2021届高考英语复习之真题阅读词块与阅读练习（五十九）含答案学案

这是一份2021届高考英语复习之真题阅读词块与阅读练习（五十九）含答案学案，共13页。

一：真题试做
Wuld yu BET n the future f this man？He is 53 years ld. Mst f his adult life has been a lsing struggle against debt and misfrtune. A war injury has made his left hand stp functining，and he has ften been in prisn. Driven by heaven-knws-what mtives，he determines t write a bk.
The bk turns ut t be ne that has appealed t the wrld fr mre than 350 years. That frmer prisner was Cervantes, and the bk was Dn Quixte（《堂吉诃德》）. And the stry pses an interesting questin: why d sme peple discver new vitality and creativity t the end f their days，while thers g t seed lng befre？
We've all knwn peple wh run ut f steam befre they reach life's halfway mark. I'm nt talking abut thse wh fail t get t the tp. We can't all get there. I'm talking abut peple wh have stpped learning n grwing because they have adpted the fixed attitudes and pinins that all t ften cme with passing years.
Mst f us, in fact, prgressively narrw the variety f ur lives. We succeed in ur field f specializatin and then becme trapped in it. Nthing surprises us. We lse ur sense f wnder. But，if we are willing t lean，the pprtunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldm invlve infrmatin and skills. We learn t bear with the things we can't change. We learn t avid self-pity. We learn that hwever much we try t please，sme peple are never ging t lve us-an idea that trubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high mtivatin and enthusiasm，we can keep n learning. Then we will knw hw imprtant it is t have meaning in ur life. Hwever, we can achieve meaning nly if we have made a cmmitment t smething larger than ur wn little egs（自我）, whether t lved nes, t fellw humans, t wrk, r t sme mral cncept.
Many f us equate（视…等同于）“cmmitment” with such “caring” ccupatins as teaching and nursing. But ding any rdinary jb as well as ne can is in itself an admirable cmmitment. Peple wh wrk tward such excellence—whether they are driving a truck, r running a stre-make the wrld better just by being the kind f peple they are. They've learned life's mst valuable lessn.
51. The passage starts with the stry f Cervantes t shw that_________.
A. lss f freedm stimulates ne's creativity
B. age is nt a barrier t achieving ne's gal
C. misery inspires a man t fight against his fate
D. disability cannt stp a man's pursuit f success
52. What des the underlined part in Paragraph 3 prbably mean？
A. End ne's struggle fr liberty.
B. Waste ne's energy taking risks.
C. Miss the pprtunity t succeed.
D. Lse the interest t cntinue learning.
53. What culd be inferred frm Paragraph 4？
A. Thse wh dare t try ften get themselves trapped.
B. Thse wh tend t think back can hardly g ahead.
C. Opprtunity favrs thse with a curius mind.
D. Opprtunity awaits thse with a cautius mind.
54. What des the authr intend t tell us in Paragraph 5？
A. A tugh man can tlerate suffering.
B. A wise man can live withut self-pity.
C. A man shuld try t satisfy peple arund him.
D. A man shuld learn suitable ways t deal with life.
55. What is the authr's purpse in writing the passage？
A. T prvide guidance n leading a meaningful adult life.
B. T stress the need f shuldering respnsibilities at wrk.
C. T state the imprtance f generating mtivatin fr learning.
D. T suggest a way f pursuing excellence in ur lifelng career.
参考答案：BDCDA
二：词块梳理
1：debt
英[det] 美[det]
n. 债务；负债；恩情；人情债
变形
复数：debts
双语例句
1.The bard has s miscnducted the cmpany that it's deep in debt.
由于董事会对公司管理不善,公司负债累累.
2.I we yu a debt f gratitude which I shall never be able t repay.
我永远报答不尽你的恩情.
3.Stp spending s fast, r yu'll end us up in debt.
别花钱这么快, 否则你就要叫我们背债了.
2：misfrtune
英[ˌmɪsˈfɔːtʃuːn] 美[ˌmɪsˈfɔːrtʃuːn]
n. 不幸，厄运；灾难；不幸事故
变形
复数：misfrtunes
双语例句
1.There is n ther misfrtune that culd be cmpared with the lss f time.
没有一种不幸可与失掉时间相比.
2.Her career was dgged by misfrtune.
她一生屡遭不幸.
3.It means t take spiteful , malicius delight in the misfrtune f thers.
它的意思是把自己的快乐建立在别人的痛苦不幸之上.
3：functin
英[ˈfʌŋkʃn] 美[ˈfʌŋkʃn]
n. 功能；函数；因变量；宴会
v. 工作；发挥功能
变形
过去分词：functined
现在分词：functining
过去式：functined
复数：functins
第三人称单数：functins
双语例句
1.Making cpies f thse plates fr different users is an imprtant functin f the library.
把这些照片复制,供给不同的使用者是该馆的一项重要任务.
2.The functin f the kidneys is t excrete wastes frm the bdy.
肾的功能是排泄人体里的废物.
3.An imbalance in certain chemicals leads t disturbances in the brain's functin.
某些化学成分失衡会道致大脑功能的紊乱.
4：prisn
英[ˈprɪzn] 美[ˈprɪzn]
n. 监狱，看守所
变形
复数：prisns
双语例句
1.Three fugitives frm the prisn are still at large.
三名逃犯仍然未被抓获.
2.The judge clapped the criminal in prisn.
法官把犯人投入狱中.
3.He brke prisn and went abrad.
他越狱逃到国外去了.
5：mtive
英[ˈməʊtɪv] 美[ˈmʊtɪv]
n. 动机，主旨；（艺术作品的）主题，题材
adj. 运动的；动机的；发动的
变形
形容词：mtiveless
复数：mtives
双语例句
1.This study was dne by the Natinal Institutes f Health, nt anybdy with any ulterir mtive.
这项研究是由美国国家卫生研究院来进行的, 所以并不会像有些调查一样存在着某些不可告人的动机.
2.The crime seemed t have been cmmitted withut mtive.
这一罪案似乎并无作案动机.
3.Mtive pwer is, in quantity, invariable in nature, it is never either prduced r destryed.
原动力在数量上实质是不变的, 它绝不会产生也不会消失.
6：appeal
英[əˈpiːl] 美[əˈpiːl]
v. 呼吁，恳请；上诉，申诉；对…有吸引力；劝说
n. 呼吁，恳求；募捐；上诉，申诉；吸引力，感染力；打动
变形
过去分词：appealed
现在分词：appealing
过去式：appealed
复数：appeals
第三人称单数：appeals
双语例句
1.I appeal t yu t vte against him.
我想请你投他的反对票.
2.She will appeal against the judge's decisin.
她要对判决提出上诉.
3.The principal made anther vain appeal fr better equipment in the schl labratry.
校长又一次请求增加学校实验设备,但又是一场空.
7：prisner
英[ˈprɪznə(r)] 美[ˈprɪznər]
n. 囚犯；俘虏；为…所困的人
变形
复数：prisners
双语例句
1.The prisner was cmmitted fr trial.
那名囚犯被提交审判.
2.Let's wall the prisner up in the castle.
咱们把这个犯人关在城堡里吧.
3.The plicemen are running after a prisner wh escaped last night.
警察在追捕一名昨夜逃跑的犯人.
8：vitality
英[vaɪˈtæləti] 美[vaɪˈtælɪti]
n. 活力；生气；生命力；持久性
双语例句
1.Firstly, the part explains that A Q has vigrus vitality.
第三部分研究《阿Q正传》在当今的接受情况.
2.Nurishment & activatin : Imprve cell vitality, facilitate nutrients absrptin, and gradually restre glittering, transparent and bright skin.
营养活肤: 增强细胞活力, 帮助营养成分渗透吸收, 令肤色逐步恢复莹白透亮、光彩照人.
3.The first is t prmte ecnmic restructuring t enhance the ecnmic vitality.
首先是扎实推进经济结构转型,增强经济活力.
9：prgressive
英[prəˈɡresɪv] 美[prəˈɡresɪv]
adj. 不断前进的；进步的；进行的
n. 改革论者；进步分子
变形
名词：prgressivism
复数：prgressives
双语例句
1.Prgressive develp in prper sequence is the Basic Law stipulates that Hng Kng's cnstitutinal develpment mdel.
繁体字循序渐进是基本法规定香港政制发展的模式.
2.Yu are prgressive? yu aim t surpass yur past accmplishments.
你追求进步,你的目标是超过你过去的成就.
3.There is ften a prgressive lss f sight in ld age.
上了年纪的人视力逐步减退.
10：narrw
英[ˈnærəʊ] 美[ˈnærʊ]
adj. 狭窄的；狭隘的；险胜的；勉强的；有限的；狭义的
v. 变狭窄；缩小
变形
过去分词：narrwed
比较级：narrwer
最高级：narrwest
现在分词：narrwing
名词：narrwness
过去式：narrwed
第三人称单数：narrws
:
双语例句
1.Narrw crridrs lead ff frm the main hallway.
狭长的通道从主廊延展开来.
2.The nly light came thrugh a narrw aperture.
仅有的光亮来自一个小孔.
3.The stream bifurcates int tw narrw winding channels.
那条小溪分成两股窄而弯曲的支流.
11：variety
英[vəˈraɪəti] 美[vəˈraɪəti]
n. 多种多样；多样化；种类；综艺节目
变形
复数：varieties
双语例句
1.Semicnductr devices can perfrm a variety f cntrl functins in electrnic equipment.
半导体器件在电子设备中能起各式各样的控制作用.
2.There're a large variety f gds in the shps.
商店里有各式各样的商品.
3.His writing lacks variety.
他的文体缺乏变化.
12：trap
英[træp] 美[træp]
n. (捕鸟兽的)陷阱/夹子/罗网；圈套，骗局；困境；嘴；双轮轻便马车
v. 使陷入困境；设陷阱捕捉；卡/夹/绊住；收集，吸收；诱骗，抓捕
变形
过去分词：trapped
现在分词：trapping
过去式：trapped
复数：traps
第三人称单数：traps
双语例句
1.One shuld learn frm past mistakes s as t avid falling int the same ld trap again.
要从过去的错误中吸取教训,以免重蹈覆辙.
2.The hunter lured the fx int a trap.
猎人诱使狐狸落入陷阱.
3.T my immense gratificatin, he fell int the trap.
令我极为满意的是, 他中了圈套.
13：maturity
英[məˈtʃʊərəti] 美[məˈtʃʊrəti]
n. 成熟；完备；（票据等的）到期；[地]壮年期
变形
复数：maturities
双语例句
1.Handsme may be applied t wmen and suggest dignity and maturity.
可用于指妇女,含有端庄和成熟的意思.
2.Often mre than ne embry is prduced initially, but usually nly ne reaches maturity.
胚具两片子叶,开始时不止产生一个胚, 但一般只有一个胚发育成熟.
3.Again, the evlutin stages f IUR cperative innvatin is analyzed, including shaping - develpment - maturity - decline and renewal phase.
然后, 分析了产学研合作创新群落演化的阶段:形成阶段 — 发展阶段 — 成熟阶段 — 衰落与更新阶段.
14：enthusiasm
英[ɪnˈθjuːziæzəm] 美[ɪnˈθuːziæzəm]
n. 热情，热忱；热衷的事物
变形
复数：enthusiasms
双语例句
1.He is always verflwn with enthusiasm.
他总是洋溢着热情.
2.He was carried away by his enthusiasm.
热情使他的头脑不够冷静.
3.His refusal iced ur enthusiasm.
他的拒绝打消了我们的热情.
15：cmmitment
英[kəˈmɪtmənt] 美[kəˈmɪtmənt]
n. 信奉，忠诚；承诺；已许诺的事；献身；投入；花费
变形
复数：cmmitments
双语例句
1.Cnveniently verlking the fact that she wuldn't be able t meet the cmmitment, she agreed enthusiastically.
她不理会自己不能遵守承诺的事实, 热心地答应了.
2.They have an air f freedm, and they have nt a dreary cmmitment t mean ambitius r lve f cmfrt.
他们有一种自由自在的风度, 他们不沉溺于可鄙的追名逐利和对舒适生活的迷恋.
3.They are lking fr smene with a real sense f cmmitment t the jb.
他们正在找一个对这一工作有献身精神的人.
16：mral
英[ˈmɒrəl] 美[ˈmɔːrəl]
n. 道德；寓意
adj. 道德的；道义上的；有道德的；能辨是非的
变形
复数：mrals
双语例句
1.We shuld draw a mral frm the startling fact.
我们应当从这些触目惊心的事实中吸取教训.
2.A man f mral integrity never resrts t deceptin.
明人不做暗事.
3.Tm refused t jin the army, believing that he had n mral right t kill.
汤姆认为自己在道义上无权杀人而拒绝入伍.
三：阅读训练
Why shuld mankind explre space? Why shuld mney, time and effrt be spent explring and researching smething with s few apparent benefits? Why shuld resurces be spent n space rather than n cnditins and peple n Earth? These are questins that, understandably, are very ften asked.
Perhaps the best answer lies in ur genetic make-up as human beings. What drve ur ancestrs t mve frm the trees int the plains, and n int all pssible areas and envirnments? The wider the spread f a species, the better its chance f survival. Perhaps the best reasn fr explring space is this genetic tendency t expand wherever pssible.
Nearly every successful civilizatin has explred, because by ding s, any danger in surrunding areas can be identified and prepared fr. Withut knwledge, we may be cmpletely destryed by the danger. With knwledge, we can lessen its effects.
Explratin als allws minerals and ther ptential resurces t be fund. Even if we have n immediate need f them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resurces may be mre than physical pssessins. Knwledge r techniques have been acquired thrugh explratin. The techniques may have medical applicatins which can imprve the length r quality f ur lives. We have already benefited frm ther spin-ffs including imprvements in earthquake predictin, in satellites fr weather frecasting and in cmmunicatin systems. Even nn-stick pans and mirrred sunglasses are by-prducts f technlgical develpments in the space industry!
While many resurces are spent n what seems a small return, the explratin f space allws creative, brave and intelligent members f ur species t fcus n what may serve t save us. While space may hld many wnders and explanatins f hw the universe was frmed r hw it wrks, it als hlds dangers. The danger exists, but knwledge can help human beings t survive. Withut the ability t reach ut acrss space, the chance t save urselves might nt exist.
While Earth is the nly planet knwn t supprt life, surely the adaptive ability f humans wuld allw us t live n ther planets. It is true that the lifestyle wuld be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely culd in the future.
1.Why des the authr mentin the questins in the first paragraph?
A.T express his dubts.
B.T cmpare different ideas.
C.T intrduce pints fr discussin.
D.T describe the cnditins n Earth.
2.What is the reasn fr explring space based n?
A.Humans are nature brn t d s.
B.Humans have the tendency t fight.
C.Humans may find new surces f fd.
D.Humans dn’t like t stay in the same place.
3.The underlined wrd “spin-ffs” in Paragraph 4 prbably refers t .
A.survival chancesB.unexpected benefits
C.ptential resurcesD.physical pssessins
4.Which f the statements can best sum up the passage?
A.Space explratin has created many wnders.
B.Space explratin prvides the best value fr mney.
C.Space explratin can benefit science and technlgy.
D.Space explratin may help us avid ptential prblems n Earth.
答案
本文为说明文。文章主要讲述了太空探索可以帮助我们避免地球上潜在的问题。
1.C 推理判断题。文章第一段通过提出一些关于太空探索利弊的问题引出本文要探讨的主题。故选C项。
2.A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“Perhaps the best answer lies in ur genetic make-up as human beings.”和第二段最后一句“Perhaps the best reasn fr explring space is this genetic tendency t expand wherever pssible.”可知,人类探索太空是由于基因因素,是天生决定的。故选A项。
3.B 词义猜测题。根据该词前的benefited和该词后的imprvements以及上下文语境可推出该词表示“意料之外的利益、好处”。故选B项。
4.D 主旨大意题。根据全文可知,文章主要讲述了太空探索可以帮助我们避免地球上潜在的问题。故选D项。目录
内容
第一部分
高考真题试做
第二部分
真题词块解析
第三部分
模拟题训练