【寒假复习】Unit 3 A day out 词句精讲精练

Unit 3 A day out

词句精讲精练

词汇精讲

1. need

         (1) need作实义动词，意为“需要，必然”，有人称、时态及数的变化。例如：

                       sb./ sth.  需要某人/某物

           need +       to do sth.需要做某事

doing 需要（被）做

例如：He needs some help. 他需要些帮助。

                  You didn’t need to come so early. 你不必来这么早。

                  The flowers need watering. 花需要浇水。

        (2) need也可作情态动词，意为“需要，必须”，没有人称、数和时态的变化，后接动词原形，多用于否定句和疑问句中。例如：

          He need not go at once. 他不必立刻走。

          Need he go at once? 他必须立刻走吗？

          用must提问的句子，其否定回答常用needn’t。例如：

— Must he hand in his homework this morning? 他必须今天上午交作业吗？

— No, he needn’t. 不，不必了。

【拓展】need to do和need doing的辨析：

         need to do sth.意为“需要干某事”，是自己主动去干某事；need doing其主语是物，含有被动的意义，相当于need to be done。例如：

         The student needs to do his homework as soon as he gets home.

那个学生需要一回家就做家庭作业。

My computer needs repairing. 我的电脑需要修理。

2. too much ＆ much too

         too much在课文中作形容词，意为“许多，大量”，后接不可数名词，也可作代词短语。

例如：I had too much. I’m full now. 我吃的太多了，现在饱了。

         【拓展】

too much / too many / much too的辨析：

例如：Don’t eat too much sweet. It’s bad for your teeth. 不要吃太多的糖，对牙齿不好。

There are too many books in the room. You can choose any one to read.

房间里有太多的书了，你可以选择任何一本来读。

It’s much too cold outside. You should put on your coat.

外面太冷了，你应该穿上外套。

3. in front of ＆ in the front of

    in front of和in the front of 都是介词短语, 表示“在......前面”，of的后面经常用名词或者代词表示地点。但是in front of强调一个物体在另一个物体外部的前面。in the front of强调一个物体在另一个物体内部的前面。例如：

There is a big desk in the front of our classroom.

在我们教室里，前面有一个大课桌。

There is a big tree in front of our classroom.

我们教室前面有一棵大树。

4. arrive, get＆reach

  （1）arrive 意为“到达”， 不及物动词，后接at 跟小地点；接in跟大地点。例如：

They arrive in Shanghai today. 今天他们到达上海。

When I arrive at the hotel, I will call you. 我到达旅馆时，会给你打电话。

（2）get意为“到达”，不及物动词，后接介词to跟地点。例如：

When did you get to Beijing? 你什么时候到达北京？

（3）reach意为“到达”，及物动词，后面直接跟地点。例如：

When she reaches the office, she likes drinking some tea.

她到达办公室时喜欢喝点茶。

5. enjoy oneself

  （1）enjoy oneself,意为“玩得开心，过得愉快”，和have a good time同义。例如：

They are enjoying themselves. = They are having a good time.

         他们玩得很开心。

（2） enjoy常见的习惯用语还有enjoy doing sth.，意为“喜欢做……”或者“做……很开心/很享受”。其中的enjoy是动词，有“欣赏，享受，喜爱”等意思，后接名词、代词或动名词。例如：

People enjoy the city’s quiet street. 人们喜爱这个城市宁静的街道。

         I enjoy listening to pop music. 我喜欢听流行音乐。

6. get on ＆ get off

    get on意为“上车”，get off意为“下车”，两者是反义词组。例如：

    He gets on the bus at that station every day. 他每天在那个车站上公共汽车。

    Don’t get off the bus. 不要下公共汽车。

  【拓展】 get的其他常见词组：

   get back   返回，回来      get down  下来    get up  起床，起立

   get ready for  为……做好准备    get out  出来， 拿出来   get on with sb. 与某人相处

7. can’t wait

  can’t wait to do sth. 意为“迫不及待去做某事”。例如：

  We can’t wait to see the film. 我们迫不及待观看这部电影。

  The children couldn’t wait to listen to the story. 孩子们迫不及待要听那个故事。

8. 反身代词的用法

  （1）反身代词的构成

反身代词指代某人自己，单数以-self结尾，复数以-selves结尾。第一、二人称反身代词由形容词性物主代词+self/selves构成，第三人称反身代词由宾格人称代词 + self / selves构成。

口诀：

反身代词构成并不难，单数词尾-self记心间。

第三人称宾格加在前，其余物主开头用在先。

复数形式如何变，f要用ves来替换。

（2）反身代词的用法

1）作宾语

反身代词常用在buy, enjoy, help, hurt, teach, wash等及物动词和by, to, after, for, about等介词后作宾语。例如：

You have to learn to look after yourself. 你得学会照顾自己。（作介词的宾语）

My sister can’t wash herself yet. 我的妹妹还不会自己洗脸。（作动词的宾语）

2）作同位语

反身代词常作主语或宾语的同位语，起强调作用，表示“自己；亲自”的意思。作主语同位语时，可以放在主语之后，也可以放在句子的末尾；但作宾语同位语时，反身代词只能放在宾语之后。例如：

The tiger himself didn’t often go to look for food.

= The tiger didn’t often go to look for food himself.

老虎自己很少出去寻找食物。（主语同位语）

You’d better ask Mary herself. 你最好问问玛丽本人。（宾语同位语）

3）作表语

反身代词也常放在系动词之后作表语，表示与主语是同一人或物。例如：

The man in the photo is myself. 照片上的那个人就是我（自己）。

口诀：

反身代词莫乱用，能作句中宾、表、同（宾语、表语、同位语），

         主语、定语不宜用，固定搭配要记清。

词汇精练

Ⅰ. 汉译英。

   1. 玩的愉快__________    2. 下车__________   3. 景点_________

   4. 非常惊讶（不敢相信自己的眼睛）_________     5. 主页__________  

6. 独立的，独自_________

Ⅱ. 根据首字母提示或句意补全单词。

     1. We n_____ help at the old people’s home.     

    2. The p_______ of the USA lives in the White House.

3. The bridge is not w_______ enough to cross three cars at the same time.

4. The window is made of s_______ so it’s very strong.

5. Tom i____________  me to his birthday party yesterday.

Ⅲ. 用反身代词填空。

    1. I’m not angry with you. I am angry with _______________.

2. Mary had a nice time on London. She enjoyed _______________ so much.

3. He never thinks about other people. He only thinks about _______________.

4. I cooked _______________ a meal and then I watched television.

5. She put the plates on the table and told them to help _______________ to the food.

6. Tom hurt _______________ when he was playing football.

7. She makes all her clothes _______________.

8. －Simon: Did you paint the room _______________?

      －Alice: Yes, it took me three days to do it.

      9. He typed the letter _______________ and then he posted it.

      10. Nobody teaches him; he learns English by ______.

Ⅳ. 选词填空。

    1. I have _______ ( much too, too much) work to do.

    2. Would you like _______ (some , any) ice cream?

    3. There is a tree ________ (in the front of, in front of) the house.

    4. We arrived _______( at, in ) Beijing yesterday.

    5. You shouldn’t get _______ (on , off ) the bus until it stops.

V．听力链接。

（2014江西省中考）

请听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。听完每段对话后，你都将有10秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。
1. Who sent the camera to Lily?
   A. Her friends.            B. Her grandparents.        C. Her parents.
2. When will the girl have the final exam?
   A. Tomorrow.             B. On Monday.             C. On Friday.
3. Whose notebook is this?
   A. Jenny’s.               B. Linda’s                 C. Bob’s.
4. Why does Peter look tired?
   A. He had a football match.
   B. He stayed up late for his exam.
   C. He watched a football match.
5. What does the girl mean?
   A. She doesn’t like swimming.
   B. She can’t go swimming with Tom.
   C. She will go swimming with her mother.
 

参考答案

Ⅰ. 汉译英。

   1. enjoy oneself   2. get off   3. place of interest  

4. not believe one’s eyes   5. main page/home page  6. by oneself

Ⅱ. 根据首字母提示或句意补全单词。

1. need   2. president   3. wide    4. steel   5.invited

Ⅲ. 用反身代词填空。

1. myself  2. herself  3. himself  4. myself  5. themselves

6. himself  7. herself  8. yourself  9. himself  10. himself

Ⅳ. 选词填空。

  1. too much   2. some   3. in front of  4. in  5. off

V．听力链接。

 听力材料及答案

1.C  2．B   3. A   4.C   5. B

听力原文：

请听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。听完每段对话后，你都将有10秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。

1. M: Lily, is that your new camera?

W: Yes, it’s a digital camera from my mum and dad. It’s my birthday present.

2. M: Hey, do you want to come to the movie tomorrow?

  W: I can’t. I will have the final exam on Monday. So I’m studying for it.

3. M: Is this notebook yours, Linda?

W: No, it’s not mine, Bob. My notebook is red. I think it’s Jenny’s. Look, her name is on it.

4. W: Peter looks very tired. Did he stay up late for his math exam?

  M: Not really. He watched a football match till midnight.

5. M: Hi, Susan! What about going swimming with me?

  W: That’s a good idea, Tom. But my mother has gone shopping. I have to look after my little sister.

句式精讲

1. It took us about two hours to get there by bus.

  （1）It takes sb. some time to do sth.是固定句型，意为“做某事需要花费某人多长时间”。take在此意为“花费”，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to do sth.。句式中的take的时态要根据具体情况而变化，课文的中的这个句子take用的是一般过去时。对这个句式中的时间提问时用how long。 例如：

            It takes me half an hour to finish my homework every day.

            我每天花费半个小时的时间做作业。

            How long does it take you from your home to school?

            从学校到你家要花多长时间？

       （2）动词spend也有“花费多长时间做某事”的意思，但句式和take不同。它的句式是

            “sb. spends + 时间或金钱+ (in) doing sth. /on sth.”。例如：

            I spend about 3 hours (in) doing /on my homework every day.

            我每天花大约三个小时做作业。

2. The model Golden Gate Bridge looked as great as the one back home.

   （1）句中的as…as 是一个固定词组，中间加形容词或副词原形，表示同级的比较，意为“和……一样”。例如：

This film is as interesting as that one. 这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。

Your pen writes as smoothly as mine. 你的钢笔书写起来和我的一样流畅。

（2）as…as的否定式为not as/so… as…中间加形容词或副词原形，意为“和……不一样”。例如：

This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.

这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。

3. …it was also great to learn a lot about different cultures.

        本句使用了It’s + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.结构，在这个结构中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。因为课文中的这个句子是一般过去时，因此这里的is变成了was。例如：

        To learn English is not easy. = It is/It’s not easy to learn English. 学英语不容易。

        To pass the exam was difficult. = It was difficult to pass the exam. 通过考试很难。

【拓展】

        （1）It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth.这一结构中，形容词是表示做某事的“性质、特征”，这类形容词有：important，easy，difficult，hard，necessary等。例如：

              It’s necessary for you to do more exercise. 多锻炼对你来说是必要的。

        （2）It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth.这一结构中，形容词是表示人的“品质”，这类形容词有：kind，wise，clever，good，foolish等。例如：

             It’s kind of you to say so. 你这样说真是太善良了。

4. Let’s ＆ Let us

let’s 与let us均可以用于提建议，意为“让我们……吧！”，但是在用法上略有区别：

在表示向对方提出建议，涉及双方的共同行为时，“let us”可以缩写成“let’s”；而表示请求对方允许做某事，不涉及对方行为时，“let us”不能缩写成“let’s”。 例如：

Let’s (=Let us) play sports. 咱们做运动吧。

Let us know your telephone number. 请把你的电话号码告诉我们。（Let us 不能缩写成Let’s）

【注意】

以“Let’s”开头的句子改为反意疑问句的时候，后面的附加疑问句用“shall we？”；以“Let us”开头的句子改为反意疑问句的时候，后面的附加疑问句用“will you?”

5. Come on, Hobo.

come on 意为“快点”，是come组成的常用词组之一，在口语中使用很广泛，有很多不同的意思。以下是常见的用法：

（1）表示请求、鼓励、劝说等。例如：

Come on，Lucy，don’t be so shy. 来吧，露茜，别不好意思。

（2）表示催促。例如：

Come on, it’s getting dark. 快点，天要黑了。

（3）体育竞赛时鼓励队员，意为“加油”。例如：

“Come on！ Come on！”shouted the audience again and again.

“加油！加油！”观众一再地喊。

句式精练

Ⅰ. 句型转换。

1. He learns English by himself. (同义句)

       He________ __________English.

2. English is hard to learn. English is very useful. (合并为一句)

       English is hard to learn ______very useful.

3. We enjoyed ourselves in the World Park. (对划线部分提问)

       ________did ______enjoy_____ _____?

4. They went to watch the final match by coach.  (同义句)

       They______ ______ _____to watch the final match.

5. The match took place at South Hill School. (否定句)

       The match_______ ______ ______at South Hill School.

    6. It takes us half an hour to get to the zoo.（改为否定句）

       It                        us half hour to get to the zoo．

   7. Kitty planned to visit the zoo. (对划线部分提问)

     _______ _______ Kitty plan to _______?

   8. We can get to the centre of the town by bus. (对划线部分提问)

     _______ can we _______ _______ the centre of the town?

   9. The trip from Kitty’s school to the park took about two hours by coach. (改为同义句)

     _______ _______ about two hours ______ ______ a trip from Kitty’s school to the park by coach.

   10. It was a great day. (改为感叹句)

      _______ _______ _______ ______ it was!

Ⅱ. 根据句意完成下列句子，每空一词。

    1. 乘公共汽车到故宫大约半个小时。

      ______ ______ about half an hour ______ ______ to the Palace Museum by bus.

2. 英语和数学一样重要。

       English is ______ ______ ______ math.

    3. 快点，公共汽车来了。

       ______ ______, the bus is coming.

    4. 咱们先去见我的新朋友吧。

______ ______my new friends ________.

5. 对我来说听清楚你说话很难。

It’s ________ for me________ ________ to you clearly.

6. 我们将乘地铁到市中心去。

   We are going to the ______ ______ the city _______ _______.

7. 他邀请我参加他的生日宴会。

   He _______ me _______ _______ ________ his birthday party.

8. 记住别攀爬岩石。

   Remember _______ _______ _______ the rocks.

9. 谢谢你帮我保守秘密。

   _______ _______ _______ the secret for me.

10. 你们昨天在公园玩儿的开心吗？

    Did you _______ _______ in the park yesterday?

Ⅲ.根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子使对话意义连贯、完整。

（2014湖南衡阳中考）

A: The summer holiday is coming. (1) _____________________?

B: I’m going to Mount Heng which lies in Nanyue.

A: (2) ____________________________?

B: I will be there for three days.

A: (3) ____________________________?

B: It's less than an hour's drive from Hengyang City.

A: (4) ____________________________?

B: It's very beautiful. And many tourists go there for holidays every year.

A: Oh, I see. (5) ____________________?

B: I’ll go with my parents.

A: It's time for class now. See you.

B: See you.

A：What do you plan to do this weekend?

B：  1  

A：I hear there's going to be a basketball match this Sunday．Tom and I are going to

watch it.  2 

B：Of course．Basketball is my favourite．But I have no ticket．What a pity!

A：You are lucky．I have some free tickets．  3  

B：Great!   4  

A：Let's meet at the bus stop at half past five．

B：I think there must be a lot of people there．  5  

A：OK．See you at five o'clock．

B：See you．

参考答案

Ⅰ. 句型转换。

   1．teaches himself  2．but   3．Where, you, yourselves  4．took the coach  

5．didn’t take place  6. doesn’t take  7. What did, do   8. How, get to 

9. It took, to take     10. What a great day

Ⅱ. 根据句意完成下列句子，每空一词。

  1. It takes, to get    2. as important as     3. Come on/ Hurry up  4. Let’s meet, first

5. difficult, to listen  6. centre of, by underground    7. invited, to join in

8. not to climb      9. Thanks for keeping         10. enjoy yourselves

Ⅲ.根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子使对话意义连贯、完整。

1. Where are you going?/ Where are you going on vacation?

2. How long are you going to stay there?

3. How far is it from Hengyang City?

4. How / What about there?

5. Who goes there together with you?