所属成套资源:2021届 高考英语复习之高考真题阅读词块精析
2021届高考英语复习之真题阅读词块与阅读练习(六十三)含答案学案
展开这是一份2021届高考英语复习之真题阅读词块与阅读练习(六十三)含答案学案,共11页。
一:真题试做
Languages have been cming and ging fr thusands f years, but in recent times there has been less cming and a lt mre ging. When the the wrld was still ppulated by hunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)grups develped their wn patterns f speech independent f each ther.Sme language experts believe that 10,000 years ag, when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple, they spke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Sn afterwards, many f thse peple started settling dwn t becme farmers, and their languages t became mre settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade,industrialisatin. the develpment f the natin-state and the spread f universal cmpulsry educatin. Especially glbalisatin and better cmmunicatins in the past few decades,all have caused many Languages t disappear,and dminant languages such as English.Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.
At present, the wrld has abut 6 800 languages. The distributin f these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild znes have relatively few languages. Often spken by many peple while ht. wet znes have lts, ften spken by small numbers.Eurpe has nly arund 200 Languages: the Americas abut 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, f which Papua New Guinea alne accunts fr well ver 800. The median number (中位数)f speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the wrlds languages are spken by fewer peple than that.
Already well ver 400 f the ttal f, 6,800 languages are clse t extinctin(消亡), with nly a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at randm, Busuu in Camern (eight remaining speakers),Chiapanec in Mexic(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(tw r three)r Wadjigu in Australia (ne, with a questin-mark): nne f these seems t have much chance f survival.
1. What can we infer abut languages in huntergatherer times?
A.They develped very fast. B. They were large in number.
C. They had similar patters. D. They were clsely cnnected
2. Which f the fllwing best explains"dminant " underlined in paragraph 2?
A.Cmplex. B. Advanced.
C.Pwerful. D.Mdem.
3. Hw many languages are spken by less than 6, 000 peple at present?
A.Abut 6 800 B.Abut 3 400
C.Abut 2.400 D.Abut 1-200
4. What is the min idea f the text?
A. New languages will be created.
B Peples lifestyles are reflected in languages
C. Human develpment results in fewer languages
D. Gegraphy determines language evlutin.
参考答案:BCBC
二:词块梳理
1:recent
英[ˈriːsnt] 美[ˈriːsnt]
adj. 近来的;最新的
双语例句
1.Cnsumptin f il has declined in recent years.
石油消耗量在最近几年下降了.
2.The Chinese Gvernment is deeply cncerned at the recent develpment.
中国政府对事态发展深表关切.
3.The rabbit is a relatively recent intrductin in Australia.
兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种.
2:ppulate
英[ˈpɒpjuleɪt] 美[ˈpɑːpjuleɪt]
vt. 居住于;生活于;移民于;占据
变形
过去分词:ppulated
现在分词:ppulating
过去式:ppulated
第三人称单数:ppulates
双语例句
1.A prblem ccurred when the wizard attempted t ppulate the cluster hive.
向导试图填充群集配置单元时发生错误.
2.Immigrants frm all ver the wrld ppulate this city.
这个城市里生活着来自世界各地的移民.
3.The cntrl handler wuld then rip ut the necessary data t ppulate the cntrl.
组件句柄将必要的数据填充到相关组件中.
3:knit
英[nɪt] 美[nɪt]
vt.& vi. 编织,编结;接合(折骨等);使皱起,使皱紧;使紧密相联
n. 编织物;编织法
变形
过去分词:knitted
现在分词:knitting
过去式:knitted
复数:knits
第三人称单数:knits
双语例句
1.Can this brken bne knit up?
这根断骨能接好 吗 ?
2.She culd knit up a baby's cat in an afternn.
她能在一个下午织好一件婴儿的衣服.
3.It can knit fish scale fabric, drill flannelette . These fabrics can make cstume , sprtswear warm furnishings.
可编织成鱼鳞布 、 斜纹布、法兰西双卫衣布,相关产品可制成女装、运动装 、 保暖服饰.
4:independent
英[ˌɪndɪˈpendənt] 美[ˌɪndɪˈpendənt]
adj. 独立的;公正的;无关联的;自立的;私立的;无党派的
n. 无党派议员
变形
副词:independently
比较级:mre independent
最高级:mst independent
复数:independents
双语例句
1.An independent adviser has been brught in t cnciliate between the tw sides invlved in the cnflict.
一位独立顾问被请来调停卷入冲突的两方.
2.Mrcc is an independent mnarchy.
摩洛哥是个独立的君主国家.
3.The seasns change, independent f anyne's wishes.
四季变化不受任何人约束.
5:expert
英[ˈekspɜːt] 美[ˈekspɜːrt]
n. 行家
adj. 娴熟的;行家的;专业的
变形
副词:expertly
复数:experts
双语例句
1.He is very expert at repairing TV sets.
他修理电视机很内行.
2.My father was an expert marksman.
我父亲曾是个神枪手.
3.Ry is the expert s they gave him a free hand t srt ut the prblem.
罗伊是专家,因此他们让他可以自主地处理那个问题.
6:perhaps
英[pəˈhæps , præps] 美[pərˈhæps]
adv. 可能;也许;或者;大概
变形
复数:perhapses
双语例句
1.Yu want t make stay lng in Beijing, perhaps?
你要在北京呆很长一段时间 吗 ?
2.Perhaps yu wuld like t see it?
你可能想看这东西吧?
3.The price was kncked dwn t £3. Perhaps he'll knck the price dwn a little if the glass is brken.
价格降到了三英镑. 如果玻璃有破损,或许他还会再降点儿.
7:afterwards
英[ˈɑːftəwədz] 美[ˈæftərwərdz]
adv. 以后,后来
双语例句
1.Afterwards he went abrad.
之后他到国外去了.
2.Sn afterwards five explsins were heard frm the area.
此后不久从那个地方传来五次爆炸声.
3.Sn afterwards, the balln began t descend and it landed near an airfield.
后来不久, 那只气球开始下降了,结果它在一个机场附近着陆了.
8:universal
英[ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl] 美[ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsl]
adj. 普遍(存在)的,全体的;宇宙的,全世界的
n. 普遍原则,通用原理
变形
名词:universality
双语例句
1.Savants f Eurpe have fund in his wrds the ring f universal truth.
欧洲专家发现了他的言词包围着宇宙真理.
2.Secndly , it intrduces universal lamp hlder.
介绍一种通用型光源灯座.
3.There is n universal prescriptin fr discvering these simplifying patterns f nature.
对于怎样才能发现自然界的这些简化图式,并没有什么万能的方法.
9:cmpulsry
英[kəmˈpʌlsəri] 美[kəmˈpʌlsəri]
adj. 强迫的;义务的;规定的
变形
副词:cmpulsrily
双语例句
1.Attendance at the meeting is cmpulsry.
会议是必须参加的.
2.The authr emphasizes essentiality f peratr quality and advances that peratr's educatin must be cmpulsry.
强调了旅游经营者素质的重要性,提出对旅游经营者教育应采取强制的方式.
3.Languages are n lnger cmpulsry fr pupils aged 14 and ver.
外语再也不只是14岁和14以上学生的必修课了.
10:dminant
英[ˈdɒmɪnənt] 美[ˈdɑːmɪnənt]
adj. 占支配地位的;显著的;(基因)显性的
变形
名词:dminance
双语例句
1.The British were frmerly dminant in India.
英国人从前统治印度.
2.Q: Ferrari were s dminant in the States but can they keep up that impetus?
问: 法拉利在美国非常具有统治性,但他们能继续保持那样的进步 吗 ?
3.Meanwhile fluid trap, which mainly frmed in Yanshan Mvement and Himalayan Mvement, is nt dminant. 4.
流体圈闭是燕山和喜山运动的产物, 在研究区不占主要地位.
11:distributin
英[ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn] 美[ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn]
n. 分配;分布;分销
变形
形容词:distributinal
复数:distributins
双语例句
1.The twn cuncil passed a law frbidding the distributin f handbills.
市议会通过法律,禁止散发传单.
2.It is the parameter f distributin.
这就是分布参数.
3.Pines have a very wide distributin.
松树的分布很广.
12:relative
英[ˈrelətɪv] 美[ˈrelətɪv]
n. 亲戚;同类事物
adj. 相对的;比较的;相比之下存在;关于;指代前面句子(的一部分)
变形
复数:relatives
双语例句
1.A stranger wh is kind is a relative; an unkind relative is a stranger.
善良的陌生人是亲戚, 冷漠的亲戚是陌生人.
2.A distant relative is nt as gd as a near neighbur.
远亲不如近邻.
3.I have a distant relative in this small twn.
在这个小镇上我有一个远亲.
13:extinctin
英[ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn] 美[ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn]
n. 灭绝,消亡
双语例句
1.The plant is nw in danger f extinctin.
这种植物现在有绝种的危险.
2.The animals were ruthlessly hunted t the verge f extinctin.
这些动物由于遭到无情的捕猎而濒于灭绝.
14:randm
英[ˈrændəm] 美[ˈrændəm]
adj. 随机的;奇怪的;任意的
变形
副词:randmly
名词:randmness
双语例句
1.The symptms are seemingly randm stppages in prductin and premature failures in the electrnics.
表面上看来,这些症状可以是生产过程的随机停止,和电子元件的过早故障.
2.Yur character is spawned at a randm lcatin.
你的特种兵角色被随机放置在地图的一个位置.
三:阅读训练
Being crazy abut perfectin(完美) amng yung peple has risen by mre than 30 percent ver the last three decades, a study has fund.
Many f them believe that their envirnment is very demanding and that thers judge them strictly, accrding t the analysis f the data frm mre than 40,000 British, Canadian and American university students frm 1989 t 2018.
The research, carried ut by the University f Bath and Yrk St Jhn University, fund that the extent t which yung peple attach irratinal imprtance t being perfect, hld unrealistic expectatins f themselves and are highly self-critical has increased by 10 percent when cmpared t previus generatins. The authrs suggested their findings pint t the impact f three decades f neliberalism (新自由主义) frcing yung peple t cmpete against ne anther.
Lead authr Dr Thmas Curran frm the University f Bath’s Department fr Health said he hped rganizatins respnsible fr guarding the welfare f yung peple, such as schls,universities, and plicymakers wh shape the envirnments in which these rganizatins perate, wuld resist the prmtin f cmpetitiveness at the expense f yung peple’s psychlgical health.
He said, “Rising rates f perfectinism highlighted in this study crrespnd t three decades f neliberalism, which has frced yung peple t cmpete against each ther in an increasingly demanding scial and ecnmic envirnment.” The study als fund the extent t which yung peple impse (迫使) unrealistic standards n thse arund them and evaluate thers critically has increased by 16 percent.
The researchers defined perfectinism as a cmbinatin f extremely high persnal standards and verly harsh self-criticism, leading t psychlgical difficulties.
C-authr Dr Andrew Hill f Yrk St Jhn University added, “The increase in mental health difficulties amng yung peple makes fr a setting fr ur findings. The higher level f perfectinism may be a key cntributing factr t such difficulties. Yung peple are trying t find ways t cpe with increasing demands being placed n them and they are respnding by becming mre perfect twards themselves and thers.”
1.What d yung peple think causes them t pursue perfectin?
A.Their autnmus effrts.
B.The traditinal requirements.
C.The external expectatins.
D.Their scial respnsibility.
2.What des the underlined wrd “irratinal” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Impssible.B.Unreasnable.C.Invaluable.D.Illegal.
3.Wh shuld take the respnsibility t avid yung peple’s fierce cmpetitin?
A.Educatin departments.B.Scial rganizatins.
C.Lawmakers.D.Ecnmic plicymakers.
4.Which f the fllwing is a result f pursuing perfectin?
A.Learning difficulties.B.Mental truble.
C.High self-assessment.D.Gaining independence.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章讲述了导致年轻人追求完美的原因及其引起的后果,同时呼吁相关的教育部门采取措施避免年轻人之间的激烈竞争,以此保护年轻人的身心健康。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话Many f them believe that their envirnment is very demanding and that thers judge them strictly...可知,一些年轻人认为是外在因素对他们的高要求和高期望导致了他们追求完美,故选C。
2.B 词义猜测题。根据画线部分前后内容可知,有些年轻人会特别注重追求完美,对自身有着不切实际的期望及过高的自我批评,可以猜出irratinal意为“不合理的”,故选B。
3.A 细节理解题。根据文章第四段可以看出,作者认为一些教育部门该来负责制止年轻人之间过于激烈的竞争,故选A。本题容易误选B,“社会组织”与原文是不相符的。
4.B 推理判断题。根据文章最后两段可知过于追求完美会导致精神方面的困难与不健康,故选B。目录
内容
第一部分
高考真题试做
第二部分
真题词块解析
第三部分
模拟题训练
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