2022届高考英语高频阅读词组+练习（二十七）

这是一份2022届高考英语高频阅读词组+练习（二十七），共6页。
2022届高考英语高频阅读词组+练习（二十七）一：词组梳理1．as well 也,一样 2．as yet 迄今,到目前为止 3．意外的 by accident=by chance4．交通事故 the traffic accident5．根据 according to6．考虑 take sthinto account7．因为,由于 on account of=because of 后面跟名词,不跟句子8．指责某人某事情 accuse sb of sth9．指控某人某事情 charge sb with sth10．钦佩某人某事情admire sb for sth11．责备某人某事情 scold sb for sth ,blame sb for sth , sb be to blame for sth12．aside from 除┄之外13．associate… with… 由…联想到…,把…和...联系起来 14．association with 与……的交往 15．at a disadvantage 处于不利地位 16．at a loss 不知所措 17．at no time 从不,决不 18．at one time 曾经,从前曾 19．at the cost of 以……为代价 20．at the least 至少21．一周两次 twice a week22．两倍那么多:twice as many as ,twice bigger than ,twice the size/length/width of23．一、两天 a day or two ,one or two days24．再两周时间 anther two weeks ,two more weeks25．many a student has a book26．总而言之 in a word27．有能力做某事情 be able to do sth.,be capable of doing28．怎么样 what about doing…/how about doing29．当…即将要做某事情 be about to do sth…when…30．尤其是,最重要的是 above all31．缺席,不在 be absent from32．全神贯注于某事情 be absorbed in doing sth.33．主观接受:accept 客观接受(接受有形,有实物的东西) receive34．有权利做某事情 have access to sth.35．at a time 每次,一次 36．at all 丝毫,根本37．at any moment 即使,随时38．at first 首先,开始的时候39．at large 未被捕获的,大多数40．at last 终于,最终41．at least 至少 42．at length 最终,详细地43．at most 最多 二：习题训练（A） It is calculated that some of the world's 7, 000 languages are in danger of getting extinct.“For example, Ainu, a language in Japan, is now seriously threatened, with only 10 native speakers remaining” said lead study author Tatsuya Amano at the University of Cambridge in England.The scientists found that 25 percent of the world's languages are threatened.After identifying where the endangered languages were, they looked for any environmental and social or economic factors those languages might have in common, such as poor areas or rapid population growth.“We find that at the global scale, language speaker declines(减少) are strongly linked to economic growth—that is, declines are particularly occurring in economically developed regions,” Amano said.“One important finding of this new study is that languages in the tropics and Himalayan region are likely to be increasingly threatened in the near future, because these regions still have many local indigenous languages(本地语) with a small number of speakers, and at the same time are experiencing rapid economic growth,” Amano said.Economic growth may endanger languages for a variety of reasons.For instance, speakers of endangered languages may view another more popular language as offering economic opportunities, and thus forego their own languages.“There are other important factors that might endanger languages,” the researchers said.For instance, policies regarding how languages are used and taught in schools can be very different among countries and even within each country, and these factors may explain more detailed patterns in language endangerment.Amano suggested it could be possible to forecast future threats to the diversity of languages.“There exists detailed information on future changes in the environment, economies and climates,” Amano said.“Using such information, together with the findings of this study and further analysis, we would like to understand what will happen to the world's languages, where it will happen and which languages will be threatened in particular.”1．Why is the language of Ainu mentioned in Paragraph 1?A．To show that it is most likely to disappear in the futureB．To prove that Japanese is now seriously threatenedC．To show that few people speak Japanese in the worldD．To prove that Japanese is made up of many languages2．What may endanger the languages most according to Amano?A．The diversity of society. B．The decline of the population.C．The improvement of the environment. D．The development of economy.3．What does the underlined word “forego” probably mean?A．Employ. B．Desert.C．Record. D．Advance.4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A．The world's languages are developing at a rapid speed.B．The study may be of use in stopping languages dying out.C．It is rather hard for us to protect the diversity of languages.D．Future threats to the diversity of languages are unpredictable. （B）The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___1___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been  ___2___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.Modem methods ___3___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___4___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___5___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___6___ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by  ___7___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___8___ (high) than they actually are. Of ___9___  nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___10___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.答案及解析A【答案】ADBB【解析】这是一篇说明文。据统计，世界上7000种语言中有一些濒临灭绝。文章主要讲述了世界上有很多语言面临灭绝的现状，分析了造成语言面临灭绝的原因。1．推理判断题。文章第一段It is calculated that some of the world's 7, 000 languages are in danger of getting extinct. “For example, Ainu, a language in Japan, is now seriously threatened, with only 10 native speakers remaining”可知提到世界上许多语言面临着灭绝的危险，接着以日本的阿伊努语为例，这说明该语言在未来有可能消失。故第1段提到阿伊努语是为了表明它很可能在未来消失。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“We find that at the global scale, language speaker declines(减少) are strongly linked to economic growth—that is, declines are particularly occurring in economically developed regions,” Amano said.可知，Amano认为经济的发展有可能引起某种语言的使用人数减少，使得这种语言濒临灭绝。故选D。3．词义猜测题。根据上文Economic growth may endanger languages for a variety of reasons. For instance, speakers of endangered languages may view another more popular language as offering economic opportunities, and thus…可知由于种种原因，经济增长可能危及语言。例如，濒危语言的使用者可能认为另一种更受欢迎的语言提供了经济机会，因此放弃了自己的语言。故可推测划线单词意思为“放弃；舍弃”。A. Employ.雇用；B. Desert.舍弃；C. Record.记录；D. Advance.前进。故选B。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句“Using such information, together with the findings of this study and further analysis, we would like to understand what will happen to the world's languages, where it will happen and which languages will be threatened in particular.”（“利用这些信息，结合这项研究的结果和进一步的分析，我们希望了解世界上的语言将会发生什么，将在哪里发生，以及哪些语言将受到特别的威胁。”）可知，这项研究可能有助于阻止语言的消亡。故选B。 B【语篇解读】本文为科普文类说明文，介绍了北极熊的生存现状。 1. 【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。 2. 【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。 3. 【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”,意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。 4. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。 5. 【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。 6. 【解析】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。 7. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。8. 【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。 9. 【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。 10. 【解析】考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。