Unit 2　Natural disasters Part 1-2022版英语必修第三册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析）

这是一份Unit 2　Natural disasters Part 1-2022版英语必修第三册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析），共12页。
Unit 2　Natural disasters
Part 1　Welcome to the unit &Reading
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1.Ahead of the storms, the Alabama governor, Kay Ivey issued a state of emergency for all 67 　　　(郡). 
2.Quite a few people used to believe that a 　　　(灾难) was sure to strike if a mirror was broken. 
3.The move 　　　(表明) that China's medical education field has put in place standards. 
4.There is a fire 　　　(通道) on each floor of the building. 
5.In my opinion, there's something 　　　(怪异的) about the man. 
Ⅱ.用方框内短语的适当形式填空
at large;safe and sound;occur to;keep one's head;roll call
1.Her list of students read like a 　　　　　　of the great and good. 
2.Two days later, the missing children returned home 　　　　　　. 
3.“It never 　　　　　　　me that a teacher in Beijing could teach us,” said He Shujie, a third-grade student. 
4.When you are faced with challenges, you should 　　　　　　. 
5.I think the chances of getting reforms accepted by the community 　　　　　　remain extremely remote. 
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.Traffic lights are there to guide traffic in an 　　　　(order) way. 
2.More details on Philip's funeral arrangements are expected 　　　　(confirm) by Buckingham Palace on Saturday, according to a royal source. 
3.Almost without thinking, I bent down and 　　　　(hug) her tightly. 
4.News of their safety came as a great 　　　　(relieve). 
5.To meet the country's carbon neutrality(碳中和) commitment, China's 　　　　(inform) technology companies should set a goal of sourcing 100 percent renewable energy by 2030. 
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Pupils' lives spared during Falmont earthquake
On 17 March, 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School escaped an earthquake　1　 hit the county. Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 　2　(injure) in the disaster area at large. 
Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching 　3　 the floor began to shake. Her students' 　4　(react) was quick and correct—they moved under their desks, head first, and 　5　(hold) on to the legs of the desks. At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling to the ground, 　6　 the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly. 
The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was　7　 best time for the class to make their escape. She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an 　8　 (order) line covering their heads with their hands. Within one minute and twenty seconds, the whole class went down the stairs and rushed to the playground. Soon students from other classes arrived too. After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and 　9　 (hug) each other. “We practise earthquake safety procedures twice a year,” said Miss Brown, “so the kids were calm enough to protect 　10　 (they) during the earthquake.” 
1. 　　　2. 　　　3. 　　　4. 　　　5. 　　　 
6. 　　　7. 　　　8. 　　　9. 　　　10. 　　　 
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A

(2021江苏海安高级中学高二上合格性考试,)
At the 2020 World Economic Forum, the former President Trump drew claps when he announced the United States would respond to the forum's proposal to plant one trillion(万亿) trees to fight climate change. The trillion-tree idea won wide attention in the summer of 2019 after a study published in the journal Science concluded that planting so many trees was “the most effective climate change solution to date”.
If only it were true. But it isn't. Planting trees would slow down the planet's warming, but the only thing that will save us and future generations from paying a huge price in dollars, lives and damage to nature is rapid and considerable reductions in carbon release from fossil fuels, to net (净的) zero by 2050.
Focusing on trees as the big solution to climate change is a dangerous diversion(偏离). Worse still, it takes attention away from those responsible for the carbon release that are pushing us toward disaster. For example, in the Netherlands, you can pay Shell an additional 1 euro cent for each liter of regular gasoline you put in your tank, to plant trees to balance the carbon release from your driving. That's clearly no more than disaster slightly delayed. The only way to stop this planet from overheating is through political, economic, technological and social solutions that end the use of fossil fuels.
There is no way that planting trees, even across a global area the size of the United States, can absorb the huge amounts of fossil carbon released from industrial societies. Trees do take up carbon from the atmosphere as they grow. But this uptake merely replaces carbon lost when forests were cleared in the first place, usually long ago. Regrowing forests where they once grew can undo some damage done in the past, but even a trillion trees can't store enough carbon to head off dramatic climate change this century.
In a sharp counterargument to that paper in Science, Justin Gillis wrote in the same journal last October that the study's findings were inconsistent with the dynamics of the global carbon cycle. He warned that “the claim that global tree restoration(复原) is our most effective climate solution is simply scientifically incorrect and dangerously misleading”.
1.What do we know about the trillion-tree idea?
A.It was published in a journal.
B.It was proposed in the summer of 2019.
C.It was put forward by the former president Trump.
D.It drew lots of public attention.
2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A.A drawback of the tree planting strategy.
B.An example of balancing carbon release.
C.An anecdote of making a purchase at Shell.
D.A responsibility of politicians and economists.
3.What was Justin Gillis's attitude towards global tree restoration?
A.Indifferent. B.Opposed.
C.Hesitant. D.Supportive.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Contradictory Ideas on Tree Planting
B.A Trillion Trees Come to the Rescue
C.Planting Trees Won't Save the World
D.The Best Solution to Climate Change
B

(2020湖南师范大学附属中学高一上期末,)
A meteorite(陨石)moved quickly across the sky and exploded(爆炸)over central Russia on Feb. 15, raining fireballs over a vast area and causing a shock wave that smashed windows, damaged buildings and injured 1,200 people.
People heading to work in Chelyabinsk heard what sounded like an explosion, saw a bright light and then felt the shock wave, according to a Reuters journalist in the industrial city, 1,500 km east of Moscow.
The fireball, travelling at a speed of 30 km per second according to Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos), had blazed(熊熊燃烧)across the horizon(地平线),leaving a long white trail that could be seen as far as 200 km away.
Car alarms went off, thousands of windows were broken and mobile phone networks were interrupted for a short time. The Ministry of Internal Affairs said the meteorite explosion, a very rare sight, also released a great explosive sound.
“I was driving to work. It was quite dark, but it suddenly became bright as if it were day,” said Viktor Prokofiev, 36, a resident(居民)of Yekaterinburg in the Ural region. “I felt like I was blinded by headlights(车头灯).”
The meteorite, which weighed about 10 tonnes and might have been made of iron, entered Earth's atmosphere and broke apart 30 km—50 km above ground, according to Russian Academy of Sciences.
“The energy released when it entered the Earth's atmosphere was equal to the power of a small atomic weapon that weights a few kilo tonnes,” the Academy said.
No deaths were reported but the Emergencies Ministry said 20,000 rescue and clean-up workers were sent to the Ural region after President Vladimir Putin told Emergencies Minister Vladimir Puchkov to ease and help the victims.
The Interior Ministry said about 1,200 people had been injured, at least 200 of whom were children, and most from broken pieces of glass.
5.What do we learn about the meteorite from the passage?
A.It is a very huge ball made of iron.
B.It quickly broke apart on the ground.
C.It exploded over Russia's Ural region.
D.It's similar to an A-bomb(原子弹) in weight.
6.The underlined word “smashed” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “ 　　　”. 
A.broke B.melted
C.burned D.cleared
7.We can know from the passage that 　　　. 
A.Moscow is 1,500 kilometers away from the east of Chelyabinsk
B.many houses were destroyed, with lots of people reported missing
C.Viktor Prokofiev became blind after seeing the rare sight
D.the shock wave briefly influenced mobile phone networks
8.What can be the best title for the passage?
A.The Meteorite Rush Begins in Russia
B.President Putin Orders Assistance
C.Meteorite Hits Russia, 1,200 People Hurt
D.Meteorite Flies Quickly Across Russia
Ⅱ.七选五

(2021山东威海高二上期末,)
In 2010, a huge earthquake hit Haiti, causing the deaths of over a hundred thousand people and damage worth millions of dollars.　1　On this occasion, funds were raised with amazing speed—within a week of the quake, the American Red Cross had raised $22 million. The reason? People were donating via their mobile phones. 
　2　 Gone are the days when people donated door by door. In today's world of computers, smartphones, tablets, and smartwatches, charities can now reach more people than ever before. 
Social media in particular has had a great impact on charity. 　3　 This enables charities to raise money extremely quickly, as in Haiti. And the quicker aid can be delivered, the more lives can be saved. Individual fund-raising has also benefited. Most people are now so well-connected through sites like Facebook that asking people to contribute to your chosen cause is easier than ever. 
New,innovative ways of donating are being thought up all the time. For example, if you want to support a good cause and keep fit at the same time, you can use an app called Charity Miles. 　4　 For every kilometer you cover, the app's sponsors will make a donation to a charity of your choice. There's also SnapDonate, which allows users to donate simply by taking a photo of a charity's logo with their smartphone. The app recognizes the logo and allows users to immediately make a donation through their phones. This cuts out the need for entering payment details on charity websites, and makes the process of donating small amounts to multiple charities much simpler. 
Apps like these are growing in number, and that can only be a good thing. 　5　 
A.People were eager to aid others in trouble.
B.The app can track the distance you run or cycle.
C.News of disasters spreads quickly around the world.
D.Charity helps to refresh the development of social media.
E.Technological advances have changed how charities work.
F.The international community jumped into action to provide aid.
G.In future, we could support our chosen cause more easily and more often.
1. 　　　2. 　　　3. 　　　4. 　　　5.　　　 

答案全解全析
Unit 2　Natural disasters
Part 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.counties　2.disaster　3.signals　4.exit　5.odd
Ⅱ.1.roll call　2.safe and sound　3.occurred to　4.keep your head　5.at large
Ⅲ.1.orderly/ordered　考查形容词。句意:红绿灯的存在是为了有序地指挥交通。分析句子结构可知,设空处作定语修饰名词way,故填形容词orderly或ordered,意为“有秩序的”。
2.to be confirmed　考查不定式。expect sb./sth. to do sth.预计某人/某物做某事,此处为其被动形式,且confirm与More details...之间是被动关系,需用不定式的被动式,故填to be confirmed。句意:根据王室消息来源,有关菲利普葬礼安排的更多细节预计将于周六得到白金汉宫的确认。
3.hugged　考查动词的时态。句意:几乎不假思索,我弯下腰紧紧地拥抱了她。分析句子结构可知,设空处与前面的动词bent是由and连接的并列成分,故填hugged。
4.relief　考查名词。句意:他们平安的消息给大家带来了巨大的安慰。分析句子结构可知,设空处作介词as的宾语,故填名词relief“宽慰,安慰”。
5.information　考查名词。information technology 信息技术, 故填名词information。句意:为了实现中国的碳中和承诺,中国的信息技术公司应该设定一个目标,到2030年获得100%的可再生能源。
Ⅳ.1.that/which　考查定语从句。句意:3月17日,弗尔蒙特小学的476名学生和36名教师从一场袭击该郡的地震中逃生。分析句子结构可知,　1　 hit the county是一个定语从句,修饰先行词earthquake,设空处在定语从句中作主语,故填关系代词that或which。 
2.injured　考查过去分词。句意:尽管目前整个灾区的伤亡数字是7人死亡,200多人受伤,但(在这所学校)只有5名学生受了轻伤。分析句子结构可知,设空处应用非谓语动词,且over 200与injure之间为被动关系,故用过去分词injured。
3.when　考查连词。句意:弗尔蒙特小学的校长艾丽斯·布朗正在上课,这时地板开始摇晃。be doing...when...意为“正在做……这时……”。
易错分析
此处易错填while。此处为be doing...when...结构,when为并列连词,不能换成while。
4.reaction　考查名词。句意:她的学生们反应迅速而正确——他们头朝前,爬到课桌下面,并紧紧抓住桌腿。分析句子结构可知,设空处作主语,故填名词reaction。
5.held　考查动词的时态。句意同上。分析句子结构可知,设空处与前面的moved是由and连接的并列成分,故填held。
6.but　考查连词。句意:尽管玻璃破碎和东西倒地发出阵阵巨响,但是学生们仍然一动不动,沉着安静地等待着。由语境可知,设空处前后是转折关系,故填but。
7.the　考查冠词。句意:震动一停止,布朗女士就意识到这是全班同学逃走的最佳时机。形容词最高级best前应用定冠词the。
8.orderly/ordered　考查形容词。句意:她示意学生们用手抱头排好队,有序离开教室。分析句子结构可知,设空处作定语修饰名词line,故填形容词orderly或ordered,意为“整齐的,守秩序的”。
9.hugging　考查现在分词。句意:点名确认所有人都安然无恙后,他们才放松下来,笑着,哭着,互相拥抱着。分析句子结构可知,设空处作状语,且they与hug之间为主动关系,故填现在分词hugging。
10.themselves　考查代词。句意:布朗女士说:“我们每年都进行两次地震安全程序演练,所以孩子们在地震期间能足够冷静,以保护他们自己。”分析可知此处they指的也是the kids,应用反身代词,故填themselves。
能力提升练
Ⅰ.A
◎语篇解读　本文为一篇议论文。作者不赞成“种一万亿棵树”来对抗气候变化的倡议,他认为真正能解决问题的方法是迅速大幅减少碳排放。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句The trillion-tree idea won wide attention in the summer of 2019 after a study published in the journal Science concluded that planting so many trees was “the most effective climate change solution to date”.可知,“种一万亿棵树”的想法引起了公众的广泛关注。故选D。
易错分析
A、B、C三项都犯了张冠李戴的错误,在期刊中发表的是一篇研究,而非“种植一万亿棵树”这个想法,该倡议由世界经济论坛提出,而非特朗普总统。该倡议的提出时间文中未提及,B项中in the summer of 2019指的是研究发表的时间。
2.A　主旨大意题。根据第三段前两句Focusing on trees as the big solution to climate change is a dangerous diversion(偏离). Worse still, it takes attention away from those responsible for the carbon release that are pushing us toward disaster.可知,第三段主要论述了以植树来保护环境的缺点。故选A。
3.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句He warned that “the claim that global tree restoration(复原) is our most effective climate solution is simply scientifically incorrect and dangerously misleading”. 可推测,Justin Gillis对植树提议是持反对态度的。故选B。
4.C　主旨大意题。根据第三段的主题句Focusing on trees as the big solution to climate change is a dangerous diversion(偏离).和第四段的主题句There is no way that planting trees, even across a global area the size of the United States, can absorb the huge amounts of fossil carbon released from industrial societies. 以及最后一段最后一句He warned that “the claim that global tree restoration(复原) is our most effective climate solution is simply scientifically incorrect and dangerously misleading”.可知,C项“植树不会拯救世界”符合文章主旨,最适合作为标题。故选C。
易错分析
本题中的D项是陷阱项,考生可能会根据第一段最后一句The trillion-tree idea won wide attention in the summer of 2019 after a study published in the journal Science concluded that planting so many trees was “the most effective climate change solution to date”.误选D。根据第二段开头两句If only it were true. But it isn't. (要是这是真的就好了,但其实不然。)可知,种树不是解决全球变暖的最佳办法,因此D项不对。
【高频词汇】　1.announce v. 宣布,宣告　2.respond to 对……作出反应,响应　3.to date 至今,迄今为止　4.considerable adj.大量的;可观的　5.head off 阻止　6.be inconsistent with 与……不一致
长难句分析
原句　Planting trees would slow down the planet's warming, but the only thing that will save us and future generations from paying a huge price in dollars, lives and damage to nature is rapid and considerable reductions in carbon release from fossil fuels, to net zero by 2050.
分析　这是一个由but连接的并列复合句。Planting trees would slow down the planet's warming是第一个并列分句,是一个简单句; but the only thing...to net zero by 2050是第二个并列分句;that will save us...nature是that引导的定语从句,修饰the only thing。
译文　植树可以减缓地球变暖,但唯一可以使我们和我们的子孙后代免于在金钱、生命和对自然的破坏等方面付出巨大代价的行为,就是迅速大幅减少化石燃料的碳排放,到2050年达到净零排放。
B
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道,报道了一颗陨石划过天空并在俄罗斯中部的乌拉尔地区爆炸这一事件。文章详细记述了当时人们看到的情景和人们的感受,以及陨石爆炸带来的后果。
5.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的A meteorite(陨石) moved quickly across the sky and exploded(爆炸)over central Russia on Feb. 15(2月15日,一颗陨石迅速地划过天空并在俄罗斯中部上空爆炸)和第五段中的“I was driving to work. It was quite dark, but it suddenly became bright as if it were day,” said Viktor Prokofiev, 36, a resident(居民) of Yekaterinburg in the Ural region. (乌拉尔地区叶卡捷琳堡的一位36岁的居民Viktor Prokofiev说:“我正开车去上班。天很黑,但是突然亮得像是白天一样。”)可知,这块陨石是在俄罗斯中部的乌拉尔地区上空爆炸的,故选C。
6.A　词义猜测题。画线单词所在句中的that smashed windows呼应第四段中的thousands of windows were broken,故可推断画线单词的意思与broke最接近。故选A。
7.D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的mobile phone networks were interrupted for a short time(移动电话网络中断了一小会儿)可知,冲击波使移动电话网络短时间内中断。故选D。
8.C　主旨大意题。本文是一篇新闻报道,这篇报道不仅要告诉读者这次陨石事件,还要向读者传达它带来的后果。A项“陨石冲击开始于俄罗斯”;B项“总统普京下令救援”;C项“陨石袭击俄罗斯,1,200人受伤”;D项“陨石迅速飞过俄罗斯”。只有C项在交代事件的同时也强调了后果,故选C。
【高频词汇】　1.rain v.大量落下;洒落;下雨,降雨　2.trail n.足迹;踪迹　3.rare adj.稀有的;罕见的　4.release v.释放;发出　5.blind v.使变瞎 adj.失明的　6.break apart破裂,解体　7.be equal to与……相等;胜任;比得上　8.ease v.减轻;缓解;放松
长难句分析
原句　People heading to work in Chelyabinsk heard what sounded like an explosion, saw a bright light and then felt the shock wave, according to a Reuters journalist in the industrial city, 1,500 km east of Moscow.
分析　本句为主从复合句。heading to work in Chelyabinsk为现在分词短语作定语,修饰People;what sounded like an explosion是一个由what引导的宾语从句,作动词heard的宾语,what在从句中作主语;heard、saw 和felt是三个并列的谓语动词。
译文　据一名路透社记者报道,在莫斯科以东1,500公里的工业城市车里雅宾斯克,上班路上的人们听到了听上去像是爆炸的声音,看到了一道强光,然后感受到了冲击波。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍海地地震后的慈善事业的发展和变化。
1.F　下文On this occasion, funds were raised with amazing speed—within a week of the quake, the American Red Cross had raised $22 million.是震后采取的措施的结果,据此可推断空格处应表明震后采取的措施,F项符合语境,故选F。
2.E　下文Gone are the days when people donated door by door.说明捐助的方式发生了改变,据此推断空格处应该说明什么导致这样的变化,E项Technological advances have changed how charities work.(技术的进步已经改变了慈善机构工作的方式。)是对本段的概括,故选E项。
3.C　上文Social media in particular has had a great impact on charity.(社交媒体尤其对慈善事业有巨大的影响。)指出社交媒体影响着慈善事业。C项News of disasters spreads quickly around the world.(灾难的新闻迅速传到全世界。)具体说明社交媒体对慈善事业的影响是通过加快消息传播速度使集资更快,承接上文,故选C项。
4.B　上文For example, if you want to support a good cause and keep fit at the same time, you can use an app called Charity Miles.(例如,如果你既想支持慈善事业又想保持健康,你可以使用一个叫作Charity Miles的应用软件。)介绍了Charity Miles。B项The app can track the distance you run or cycle.(这个应用软件可以追踪你跑步或者骑车的距离。)具体介绍Charity Miles,其中The app与上文中的an app相呼应,故选B项。
5.G　上文Apps like these are growing in number, and that can only be a good thing.(像这样的应用软件越来越多,那只会是一件好事。)说明支持慈善事业的应用软件越来越多。G项In future, we could support our chosen cause more easily and more often.(将来我们可以更容易、更频繁地支持我们所选择的慈善事业。)是根据应用软件发展的情况对将来的设想,符合语境,故选G项。
【高频词汇】　1.on this occasion 在这种情况下　2.have a great impact on 对……有很大的影响　3.innovative adj.创新的
4.cut out 删掉;剪下　5.multiple adj.数量多的;多种多样的
长难句分析
原句　Most people are now so well-connected through sites like Facebook that asking people to contribute to your chosen cause is easier than ever.
分析　这是一个主从复合句。so...that...引导结果状语从句,asking people to contribute to your chosen cause 是动名词短语作主语。
译文　现在大多数人都通过Facebook这样的网站联系得非常紧密,以至于请求人们为你选择的事业捐款比以往任何时候都容易。