） and unnecessary，" protester Victor Przysiezny said．
However， most biology teachers believe that dissection is an important part of education when done right． "It's one thing to see it on a computer screen，" said Jaclyn Reeves． "Its another to see the size and scale． Science is about getting your hands dirty．" She added that dissection can inspire students to take up a career in biology or put them off．
At its recent protest in Highland Park， PET A singled out Bio Corp．， a company that provides frogs， pigs， turtles， rabbits， cats and other animals and their parts for educational purposes． Following the charges of animal cruelty， Bill Wadd， co﹣owner of Bio Corp．， invited city officials to tour Bio Corp． He said that more than 98 percent of the animals Bio Corp received last year were already dead． "We just take what people would throw away，" Wadd said． "Instead of throwing it in the trash， why not have students learn from it？"
District 113 spokeswoman Christine Gonzales said that district officials would think about using computer images in class instead． "We are always looking for new and innovative methods， because we do want to ensure our kids get the best instruction and are kind to all creatures，" she said．
（1）Who opposes animal dissection？　　
A． Illinois' local residents． B． Victor Przysiezny． C． Jaclyn Reeves． D． Bill Wadd．
（2）What does the underlined phrase in Pharaoh 5 mean？　　
A． Getting personally involved in a task． B． Becoming involved with something illegal．
C． Observing an operation on a computer screen． D． Making your hands unclean by hard work．
（3）What do we know about Bio Corp．？　　
A． It gets rid of dead animals as trash． B． It is a member company of PETA．
C． It gets along very well with local officials． D． It offers mostly dead animals for research．
（4）What is the attitude of District 113 to ending animal dissection？　　
A． Supportive． B． Cautious． C． Disapproving． D． Doubtful．
【考点】日常生活类阅读；议论文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章说明了善待动物组织的六名支持者在美国伊利诺斯州高地公园113高中区外的人行道上游行，其中一名身穿猫装，另一名装扮成猪。他们的目标是让学区在科学课上结束动物解剖。文章主要说明了不同的人和组织机构对于动物解剖的看法和态度。
【解答】（1）B. 细节理解题。根据第四段中"Dissection is horrific and unnecessary，" protester Victor Przysiezny said.可知"解剖是可怕的，也没有必要，"抗议者Victor Przysiezny说。由此可知，Victor Przysiezny反对动物解剖。故选B。
（2）A. 词义猜测题。根据上文However， most biology teachers believe that dissection is an important part of education when done right. "It's one thing to see it on a computer screen，" said Jaclyn Reeves.可知然而，大多数生物教师认为，如果做得好，解剖是教育的重要组成部分。"在电脑屏幕上看到它是一回事，"Jaclyn Reeves说。由此可知，Jaclyn Reeves认为科学要进行实际的操作，要亲自参与其中。划线短语"getting your hands dirty"意思为"亲自参与一项任务"。故选A。
（3）D. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Following the charges of animal cruelty， Bill Wadd， co﹣owner of Bio Corp.， invited city officials to tour Bio Corp. He said that more than 98 percent of the animals Bio Corp received last year were already dead. "We just take what people would throw away，" Wadd said. "Instead of throwing it in the trash， why not have students learn from it？"可知在受到虐待动物的指控后，Bio公司的合伙人Bill Wadd邀请市政府官员参观Bio公司。他说，Bio公司去年接收的动物中超过98%已经死亡。"我们只接受人们扔掉的东西，"瓦德说。"与其把它扔进垃圾桶，为什么不让学生们从中学习呢？"由此可知，Bio公司提供的大多是死去的动物。故选D。
（4）A. 推理判断题。根据最后一段District 113 spokeswoman Christine Gonzales said that district officials would think about using computer images in class instead. "We are always looking for new and innovative methods， because we do want to ensure our kids get the best instruction and are kind to all creatures，" she said.可知District 113发言人Christine Gonzales说，地区官员将考虑在课堂上使用电脑图象。她说："我们一直在寻找新的和创新的方法，因为我们确实想确保我们的孩子得到最好的指导，并善待所有的生物。"由此可推知，District 113对结束动物解剖的态度是支持的。A． Supportive支持；B． Cautious谨慎；C． Disapproving不赞成；D． Doubtful怀疑。故选A。
Passage 10．（2020•河南模拟）
Altruistic（利他的） people tend to score higher on many measures of life satisfaction． Yes， that seems contrary to common sense， and such measures can admittedly be subjective （主观的）． So a research team decided to explore the relationship between selflessness and two outcomes we are evolutionarily programmed to desire wealth and fertility（繁殖力）．
It reports generous people have more children than selfish ones． What's more， as a rule， they also earn more money． It further finds "people generally expect selfish persons to have higher incomes"， an unsupported belief that can inspire bad behavior． In fact， a research team led by Kimmo Eriksson of Stockholm University， being socially conscious literally brings advantages at a later date．
In the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology， the researchers describe some studies that explore this connection． One of them was the UK Household Longitudinal Study， a representative sample of British households． The researchers compared the responses people gave regarding altruistic behavior in 2010 with their income and number of children in 2016． The researchers report altruistic people "had a greater increase in the number of children， and a greater increase in income， than selfish respondents．"
How to explain the link with fertility？ The researchers point to two possibilities． Selfish people tend to have "lower﹣quality relationships"， which means they "have fewer chances to have children"， they note． In addition， such people "may simply be less interested in having children， given the time， money and other forms of self﹣sacrifice that having and raising children typically entails．"
If a nation's leader sets societal standards， were certainly not prioritizing（优先考虑） altruistic behavior at the moment． But that could change if word gets out that generous people make the most money﹣as well as enjoy better lives． Perhaps it's time for a more accurate reality television show： Lifestyles of the Helpful and Happy．
（1）What common belief is mentioned in the text？　　
A． Selfish people seem to live a lonely life． B． Selfish people tend to earn more money．
C． Altruistic people enjoy more life satisfaction． D． Altruistic people like to have more children．
（2）What does the underlined word "entails" in paragraph 4 probably mean？　　
A． Causes． B． Consumes． C． Requires． D． Selects．
（3）Why are selfish people unwilling to have children？　　
A． They fear to lose chances to enjoy themselves． B． They're afraid of getting on badly with others．
C． They can't earn enough money to raise children． D． They have a tendency to dislike noisy children．
（4）How can we contribute to more altruistic behaviors in life in the author's opinion？　　
A． By setting necessary societal standards officially． B． By rewarding those generous people materially．
C． By encouraging funny reality television show． D． By educating people on benefits of generosity．
【考点】日常生活类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现无私大方的人孩子更多，挣钱也更多。
【解答】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第二段"It further finds people generally expect selfish persons to have higher incomes'， an unsupported belief that can inspire bad behavior. （研究还发现，人们普遍认为自私的人有更高的收入）"可知，人们通常认为自私者挣钱更多。故选B。
（2）C .词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句子中"the time， money and other forms of self﹣sacrifice"这些都是养育孩子所需要的，A． Causes导致；B． Consumes消耗；C． Requires需要；D． Selects选择。 ntails 与requires在语境上意思一致。故选C。
（3）A.推理判断题. 根据第四段"In addition， such people may simply be less interested in having children， given the time， money and other forms of self﹣sacrifice that having and raising children typically entails.（此外，这样的人可能只是对生孩子不太感兴趣，因为考虑到生孩子并抚养需要时间、钱以及其他形式的自我牺牲）"可推断，自私的人不想要小孩是因为他们不想失去自己享乐的机会。故选 A。
（4）D.推理判断题。根据最后一段"But that could change if word gets out that generous people make the most money﹣as well as enjoy better lives. Perhaps it's time for a more accurate reality television show： Lifestyles of the Helpful and Happy.（但是，如果有人说慷慨的人既能创造最多的财富，又能享受到更好的生活，这种情况可能会改变。也许是时候推出一个更精确的电视真人秀了：生活方式。）"可推断，作者认为在生活中我们可以通过教育人们关于慷慨大方的优点来促成更多的利他主义行为。故选 D。