【寒假复习】Unit 4 Do it yourself 词句精讲精练
展开Unit 4 Do it yourself
词句精讲精练
词汇精讲
1. stand for
stand for意为“代表,象征”。例如:
X often stands for an unknown number. X经常代表未知数。
The dove stands for peace. 鸽子象征和平。
【拓展】
有关stand的常用短语:
(1)stand against意为“反对”。例如:
They all stood against the war. 他们都反对战争。
(2)stand out意为“突出;显著”。例如:
Her talent stood out in comparison with the others.
与其他人的技能相比,她的技能突出。
2. instead of/instead
(1) instead of是介词短语,意为“代替,而不是”,后面可以跟与前面并列成分相应的名词、代词、动词-ing形式等作为介词宾语。例如:
He went to the cinema instead of going to school. 他去了电影院而不是学校。
I made this cake specially with brown sugar instead of white.
我特别地以红糖代替白糖做了这个蛋糕。
(2) instead是副词,意为“代替,而不是”,常用作状语,一般情况下可不译出。例如:
He is tired. Let me go instead. 他累了,让我替他去吧。
She never studies. Instead, she plays tennis all day. 她从不学习,而是整天打网球。
3. cut
(1)cut作名词,意为“切口;切;剪辑”。例如:
There is a knife cut on his cheek.
他的面颊上有刀疤。
The food in the bridge went bad during a power cut.
冰箱里的食物在停电期间变质了。
Several cuts must be made before this play is broadcast.
这个剧目播出前必须经过数次剪辑。
(2)cut作动词,意为“切;割;剪”。例如:
This knife is not sharp enough to cut the steak.
这把刀子不够利,无法切牛排。
Don’t cut your finger on the broken glass.
别让碎玻璃割伤你的手。
Please face round, so that I can cut your hair at the back.
转一下头,以便我可以剪你后面的头发。
4. advise
advise是advice的动词形式,意为“劝告;建议”,常用于advise sb. to do sth.的结构中。
例如:
They advised her against marrying quickly. 他们劝她不要太快结婚。
He advised me to read English every morning. 他建议我每天早晨读英语。
【拓展】
(1)advice是不可数名词,意为“意见、建议、劝告、忠告”。例如:
a piece of advice一条建议
Let me give you some advice. 让我给你一些建议。
(2)give advice (on) …意为“给……提(有关……)的建议”。例如:
Can you give me some advice on how to learn English well?
你能给我一些关于如何学好英语的建议吗?
(3)take one’s advice意为“听从某人的建议”。例如:
I’ll take your advice, and do exercise every day.
我会听从你的建议,每天锻炼身体。
5. fix
fix作动词,意为“使……固定;修理;确定”。例如:
He fixed a shelf to the wall.
他把架子装在墙上。
My watch has stopped. It needs fixing.
我的表停了,需要修理了。
Have you fixed on a date for the wedding?
你们选定结婚日期了吗?
【拓展】
fix up意为“修理,修补”,是动副型短语,与mend,repair同义。如果fix up的宾语是代词,须置于fix与up之间;如果宾语是名词,置于up之前或之后均可。
My radio doesn’t work. Could you fix it up for me?
我的收音机坏了。你能帮我修理一下吗?
6. should
should是情态动词,意为“应当,应该”。表示义务、责任等,可用于各种人称,无人称和数的变化,也不能单独作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语,表示说话人的语气和情态;否定形式为should not,缩写为shouldn’t。其主要用法有:
(1)表示责任和义务,意为“应该”。例如:
You should take your teacher’s advice. 你应该听从你老师的建议。
You shouldn’t be late for class. 你不应该上课迟到。
(2)表示建议,意为“应该”。例如:
You should have a try. 你应该尝试一下。
You should know a little about DIY. 你应该对“自己动手做”有一些了解。
(3)表示推断,意为“可能,该”。例如:
The train should have already left. 火车可能已经离开了。
Without accidents, we should arrive on time.
没有意外情况的话,我们应该可按时到达。
7. add
add作动词,意为“加,增加”,常用以下结构:
(1)add… to… 意为“把……加到……”。例如:
Don’t add fuel to the flames. 别再火上浇油了。
(2)add to表示“增加;增添”,其中to是介词,后接名词或代词。例如:
Each girl present at the party was wearing a flower in the hair, which added to their beauty.
参加晚会的姑娘人人头上都戴有一朵花,使得她们显得愈加漂亮。
(3)add up 意为“把……加起来”。例如:
Add up all the numbers and you will see how much you owe me.
把所有的数字加起来看看你欠我多少。
(4)add up to 意为“总计;加起来结果是”。 例如:
All the numbers add up to exactly 900. 所有数加起来一共900.
8. finally
finally作副词,意为“最后”。多修饰动态动词,位置较灵活,可位于句中、句首或句尾,位于句中时,要放在be动词、助动词和情态动词之后,行为动词之前。例如:
They finally found the lost child. 他们终于找到了丢失的孩子。
He worked out the math problem finally. 他终于解出了那道数学题。
【拓展】
finally,at last与in the end
(1)finally强调在列举论点时,引出最后一个内容,表示盼望已久的事情终于实现了的含义。侧重最后的结果。例如:
They talked about it for hours, finally they decided not to go.
他们为此讨论了几个小时,最后决定不去了。
(2)at last强调经过曲折后才达到目的。表示期待的感情更为强烈。侧重指先后顺序,并且在句中的位置较为灵活。例如:
When they found him at last, he was almost dead. 当他们最终找到他时,他几乎死了。
(3)in the end在强调经过许多变化、困难之后才达到目的时,与at last的用法一样,且位置较为灵活。但在表示对将来的结局表示预测时,只能用in the end。例如:
He tried many different jobs, and in the end he became a postman.
他做过许多工作,最后当了一名邮递员。
In the end, things will mend.
[谚]车到山前必有路。
9. for example
for example意为“例如”,强调“举例”说明,而且一般只举同类人或物中的一个作为插入语,且用逗号隔开。for example可置于句首、句中或句末。例如:
There are many kinds of pollution, for example, noise is a kind of pollution.
这里有许多种污染,例如噪音就是一种污染。
Many students like playing computer games, for example, Mike.
许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏,比如迈克。
【拓展】
such as也意为“例如”,用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子,一般不全部列出,可置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间,但such as后边不能用逗号。例如:
I have many hobbies such as reading, dancing and singing.
我有很多爱好,如读书,跳舞和唱歌。
English is spoken in many countries, such as Australia, Canada and so on.
许多国家说英语,如澳大利亚、加拿大等。
10. go wrong
go wrong意为“走错路,发生故障”。例如:
We must have gone wrong somewhere;we should have reached the village by now.
我们一定在什么地方走错了路,这个时候我们本应到达那个村子了。
My computer has gone wrong. It doesn’t work. 我的电脑出故障了,不工作了。
【拓展】
What’s wrong with sb./sth.?意为“某人/某物怎么了?”例如:
What’s the matter with you? = What’s wrong with you? 你怎么了?
— What’s wrong / What’s the matter with your leg? 你的腿怎么了?
— Nothing. 没什么。
词汇精练
I. 把下列汉语词组翻译成英语。
1.着迷________________________
2.装饰房子___________________
3.看起来糟糕________________
4.安装________________
5.犯错误________________
6.把图片张贴到墙上________________
7.用……充满……________________
8.把墙粉刷成蓝色________________
9.把书放到书架上________________
10.学习课程________________
11.知道更多关于……________________
12.不仅……而且……________________
II. 根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。
1.I had a cold yesterday.The doctor a________ me to take a rest.
2.All the students will a________ the meeting.
3.Don’t worry.I will c________ my work next week.
4.The car won’t start.Can you f________ it?
5.He is too busy.Let me go i________.
6.She thought that it was too dark in her ________(卧室).
7.The man attends lessons every ________(星期六).
8.There is no ________(电) in my house all day.
9.Tom paints his cat blue,but it looks ________(糟糕的).
III. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空(每空不限一词)。
1.As we all know,light ________(travel) faster than sound.
2.He hopes he ________(win) first prize again in the 2016 Olympic Games.
3.Wang Hao spends 6 hours ________(practise) ________(play) table tennis every day.
4.It rained heavily yesterday,so my father ________(drive) me to school.
5.Kitty said she ________(prefer) to go to the USA.
6.________(not be) late for school again,Tom.
7.My computer _______(go) wrong yesterday.
8.The American flag _______(stand) for freedom and justice(公平).
IV.听力链接。(2015上海市中考)
判断下列句子是否符合你听到的对话内容,符合的用“T”表示,不符合的用“F”表示。
15. The boy went to a store to choose a mobile phone for his mum.
16. With the help of the shop assistant, the boy knew how the phone worked.
17. The price of the white phone was too high for the boy.
18. The white phone couldn’t be used to send emails or play games.
19. At last, the boy bought a phone of the same model as the shop assistant’s.
20. This dialogue is about whether a student should buy an expensive phone or not.
【参考答案】
I. 把下列汉语词组翻译成英语。
1.be crazy about 2.decorate the house 3.look terrible 4.put in 5.make a mistake/make mistakes 6.put up a picture on the wall 7.fill...with... 8.paint the walls blue 9.put the books on the shelf 10.attend lessons 11.know much more about... 12.not only...but also…
II. 根据汉语或首字母提示完成下列句子。
1.advised 2.attend 3.complete 4.fix 5.instead
6.bedroom 7.Saturday 8.electricity 9.terrible
III. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空(每空不限一词)。
1.travels 2.will win 3.practising;playing 4.drove
5.preferred 6.Don’t be 7.went 8.stands
IV.听力链接。(2015上海市中考)
15. F 16. T 17. T 18. F 19. T 20. F
判断下列句子是否符合你听到的对话内容,符合的用T表示,不符合的用F表示,并在答题纸上填涂相应的字母代号,对话念两遍。
W: Hello, what can I do for you?
M: I’d like to look at some mobile phones.
W: Sure, follow me, please. I’ll show you our latest models.
M: Thank you very much.
W: Are you buying a phone for yourself or someone else?
M: Just for myself.
W: I see. These models are all very popular at the moment.
M: I really like this white one. Can you show me how it works?
W: Yes, of course. Turn it on here.
M: Great, thanks. Ok. Has this phone got a music player and a camera?
W: Yes, it has.
M: How much is it?
W: 3,800 Yuan.
M: Wow! I am afraid I’ll have to check with my mum. I don’t think she’ll let spend that much.
W: Well, with this model, you can watch videos, play games and send E-mails.
M: Hum. I don’t think I’ll need all that. Shall I find some cheaper models?
W: Yes, please.
M: Could you show me something more basic?
W: That’s no problem .I’ll just put this back in the box. Now, what about this one?
M: Oh, I like this one.
W: Yeah, so do I. It has everything you need. And it’s a lot cheaper. Look! I’ve got one, too.
M: Ok, I’ll take it.
句式精讲
1. stop doing sth.
stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”。例如:
He stopped watching TV and began to read English. 他不看电视了,开始读英语。
【拓展】
stop后还可以接动词不定式,即stop to do sth.意为“停下来原来做的事,做另一件事”。
例如:
He watched TV for an hour. At 8 he stopped to do his homework.
他看了一个小时的电视,八点钟他停下来(看电视)去做作业。
2. not only…but also…
(1)not only...but also…的意思是“不但……而且……”,连接两个并列成分,如果连接两个主语的时候,谓语动词和also后面的主语保持一致。例如:
Not only my mother but also I like to go to the garden.
不仅妈妈而且我也喜欢去公园。
(2)以not only…but also… 开头的句子往往引起倒装。例如:
Not only did he complain about the food, but also he refused to pay for it.
他不仅抱怨饭不好吃,而且拒绝付饭钱。
3. had better do sth.
had better(常简略为’d better)是一固定词组,had better意为“最好”,用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示一种愿望。其用法有以下几点:
(1)had better后面必须跟动词原形,构成had better do sth.句型。
注意:这里的had不能用have来替换。例如:
You’d better go to hospital at once. 你最好立即去医院看病。
Tom, you’d better go there today. 汤姆,你最好今天去那里。
(2)主语不论是第几人称,句子不论是什么时态,都要用had better的形式。例如:
Now you(he; we) had better listen to the teacher. 你(他,我们)现在最好听老师讲。
4. I’m certain that I can fix it myself.
certain是形容词,意为“确定的;无疑的”,相当于sure,对应的副词为certainly。certain常用于以下结构中:
be certain / sure of sth. 对某事有把握
be certain / sure to do sth. 肯定做某事
be certain / sure + that从句 确信……
例如:
They are certain / sure of success. 他们有把握成功。
I’m certain / sure that he will come. 我确信他会来。
【拓展】
certain与sure
两词都含有“确信,肯定”之意,其区别如下:
(1)certain为形容词,不仅表示相信,而且表示有根据,主语既可以是人也可以是物。
例如:
He is certain to come. 他一定会来。
It’s certain that he won the game now. 现在可以肯定他赢得了这场比赛。
(2)sure既可以是形容词也可作副词,常表示人的主观愿望或信念,主语通常是人。例如:
Kids nowadays seem very sure of themselves. 现在的小孩显得非常自信。
— Can you give me a ride to work tomorrow? 明天我可以顺路搭你的车去上班吗?
— Sure. 当然可以。
5. Prepare the fruit salad…
(1)该句是一个祈使句,省略了句子的主语you,以动词原形开头,表示命令、邀请、请求等语气。例如:
Open the door, please! 请打开门。
Come in, please. 请进。
(2)祈使句的否定句,一般在句子开头加don’t即可。例如:
Save the document before you turn off the computer. (肯定句)
关电脑之前保存一下文件。
Don’t forget to save the document before you turn off the computer.(否定句)
关电脑之前别忘了保存文件。
句式精练
I. 句型转换,按要求完成下列句子。
1.You must not play football in the street.(改为祈使句)
________ ________ football in the street.
2.Jack is the shortest in his class.(改为同义句)
Jack is shorter ________ ________ ________ ________ in his class.
3.I think he will come back soon.(改为否定句)
I ________ ________ he ________ come back soon.
4.Do it like this! (改为否定句)
________ ________ it like this!
5.My book is more interesting than his book.(改为同义句)
His book _______ _______ _______ interesting as my book.
6.I need to exercise and keep fit.(对划线部分提问)
______ _______ you need to ______?
7.It took me over two hours to finish my homework last night.(改为同义句)
I _______ over two hours _______ my homework last night.
II. 根据汉语提示,完成句子。
1.你能帮我修理这些旧桌子吗?
Can you help me ________ ________ ________ ________?
2.你最好在这次考试中细心些,因为你经常犯错误。
You’d better ________ ________ in this exam because you often ________ ________.
3.我爸爸撞坏了水管,结果弄得我们的起居室里到处是水。
My dad hit the pipe and our sitting room was ________ ________ water.
4.不要把我的椅子漆成蓝色的。
________ ________my chair blue.
5.昨天爸爸给我买了一些故事书来读。
Dad bought a lot of storybooks ________ ________ ________ ________yesterday.
6.米莉喜欢自己做DIY。
Millie likes doing DIY ________ ________ ________.
7.现在可以肯定他赢得了这场比赛。
________ ________ ________ he won the game now.
8.我们可以停止打扫教室做些食物吗?
Can we ________ ________ the house and make some food?
III.语法专项选择填空。
1.Boys and girls,_______ up your hands if you want to take part in the summer camp(夏令营).
A.putting B.to put C.put D.to putting
2._______ more,and you’ll improve your spoken English.
A.Speak B.Speaks C.Speaking D.To speak
3.It’s cold outside.You _______ put on your coat.
A.had better to B.had better C.would better D.would better to
4.Maybe you _______ say sorry to your sister.
A.shall B.should C.will D.would
5.You _______ give up smoking.
A.could B.would C.should D.might
IV. 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空,使对话通順、正确,每词仅用一次(每空一词)。
(2014浙江台州中考)
box look move beside easily |
Helen:Oh, what a beautiful house! I love it.
Victor:Me too. Well, where shall we put these 1 first?
Helen:Let’s put them in that corner. And we could put the shelf here, 2 the desk.
Victor:Good suggestion! We can get books more 3 if the shelf is here.
Helen:Wouldn’t it be a good idea to place the sofa, here, right in the middle?
Victor:No, it will 4 too crowded. It will be much better if we put it on the right.
Helen:If the sofa is on the right, the TV should be 5 to the left.
Victor:That’s right.
【参考答案】
I. 句型转换,按要求完成下列句子。
1.Don’t play 2.than any other student 3.don’t think;will
4.Don’t do 5.is not as/so 6.What do;do 7.spent;on
II. 根据汉语提示,完成句子。
1.repair these old desks 2.be careful;make mistakes
3.filled with 4.Don’t paint 5.for me to read 6.on her own
7.It’s certain that 8.stop cleaning
III.语法专项选择填空。
1.C。由句意“同学们,如果你想参加夏令营就举起你的手”可知用祈使句。因此用动词原形put。
2.A。本题考查祈使句,祈使句一般以动词原形开头。句意:多说,你就会提高你的英语口语。
3.B。由前句“外面冷”可知,“你最好穿上你的外套”。had better意为“最好”,后接动词原形。
4.B。shall意为“将要”;should表示责任、建议或劝告,意为“应当,应该”;will表示意志、意愿,意为“愿,要”;would是will的过去式。由句意“也许你应该向你姐姐道歉”可知选B项。
5.C。could是can的过去式,意为“可以”;would是will的过去式,意为“将要”;should表示责任、建议或劝告,意为“应当,应该”;might是:may的过去式,意为“可以”。句意:你应当戒烟。
IV. 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空,使对话通順、正确,每词仅用一次(每空一词)。
1. boxes 2. beside 3. easily 4. look 5. moved