Unit 2 Natural Disasters单元综合检测-高一英语必修第三册单元重难点易错题精练（译林）

这是一份Unit 2 Natural Disasters单元综合检测-高一英语必修第三册单元重难点易错题精练（译林），共19页。
Unit 2 Natural Disasters单元综合检测
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共30分，略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Apps to Help in a Disaster
Disasters almost always arrive unexpectedly. But there are computer apps to help people prepare for disasters. Some apps warn users when a disaster has taken place.
Siren GPS Mobile
The free Siren GPS Mobile app connects users to emergency (紧急事件) services at the tap of the screen. The app will let emergency workers know where the person in need is.
The app works over cellphone networks. But it also works on Wi-Fi if cellphone networks are down after an emergency.
Users can create a personal health report on the app to share with emergency services. This will provide information about medicines that users take, allergies (过敏反应) they might have and other medical information important to treatment decisions.
Life360
The Life360 app provides a service to keep the loved ones connected. Users can set up a network of people to share their location, chat and get informed when they are near someone in their network. People in the same network can use the app on iPhone and Android devices.
The app helps users communicate when they are in danger. The location sharing function can be suspended (暂停) when desired.
The Life360 app is free, with some services available for a fee.
Red Panic Button
When a person is in danger, the Red Panic Button app might help. This app can send a text message to chosen contacts providing the user’s location. You can also add a voice or video message or photo to your text and email.
This app can also be used to contact emergency services.
Red Panic Button is free, but extra features are available for a fee*
First Aid by American Red Cross
The free First Aid app by the American Red Cross helps guide users in giving first aid to the injured people. The app can also help with information to help plan for droughts, floods, storms and more.
Watch videos and take tests within the app. Users can switch the app from English to Spanish.
1．Which is not the feature of the Siren GPS Mobile app?
A．It connects users to emergency services.
B．It is useless if your cellphone network is down.
C．Rescuers can get your health information through it.
D．Rescue workers can know where the injured person is.
2．What can you do if you have the Life360 app?
A．Watch over your loved ones’ movements.
B．Keep connected with those in your network.
C．Share your health information with doctors directly.
D．Get hospital information immediately when in danger.
3．What may be the best choice if you want to get information about disasters in advance?
A．Siren GPS Mobile. B．Life360.
C．Red Panic Button. D．First Aid by American Red Cross.
B
On the day the tornado hit, there was no indication that severe weather was on its way—the sky was blue and the sun had been out. The first alert my husband, Jimmy, 67, and I, 65, got came around 9 p. m. , from some scrolling text on the TV Jimmy was watching. He ran upstairs to find me in our thirdfloor bedroom, and we changed the channel from the presidential primary debate I had been watching to our local Pensacola, Florida, station.
No sooner had we found coverage of the tornado than it was on top of us. It was the loudest thing I have ever heard. The bones of the house shook, and the power went out. The wind began to roar through the house, most likely through blownout windows and the door to our garage. We had three flights of steps to navigate to get to the relative safety of the first floor, because the cupboard down there is underneath a brick staircase.
I didn’t know how or if we would make it down the steps. It felt as if there were no floor underneath me as the wind lifted me off my feet. I tried to move forward, but this intense pressure held me in place.
As we reached the last flight of steps, our front door blew out. Pieces of glass that looked like crushed ice flew everywhere. Suddenly, a threefootlong tree branch crashed into the door frame. It flew over our heads, missing us by inches. Had we been one step up, it would have hit us.
By the time I reached the cupboard, the tornado had been over us for about a minute. Jimmy pushed me down to the cupboard floor, but he couldn’t get inside himself because of the wind. I held Jimmy’s arm and tried to bring Jimmy with it. My knees were full of glass, but at that moment, I felt no pain. If I had let go, Jimmy would have flown right out the back of the house and into the bay.
All of a sudden, Jimmy lifted off his feet like people in tornadoes do in the movies. I thought he was gone. And then everything stopped. He landed on his feet. In those first quiet moments, I couldn't believe it was over, Jimmy said he'd go outside to check. “No,” I said. “Don’t leave me. Don’t leave me. ”
Our neighbor said the storm lasted four minutes. In that time, four of the twelve town houses in our unit were completely destroyed. Of the houses left standing, ours suffered the most damage. Amazingly, none of us were severely injured.
4．Where did the husband first get the warning information about the tornado?
A．From the weather forecast.
B．From a movie he was watching.
C．From the local broadcast station.
D．From the moving words on a TV programme.
5．What does the underlined word “coverage” mean?
A．Power. B．Description. C．Arrival. D．Delay.
6．Why didn't the wife feel pain?
A．Because she didn't get any hurt when the storm hit.
B．Because she was too scared to feel pain.
C．Because she used all her strength to hold on to her husband.
D．Because she had reached the cupboard and she was safe.
7．What's the author's purpose by writing the passage?
A．To share with us her experience of surviving a tornado.
B．To warn us of the danger caused by tornadoes.
C．To show us how to fight against a tornado.
D．To tell us how to protect us from dangerous tornadoes.
C
Cars, cots and plastic chairs became temporary beds for hundreds of families who lost their homes in southwest Puerto Rico as a series of earthquakes struck the island; one of them is the strongest in a century. The magnitude (震级) 6.4 earthquake that struck before dawn on Tuesday killed one person, injured nine others and knocked out power across the U.S. More than 250,000 Puerto Ricans remained without water on Wednesday and another half a million without power, which also affected telecommunications (电信).
More than 200 people had taken shelter in a gymnasium after an earthquake on Monday, forcing them to sleep outside. Among them was 80-year-old Lupita Martínez, who sat in the dusty parking lot with her 96-year-old husband by her side. He was sleeping in a temporary bed, a dark blue coat covering him. “There’s no power. There’s no water. There is nothing. This is horrible,” Martínez said.
The couple were alone, feeling sad that their caretaker had disappeared and was not answering their calls. Like many other Puerto Ricans affected by the earthquake, they had children in the U.S. mainland who urged them to move there, at least until the earth stopped shaking.
In Guánica itself, “We are facing a crisis worse than Hurricane Maria,” said Mayor Santos Seda, referring to the 2017 storm that destroyed the island. Tuesday’s earthquake was the strongest to hit Puerto Rico since October 1918, when a magnitude 7.3 earthquake struck near the island’s northwest coast, causing a tsunami and killing 116 people.
Dayleen Ortiz set up a speaker on the roof of her car to play energetic salsa music and provided crayons and paper for children and urged adults to shake their fears. One young girl tapped Ortiz on her leg repeatedly. “I want to play a beautician,” she said. Ortiz dug behind cases of water bottles, chairs and blankets in her car and produced eight small new nail polishes (指甲油) and the girl smiled wide. It was a trick she learned professionally to calm and entertain children and help them heal after Hurricane Maria hit.
8．What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A．The number of earthquakes. B．The influence of power failure.
C．The reactions of people affected. D．The damage the earthquake made.
9．What do we know about Lupita Martínez?
A．Her house was destroyed by the earthquake. B．Her husband passed out in the earthquake.
C．She was out of touch with her caretaker. D．Her children urged them to move back home.
10．What happened to Puerto Rico in 2017?
A．A hurricane. B．A tsunami. C．An earthquake. D．A flood.
11．According to the last paragraph, Dayleen Ortiz is most probably a(n) _________.
A．artist B．beautician C．magician D．psychologist
D
The Great Salt Lake, America’s largest natural lake west of the Mississippi River, has reached its lowest levels in recorded history. Officials in Utah say the state needs to take serious measures to prevent further drops in lake levels.
The current state of the Great Salt Lake follows serious dry conditions affecting Utah and other western states. Water has also been taken from the lake to supply homes and crops in Utah, one of the nation’s fastest growing states. Utah is also one of the driest American states, but has high water usage rates.
The serious drop in lake levels has raised concerns in the state about harmful dust, environmental damage and economic problems. Further water loss is expected to present serious risks to millions of migrating (迁徙) birds. It could also hurt a lake-based economy expected to be worth$1.3 billion. Economic activities include the production of minerals and brine shrimp (虾) and tourism. Health experts also fear that a dry lakebed could send poisonous dust into the air that millions of people breathe.
One proposal would seek to limit water use in homes and businesses. Another would pay farmers for sharing their water. A third would direct money from mineral production activities to programs aimed at improving the lake.
Zach Frankel is director of the nonprofit Utah Rivers Council. He says he thinks major action is needed in order to save the Great Salt Lake. “It’s not going to do it with baby steps. These are tiny baby steps that should have been taken 20 years ago,” Frankel said.
If the water levels continue to drop, the lake could get too salty for the microorganisms to survive. This has already happened in the bright pink waters of the lake’s northern arm.
Vanden Berg is still hopeful about the southern arm, where a part of the microorganisms did survive last year’s lake drop.” It’s bad but not hopeless yet,” he said, “There is still time to fix and improve the situation.”
12．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The harm the lake water loss could do to wildlife.
B．The reason for the lake water loss.
C．The bad effects the lake water loss could bring.
D．The measures to prevent water loss.
13．What does Zach Frankel mean by his words about lake protection?
A．It is too late to protect the lake.
B．Small actions are not enough.
C．Action should be taken bit by bit.
D．The government hasn’t realized its importance.
14．Which of the following can best describe Vanden Beg’s opinion?
A．Better late than never. B．All roads lead to Rome.
C．No pain, no gain. D．Where there is a will, there is a way.
15．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Drought Has Reduced Lake Water in the U.S.
B．Climate Change Affects People Living Round Lakes
C．Protecting the Great Salt Lake Is Necessary for Neighborhood
D．Officials Consider Measures to Save the Great Salt Lake
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Unlike hurricanes or floods, earthquakes happen without warning and are usually followed by similar aftershocks, although the aftershocks are usually less powerful than the quake. If you find yourself in the middle of an earthquake, there’s often only a short time to decide what to do. ___16___
● Drop to the ground. The drop, cover, and hold on technique is the cousin of the famous “stop, drop and roll” for fires. While it’s not the only method of protecting yourself indoors during an earthquake, it is the preferred method of the Red Cross. Big earthquakes occur without much, if any, warning. ___17___ A small earthquake could turn into a big earthquake in a split-second; it’s better to be safe than sorry.
● Take cover. Get under a firm table or other piece of furniture. ___18___ If there isn’t a table or desk near you, cover your face and head with your arms and crouch (蜷缩) in an inside corner of the building.
● Hold on. ___19___ Hold on to whatever surface or platform you’ve gotten under and wait for the shaking to stop. If you were unable to find a surface to hide under, continue to keep your head protected by your arms and tucked (躲藏，隐藏) down low.
● ___20___ Researchers have shown that most injuries happen when people try to change the place of hiding or when the place is crowded and everyone has a goal to get outside safe.
A．Stay inside until it’s safe to get out.
B．In that case, move to the nearest safe place.
C．Stairs are dangerous places to walk during an earthquake.
D．So it’s recommended that you drop to the floor as soon as it hits.
E．If possible, stay away from windows and anything that could fall.
F．The ground maybe shaking and pieces of wood or brick could be falling.
G．Studying the following advice could be the difference between life and death.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Over the weekend, a flood (洪水) damaged houses, roads, and bridges, leaving many people nowhere to go. The___21___flood damaged Hagan’s bridge, leaving him and his wife___22___from the community (社区). He turned to social media but never___23___he would receive a call from his grandson’s coach Ryan Jesop. “The Hagans have done so much for this area, so it was an easy decision to___24___,” Jesop said.
The Switzerland County football coach drew up a plan telling his team to build a new bridge ___25___the old broken one. Hagan received a(n)___26___that a team would be at his house Monday at 9 a. m. to work. “People I’d never seen before were walking down my driveway to help us,” Hagan said. “It was___27___and brought tears to my eyes.”
___28___, the steel frame base structure (钢架基础结构) of the bridge wasn’t damaged by the flooding. Dozens of people went to the bridge and___29___the old one plank (木板) by plank. Then the team built it back up by_____30_____an assembly line (流水线). “The_____31_____of our team is to help them through teamwork,” student Linebacker Gabriel Rose said. The team_____32_____the project in only a few hours. “They were here at nine o’clock, and I looked at my_____33_____when it was done and it was 11:45,” Hagan said. The Hagans now reconnected with their_____34_____thanks to their grandson’s football team. As for Coach Jesop, he is chalking it up as the biggest_____35_____of the season.
21．A．dirty B．similar C．special D．powerful
22．A．separated B．saved C．freed D．hidden
23．A．agreed B．imagined C．remembered D．explained
24．A．enter B．wait C．help D．stay
25．A．in honor of B．in need of C．in case of D．in place of
26．A．invitation B．message C．opinion D．report
27．A．possible B．important C．touching D．puzzling
28．A．Personally B．Fortunately C．Surely D．Suddenly
29．A．took apart B．showed off C．searched for D．put back
30．A．creating B．protecting C．recording D．changing
31．A．reason B．trip C．goal D．problem
32．A．moved B．completed C．researched D．designed
33．A．bridge B．door C．house D．watch
34．A．neighbourhood B．competitors C．company D．students
35．A．risk B．task C．hope D．win
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Several days before July 28, 1976, many strange things happened in Tangshan. The water in the village wells rose and fell. There were deep cracks that ____36____ (appear) in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas ____37____ (come) out of it. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous ____38____ (eat), and dogs refused to go inside buildings. People were asleep as usual that night, didn’t think much of these.
At 3: 42 am, one of the most deadly ____39____ (earthquake) of the 20th century broke out. It destroyed the city and even caused damage in Beijing. In less than one minute, Tangshan lay ____40____ ruins. The number of people ____41____ were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400000. Later that afternoon, another big quake struck Tangshan again. More buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.
But ____42____ the hope wasn’t lost. Soon after the quakes, teams were organized to dig out the tapped and bury the dead. Many more people, ____43____ (include) workers and doctors, came to provide help. Though all the efforts, the city began to breathe again.
Today, ____44____ new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins, which has proved to the entire world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a ____45____ (bright) future.
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46．在过去几年中，我们目睹了人类活动引起的各种灾害。请写一封倡议书，呼吁大家关注这些灾害并保护环境。内容包括如下要点:
1.举出人类活动引发的灾害实例；
2.给出一些必要的防范措施；
3.号召大家行动起来拯救地球，保护环境。
注意
1.词数80左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数
Dear friends,
I am writing to call on everyone to pay attention to the present disasters caused by human activities.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all! Thank you!
第二节（满分25分）
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A little girl whose parents had died lived with her grandmother and slept in an upstairs bedroom. One night there was a fire in the house and the grandmother died while trying to rescue the child. The fire spread quickly, and the situation was terrible.
Neighbours called the fire department, then stood helplessly by, unable to enter the house because flames blocked all the entrances. The little girl appeared at an upstairs window, crying for help, just as word spread among the crowd that the fire- fighters would be delayed a few minutes because they were all at another fire.
Suddenly, a man appeared with a ladder, put it up against the side of the house and disappeared inside. When he reappeared, he had the little girl in his arms. He delivered the child to the waiting arms below, then disappeared into the night.
An investigation revealed that the child had no living relatives, and weeks later a meeting was held in the town hall to determine who would take the child into their home and bring her up.
A teacher said she would like to raise the child. She pointed out that she could ensure her a good education. A farmer offered her an upbringing (教养) on his farm. He pointed out that living on a farm was healthy and satisfying. Others spoke, giving their reasons why it was to the child's advantage to live with them.
Finally, the town's richest resident rose and said, “I can give this child all the advantages that you have mentioned here, plus money and everything that money can buy.”
Throughout all this, the child remained silent, her eyes on the floor.
“Does anyone else want to speak?” asked the meeting chairman. A man came forward from the back of the hall. He walked slowly and appeared to be in pain.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
When he got to the front of the hall, he stood directly in front of the little girl and held out his arms.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When asked her choice, the girl gave people the reasons firmly.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：
1．B    2．B    3．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍了在灾难时有帮助的几款应用程序。
1．细节理解题。根据Siren GPS Mobile下列第二段中“But it also works on Wi-Fi if cellphone networks are down after an emergency. (但如果紧急情况下手机网络中断，它也可以在Wi-Fi上运行。)”可知，选项B“如果你的手机网络坏了，它就没用了。”不是Siren GPS Mobile应用程序的特点。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据Life360下列第一段中“The Life360 app provides a service to keep the loved ones connected. (Life360应用程序提供了一种让亲人保持联系的服务。)”可知，如果你有Life360应用程序，你能和你社交圈里的人保持联系。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据First Aid by American Red Cross下列段落中“The app can also help with information to help plan for droughts, floods, storms and more. (该应用程序还可以提供信息，有助于对干旱、洪水、风暴等做出计划。)”可知，如果你想提前获得灾难的信息，最好的选择是First Aid by American Red Cross。故选D项。
4．D    5．C    6．C    7．A

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和丈夫经历了一次龙卷风幸存下来的经历。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The first alert my husband, Jimmy, 67, and I, 65, got came around 9 p. m. , from some scrolling text on the TV Jimmy was watching.”(我和我67岁的丈夫吉米第一次接到警报是在晚上9点左右，当时吉米正在看电视上滚动的文本。)可知，丈夫首先从电视节目上的滚动文本中得知龙卷风的警告信息。故选D。
5．词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句中的“it was on top of us”(它就在我们上面)和第二句“It was the loudest thing I have ever heard.”(这是我听过的最响的声音。)可知，此处是指发现龙卷风的到来，所以coverage意为“到来”。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第五段第三句“I held Jimmy's arm and tried to bring Jimmy with it.”(我抓住吉米的胳膊，想把吉米也拽过来。)和第五句“If I had let go, Jimmy would have flown right out the back of the house and into the bay.”(如果我放手，吉米就会从房子后面飞到海湾里去。)可知，妻子并不感到痛苦是因为她用尽了所有的力气去抓住丈夫。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据第二段“No sooner had we found coverage of the tornado than it was on top of us. It was the loudest thing I have ever heard. The bones of the house shook, and the power went out. The wind began to roar through the house, most likely through blownout windows and the door to our garage.”（我们一看到龙卷风的报道，它就在我们头顶上。这是我听过的最响的声音。房子的骨架摇晃了一下，接着就停电了。风开始呼啸着穿过房子，很可能是从被吹破的窗户和车库门吹进来的）根据最后一段最后两句“Of the houses left standing, ours suffered the most damage. Amazingly, none of us were severely injured.”(在幸存的房屋中，我们的房屋受损最严重。令人惊讶的是，我们都没有严重受伤。)可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是和我们分享她在龙卷风中幸存的经历。故选A。
8．D    9．C    10．A    11．D

【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了一个世纪以来最强的地震给美国在加勒比海的一个自治邦——波多黎各地区造成的破坏以及人们遭受的损失等情况。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Cars, cots and plastic chairs became temporary beds for hundreds of families who lost their homes in southwest Puerto Rico as a series of earthquakes struck the island;(汽车、帆布床和塑料椅成为波多黎各西南部数百个家庭的临时床，这些家庭在一系列地震袭击该岛时失去了家园)”以及“The magnitude 6.4 earthquake that struck before dawn on Tuesday killed one person, injured nine others and knocked out power across the U.S. More than 250,000 Puerto Ricans remained without water on Wednesday and another half a million without power, which also affected telecommunications.(周二拂晓前发生的里氏6.4级地震造成美国1人死亡，9人受伤，电力中断。周三，250000多名波多黎各人仍然缺水，另有50万人断电，这也影响了电信业)”可知，第一段主要描述了地震造成的损失。故选D项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“The couple were alone, feeling sad that their caretaker had disappeared and was not answering their calls.(这对夫妇单独待着，很难过他们的护工失联，没有接听他们的电话)”可知，这对夫妇与他们的护工失去联系了。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段“In Guánica itself, “We are facing a crisis worse than Hurricane Maria,” said Mayor Santos Seda, referring to the 2017 storm that destroyed the island.(市长桑托斯·塞达在谈到2017年摧毁该岛的风暴时表示，只在瓜尼卡岛上，“我们面临的危机比飓风玛丽亚还要严重”)”可知，2017年，飓风“玛利亚”袭击了波多黎各地区。故选A项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dayleen Ortiz set up a speaker on the roof of her car to play energetic salsa music and provided crayons and paper for children and urged adults to shake their fears.(Dayleen Ortiz在车顶上安装了一个扬声器，播放充满活力的萨尔萨音乐，并为儿童提供蜡笔和纸张，促使成年人摆脱恐惧)”以及“Ortiz dug behind cases of water bottles, chairs and blankets in her car and produced eight small new nail polishes and the girl smiled wide. It was a trick she learned professionally to calm and entertain children and help them heal after Hurricane Maria hit.( Ortiz在车里的水瓶、椅子和毯子后面挖洞，拿出八个新的指甲油，女孩笑得很开心。这是她从专业角度学会的一个把戏，让孩子们平静下来，娱乐他们，帮助他们在飓风玛丽亚袭击后康复)”可知，Dayleen Ortiz播放充满活力的音乐，提供蜡笔和纸张供儿童画画，鼓励成年人摆脱恐惧，也想方设法满足孩子想成为美容师的愿望，让孩子开心，这都是她自上次飓风“玛利亚”袭击该地区后专业学习到的一种治愈孩子的小技巧，因此可推测，Ortiz是一名心理咨询师。故选D项。
12．C    13．B    14．A    15．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述美国密西西比河以西最大的天然湖泊大盐湖已经达到了有记录以来的最低水位。以及该州需要采取严肃措施，防止湖泊水位进一步下降。
12．主旨大意题。由第三段“The serious drop in lake levels has raised concerns in the state about harmful dust, environmental damage and economic problems. Further water loss is expected to present serious risks to millions of migrating (迁徙) birds. It could also hurt a lake-based economy expected to be worth$1.3 billion. Economic activities include the production of minerals and brine shrimp (虾) and tourism.(湖泊水位的严重下降引起了该州对有害粉尘、环境破坏和经济问题的担忧。预计进一步的失水将给数百万候鸟带来严重风险。这也可能损害预计价值13亿美元的湖区经济。经济活动包括矿产和盐水虾的生产以及旅游业。)”可知，本段主要讲述湖水水位的严重下降引起了该州对有害粉尘、环境破坏和经济问题的关注以及其它问题。即湖水减少带来的不良影响。故选C项。
13．细节理解题。根据第五段“He says he thinks major action is needed in order to save the Great Salt Lake. “It’s not going to do it with baby steps. These are tiny baby steps that should have been taken 20 years ago,” Frankel said.(他说，他认为需要采取重大行动来拯救大盐湖。弗兰克尔说：“这不是婴儿步。这些是20年前应该采取的婴儿步。”。)”可知，Zach Frankel认为需要采取重大行动来拯救大盐湖。这不是一小步一小步就能做到的。即小的行动不足以拯救大盐湖。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“‘It’s bad but not hopeless yet,’ he said. ‘There is still time to fix and improve the situation.’(“情况很糟糕，但还没有绝望，”他说还有时间来解决和改善这种情况。”)”可知，情况很糟糕，但还不是没有希望，即亡羊补牢为时未晚（迟做总比不做好）。故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“The Great Salt Lake, America’s largest natural lake west of the Mississippi River, has reached its lowest levels in recorded history. Officials in Utah say the state needs to take serious measures to prevent further drops in lake levels.(大盐湖是美国密西西比河以西最大的天然湖泊，已达到有记录以来的最低水平。犹他州官员表示，该州需要采取认真措施，防止湖面水位进一步下降。)”以及下文可知，本文主要讲大盐湖已达到有记录以来的最低水平。犹他州的官员说该州需要采取严厉措施，防止湖泊水位进一步下降。故选D项。
16．G    17．D    18．E    19．F    20．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几条地震时该如何反应的建议。
16．上文“If you find yourself in the middle of an earthquake, there’s often only a short time to decide what to do.(如果你发现自己身处地震之中，通常只有很短的时间来决定该做什么)”说明身处地震中，决定该做什么的时间很短，G项“研究以下建议可能是生与死的区别。”承接上文，引出下文内容，符合题意。故选G。
17．本段标题句“Drop to the ground.(卧倒在地上)”说明本段给出的建议是卧倒在地，D项中drop to the floor是关键短语，D项“所以建议地震一发生你就卧倒在地。”符合本段主旨。故选D。
18．本段标题句“Take cover.(躲起来)”说明本段给出的建议是躲起来，以及上文“Get under a firm table or other piece of furniture.(躲到坚硬的桌子或其他家具下面)”说明躲起来时应注意的事项，E项“如果可能的话，远离窗户和任何可能坠落的物体。”继续介绍躲起来时的注意事项，符合题意。故选E。
19．下文“Hold on to whatever surface or platform you’ve gotten under and wait for the shaking to stop.(固守你已经到达的任何表面或平台下边，等待震动停止)”说明要待在相对安全的地方，等待震动停止，F项“地面可能会晃动，木块或砖块可能会掉落。”解释下文动作的原因，符合题意。故选F。
20．下文“Researchers have shown that most injuries happen when people try to change the place of hiding or when the place is crowded and everyone has a goal to get outside safe.(研究人员已经表明，大多数伤害发生在人们试图改变躲藏地点，或当这个地方很拥挤，每个人都有一个目标，以安全逃出的时候)”说明大多数伤害发生在人们试图改变躲藏的地点或者每个人都想出去时，A项“待在里面，直到出去是安全的。”说明在确认安全之前待在里面，引出下文内容，符合题意。故选A。

21．D    22．A    23．B    24．C    25．D    26．B    27．C    28．B    29．A    30．A    31．C    32．B    33．D    34．A    35．D

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了，洪水摧毁了哈根家的桥，切断了他们与外界的联系。哈根求助媒体，却意外接到孙子教练的来电，在孙子教练球队重建了桥之后，他们再一次与邻居取得了联系的故事。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：强大的洪水破坏了哈根的桥，使他和他的妻子与社区分离。A. dirty脏的；B. similar相似的；C. special特殊的；D. powerful强大的。根据上文的“a flood damaged houses, roads, and bridges”可知，洪水的威力是巨大的，故选D。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：强大的洪水破坏了哈根的桥，使他和他的妻子与社区分离。A. separated分开；B. saved获救；C. freed释放；D. hidden隐藏。分析句子可知，此处用非谓语动词作宾补，且根据上文的“The powerful flood damaged Hagan’s bridge”可知，洪水破坏了他家的桥，把他家和其他家分开了。故选A。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他求助于社交媒体，但从未想过自己会接到孙子教练瑞安·杰索普的电话。A. agreed同意；B. imagined想象；C. remembered记得；D. explained解释。根据but可知，句子的前后是转折关系，他原本是向社交媒体求助，但是却没想到收到了孙子教练的来电。可以，这件事是出乎他的意料的，没有想到的，故选B。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：杰索普说：“哈根夫妇为这个地区做了这么多，所以做出帮助的决定很容易。”A. enter进入；B. wait等待；C. help帮助；D. stay停留。根据下文“drew up a plan telling his team to build a new bridge”可知，其他人决定帮助他们。故选C。
25．考查介词短语辨析。句意：瑞士县的足球教练拟定了一个计划，告诉他的队员们在原来的地方建一座新桥来代替之前的旧桥。A. in honor of为了纪念；B. in need of需要；C. in case of万一；D. in place of代替。根据上文“flood damaged Hagan’s bridge”可知，旧的那座桥被摧毁了，所以要修一座新的桥来代替。故选D。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈根收到一条信息，一个团队将在周一上午9点到他家工作。A. invitation邀请；B. message消息；C. opinion观点；D. report报道。receive a message意为“收到一条信息”，that后面引导的同位语从句，是对于message的解释说明，呼应上文的“receive a call”。故选B。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这太感人了，让我热泪盈眶。”A. possible可能的；B. important重要的；C. touching感人的；D. puzzling令人费解的。根据and的并列结构可知，此处所填的内容与“brought tears to my eyes”形成并列，这件事太感人了。故选C。
28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，这座桥的钢框架基础结构没有被洪水破坏。A. Personally就个人而言；B. Fortunately幸运的是；C. Surely当然；D. Suddenly突然。根据上文“flood damaged Hagan’s bridge”可知，桥遭受了洪水的破坏，但是很幸运，桥身的钢架结构没有被摧毁。故选B。
29．考查动词短语辨析。句意：几十个人走到桥上，把那块旧的木板一块一块地拆了。A. took apart拆开；B. showed off展示；C. searched for搜索；D. put back收回。根据上文“the steel frame base structure of the bridge wasn’t damaged by the flooding”可知，旧桥的钢架结构没有被破坏，但是桥面的木板已经破损，需要拆除，故选A。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，该团队创建了一条装配线，将其重新组装起来。A. creating创造；B. protecting保护；C. recording记录；D. changing改变。根据下文“their grandson’s football team”可知，是他孙子的足球队来帮助修建这座桥的，这条流水线本来是没有的，是被团队创造出来的，故选A。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们团队的目标是通过团队合作来帮助他们，”学生后卫加布里埃尔·罗斯说。A. reason原因；B. trip旅行；C. goal目标；D. problem问题。根据上文“The Switzerland County football coach drew up a plan telling his team to build a new bridge”可知，修建新桥是他们团队的计划，也是他们团队的目标。故选C。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个小组只用了几个小时就完成了这个项目。A. moved移动；B. completed完成；C. researched研究；D. designed设计。根据下文的“it was done”可知，该项目完成了，故选B。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈根说：“他们9点就来了，当结束的时候，我看了看表，当时是11点45分。”A. bridge桥；B. door门；C. house房屋；D. watch表。根据下文“it was 11:45”可知，是看表知道的时间，故选D。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多亏了孙子的足球队，哈根一家现在和邻居们重新建立了联系。A. neighbourhood邻居；B. competitors竞争者；C. company公司；D. students学生。根据上文“leaving him and his wife separated from the community”可知，桥被破坏了，他们与社区断了联系，桥修好了，他们与邻居又取得了联系。故选A。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于杰索普教练，他把这记录为本赛季最大的胜利。A. risk风险；B. task任务；C. hope希望；D. win胜利。根据上文“their grandson’s football team”和“As for Coach Jesop”可知，是他孙子的足球队帮助修建的新桥，修桥的成功，在某种意义上也类似于足球的胜利。故选D。

36．appeared    37．coming    38．to eat    39．earthquakes    40．in    41．who##that    42．all    43．including    44．a    45．brighter

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了唐山大地震的有关情景。
36．考查时态。句意：井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。空处在that从句中作谓语，由句意和主句were可知，此处描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填appeared。
37．考查非谓语动词。句意： 至少有一口井冒出了难闻的气体。句中有谓语had，且前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作宾补，宾语gas和动词短语come out of(从……出来)是主谓关系，动词come应用现在分词，故填coming。
38．考查固定搭配。句意：鸡甚至猪都紧张得不敢吃东西，狗也拒绝进入建筑物内。too+形容词/副词+to do是固定搭配，表示“太……而不能”，故填to eat。
39．考查名词单复数。句意：凌晨3点42分，20世纪最致命的地震之一爆发了。one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数，表示“最……之一”，所以此处应用earthquake的复数，故填earthquakes。
40．考查介词。句意：不到一分钟，唐山就成了一片废墟。in ruins固定搭配，意为“一片废墟”，故填in。
41．考查定语从句。句意：在地震中死亡或重伤的人数超过40万。“______were killed or badly injured in the quake”是限定性定语从句，先行词为people，指人，且从句缺少主语，应用关系代词who/that，故填who/that。
42．考查不定代词。句意：但并没有失去所有的希望。根据下文描述，震后人们开始组织救援，城市开始恢复可知，此处表示“没有失去所有的希望”，all the hope表示“所有的希望”，此处all与not连用表示部分否定，故填all。
43．考查介词。句意：更多的人，包括工人和医生，前来提供帮助。此处是“介词+名词”作状语，应用介词including表示“包括”，故填including。
44．考查冠词。句意： 今天，一个新的唐山在地震废墟上建成，这向全世界证明，在灾难发生时，人们必须团结起来，显示出积极向上的智慧，重建更美好的未来。此处表示“一个新的唐山”，应用不定冠词来修饰Tangshan，且new发音是以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a，故填a。
45．考查形容词比较级。句意： 今天，一个新的唐山在地震废墟上建成，这向全世界证明，在灾难发生时，人们必须团结起来，显示出积极向上的智慧，重建更美好的未来。根据句意可知，此处表示“更美好的未来”，是未来的唐山和现在相比较，应用形容词bright的比较级brighter作定语，修饰名词future。故填brighter。
46．Dear friends，
I am writing to call on everyone to pay attention to the present disasters caused by human activities. As we know, over the past years, floods, landslides, and dust storms have frequented our planet. All these have sounded an alarm to human beings. So it is high time that we should join efforts to save our planet.
Above all, the top priority for us is to plant as many trees as possible, especially in the arid areas. Meanwhile, we should protect wild plants and animals to maintain the ecological balance. And we can save our planet through many other ways, such as saving water and using recyclable paper. Since it’s our duty to protect our planet, don’t hesitate to join us in the action and take thesemeasures.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封倡议书，呼吁大家关注灾害并保护环境。
【详解】1.词汇积累
付出努力：join efforts→work hard
同时：meanwhile→at the same time
责任：duty→responsibility
保护：protect→guard
2.句式拓展
同义句
原句：As we know, over the past years, floods, landslides, and dust storms have frequented our planet.
拓展句：It is well known that over the past years, floods, landslides, and dust storms have frequented our planet.
【点睛】[高分句型1] So it is high time that we should join efforts to save our planet.(运用了虚拟语气)
[高分句型2] Since it’s our duty to protect our planet, don’t hesitate to join us in the action and take thesemeasures.(运用了since引导原因状语从句)
47．One possible version:
When he got to the front of the hall, he stood directly in front of the little girl and held out his arms. His hands and arms were terribly scarred. The little girl cried out, “This is the man who rescued me!” With a leap, she threw her arms around the man's neck. She buried her face in his shoulder and sobbed for a few moments. Then she looked up and smiled, stating happily she would live with him.
When asked her choice, the girl gave people the reasons firmly. She said in a low but determined voice, “I really desire to get a good education that will give me chances to live my dreams. Besides,I know that money means a lot to me since I have no relatives to rely on. But it's the man who saved my life when I was desperately facing a fire like that. Without him, I wouldn't be here, waiting for a new choice. I hope that I can do whatever I can to pay back his kindness.”
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一个与祖母相依为命的女孩在大火中失去了祖母，在消防队员到来之前一个男人从大火里面将小女孩救了出来。一项调查显示，这个孩子没有在世的亲属。几周后，在市政厅举行了一次会议，决定由谁来收养这个孩子并抚养她。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“当他走到大厅前面时，他站在小女孩的面前，伸出双臂。”接下来叙述的是小女孩认出他就是从大火里救她出来的恩人，她愿意和他生活在一起。
②由第二段首句内容“当被问及她的选择时，女孩坚定地给出了理由。”可知，第二段叙述的应该是女孩为什么放弃好的教育和好的生活而愿意由救她的人来抚养。
2.续写线索：起火——救人——失去亲人——开会——抚养——理由
3.词汇激活（一个词汇要写出相近的表达）
行为类
到达：got to/reach/arrive at
另外，此外：besides/in addition/furthermore
情绪类
高兴地：happily/be happy/be delighted
绝望地：desperately/in despair/hopelessly
【点睛】[高分句型1] Then she looked up and smiled，stating happily she would live with him．（本句用非谓语动词中的现在分词stating在句中做状语）
[高分句型2] This is the man who rescued me!（句中使用who引导的定语从句）