【寒假复习】Unit 2 School life 词句精讲精练
展开Unit 2 School life
词句精讲精练
词汇精讲
1. have to
have to意为“不得不，必须”，表示客观情况要求某人必须做某事，有人称和时态的变化，后接动词原形。例如：
She isn’t very well these days and she has to stay at home.
她这些天身体不太好，不得不待在家里。
You don’t have to tell me this. 你不必告诉我这件事。
Do you have to do everything? 什么事都得你做吗？
She doesn’t have to come this afternoon. 今天下午她不必来。
【拓展】
must与have to的辨析：
have to侧重于客观需要，含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意，有多种时态形式；否定式为don’t have to意为“不必”。
must侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务去做某事；只有现在时一种形式（在宾语从句中可以表示过去）；否定式mustn’t 意为“一定不要；不允许”。例如：
You must do your homework first. 你必须先做作业。
It’s raining. I have to stay at home. 正在下雨，我不得不待在家里。
口诀：“主观职责”说“必须”，must赶紧用上去；若是“环境”“不得不”，赶紧换用have to。
2. fewer
fewer意为“更少的”，是few的比较级形式。例如：
Fewer people study Latin today than before. 现在学拉丁语的人比以前少了。
【拓展】a few/ a little; few/little的辨析：
| 可数 | 不可数 |
肯定 | a few(有一些) | a little(有一些) |
否定 | few(几乎没有) | little(几乎没有) |
例如：
We have little time to do it. 我们几乎没有时间来做这件事。
He is new here. So he has few friends. 他是新来的，所以几乎没有朋友。
Peter has just been away for a few minutes. Peter刚离开几分钟。
There is a little milk in the fridge. We can buy it tomorrow.
冰箱里还有一点牛奶，我们可以明天去买。
口诀：few, little有异同，修饰名词（可数或不可数）要记清；
其前有 “a”表示肯定，其前无 “a” 表示否定。
3. look through
look through是动副结构，意为“浏览，快速查看”。其后接名词或代词，但代词需放在look
和through的中间。另外，look through还有“透过……看”之意。例如：
Before the meeting, I looked through the reports. 会议前，我浏览了报告。
The boy is looking through the window of his house. 那个男孩正透过他家的窗户看。
【拓展】look 的相关短语：
look up(在字典、参考书中)查询所需的信息
look for寻找
look over(医生)仔细检查
look around 环顾四周
look after照看
look at 看……
look down on 看不起
4. during
during是介词，意为“在……期间”。例如：
I went to see my uncle during my stay in Beijing. 我在北京逗留期间去看我叔叔了。
【拓展】during; in 和for的辨析：
(1) during指“在……时间内，在……的期间”，一般有明确的时间长度和起止时间。谓语动词常为持续性的动作或状态，时间段前常有限定词（the; 物主代词等），表特指。例如：
He asked many questions during the three meetings. 在这三次会议期间，他问了许多问题。
(2) in意为“在……时间内”，一般情况下可以和during互换，用in时往往强调某一动作发生在某一时间段中的某一时间点；during既可用在“在整个时间段期间”，也可用在“某时间段内的某个时间点”。例如：
Mike put his hand up three times during/in the class. 在这节课内，Mike举了三次手。
(3) for意为“（时间）长达……”，强调时间由始至终，动作也贯穿这段时间的始终，可以和完成时连用。强调持续时间的长短，回答how long的问题；而during则是指动作所发生的时间，回答when的问题。例如：
He stayed in Beijing for two years. 他在北京住了两年。
He swims every day during the summer. 夏天他每天去游泳。
5. borrow
borrow vt. 意为“借、借用、借进”，指向别人借东西，常用的句型是borrow sth. from. sb. 意为“从某人那里借某物”。例如：
Can I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗？
He borrowed some books from the school library yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午他从学校图书馆借了一些书。
【拓展】lend; use; keep和rent的辨析：
(1) lend是指把东西借给别人，即“借出”，常用的句型是lend sth. to sb.把某物借给某人。例如：
Can you lend your bike to me? 你能把你的自行车借给我用用吗？
(2) use 意为“使用、借用”，指当时临时借用一下笔、电话等或不能移动的东西。例如：
May I use your telephone? 我可以用用你的电话吗？
(3) keep是由“保存、保持”引申出“借”的含义，是延续性动词，用于替换瞬间动词borrow。例如：
Can I keep the book a little longer?我借这本书的时间能长点吗？
(4) rent指付费租借，即“租借、租用”，而borrow; lend; use和keep都表示免费借用。例如：
We rented the house from the woman. 我们向那个妇女租下了这所房子。
6. offer
(1) offer是动词，意为“提供”。例如：
They will offer drinks during the meeting. 会议期间他们将提供饮料。
The young man offered an old man his own seats. = The young man offered his own seat to an old man. 那个年轻人把自己的座位让给了一位老人。
(2) offer的常见搭配：
offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 向某人提供某物 例如：
He offered me a glass of wine. 他端给我一杯酒。
They offered to help me. 他们表示愿意帮助我。
7. on Friday afternoon
on Friday afternoon意为“在星期五下午”。on在此处是介词，表示时间，用在具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上或星期、节日等时间名词前。例如：
on Saturday 在星期六
We are very happy on Children’s Day. 儿童节那天我们很开心。
【拓展】时间介词in与at：
(1) in 后常跟年，月，季节，周等，也用于表示泛指的上午，下午，晚上。例如：
in summer 在夏季 in the morning 在上午 in July 在七月
We often plant trees in spring. 我们经常在春季植树。
My father often goes to Beijing in January.我的爸爸经常在一月去北京。
(2) at后常跟表示某个具体的时刻点。例如：
at 7:00 在七点钟 at the moment 在此刻
at night在晚上 at noon在中午
8.wear
wear意为“穿，戴”，其后接衣服、鞋帽、眼镜等名词。例如：
She likes wearing a skirt. 她喜欢穿裙子。
【拓展】put on，wear与in的辨析：
put on, wear与in都有“穿，戴”之意。
（1）wear指穿的状态，意为“穿着，戴着”。例如：
She is wearing a red skirt. 她穿着红裙子。
（2）put on指穿的动作，意为“穿上，戴上”。例如：
He is putting on his shoes. 他在穿鞋。
（3）in指穿的状态，意为“穿着，戴着”。但它不能作谓语，后常跟颜色词。例如：
She is in red today. 她今天穿的红衣服。
9. win
win是动词，意为“赢得；打败；战胜”，其现在分词要双写n，再加-ing，过去式和过去分词均为won。例如：
He won a prize last week. 他上周得奖了。
They won the basketball match yesterday. 他们昨天赢得了那场篮球比赛。
【拓展】
win和beat的辨析：
(1) win强调赢得“比赛、游戏、战争”，获得“名次、奖品”。例如：
win a prize得奖
win a game赢得比赛
win a honor赢得荣誉
win a battle 赢得战斗
win a match赢得比赛
win a scholarship赢得奖学金
(2) beat强调“打败，战胜”，其后只能接比赛、竞争的对手，即beat只能接表示人的词语作宾语。例如：
beat a team 战胜/打败一队（组）
beat a nation战争/打败一个国家
beat an opponent战胜/打败一个对手
10. finish
finish意为“完成，结束”，作及物动词时，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词。即：finish sth.或finish doing sth.。例如：
I finished my homework this morning. 我今天上午做完了作业。
When did you finish drawing the picture? 你什么时候画完那副画的？
【拓展】
能接v.-ing作宾语的动词还有：practice; enjoy; mind; keep等。
practice doing sth. 练习做某事
enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
mind doing sth.介意做某事
keep doing sth. 一直做某事
词汇精练
I. 英汉互译。
1. buy sth. for sb. __________________ 2. 花时间做某事__________________
3. 浏览__________________ 4. keep on doing sth. __________________
5. 不得不，必须__________________ 6. borrow sth. from sb. __________________
7. 主动提出做某事__________________ 8. 在星期一下午__________________
9. 赢得比赛__________________ 10. finish doing sth. __________________
II. 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. Shall we go to see the m____________ this afternoon?
2. There are some difference between B____________ English and American English.
3. My father often listens to my problems and o____________ me help.
4. Near the end of each class, we can ____________(讨论) some problems together.
5. Time ____________(似乎) to go faster when we enjoy the interesting games.
6. We s____________ much time doing our homework yesterday.
7. In our ____________(日常的) life, we can see many advertisements everywhere.
8. Learning a foreign ____________(语言) is great fun.
9. I like wearing my u____________ to school.
10. V____________ is another way of saying holiday.
III. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. There are ___________(few) lives on the moon than on the earth.
2. We plant ___________(many) trees than before.
3. My sister is ____________(comfortable) because she lost her money.
4. These apples taste ____________(well) and sell well.
5. — Sorry, I am late.
— Why don’t you ____________(get) up early?
6. My parents like ____________(watch) TV in the evening.
7. Tom seems ____________(be) a hero.
8. Our teacher asks us ____________(turn) off the lights when we leave the classroom.
参考答案
I. 英汉互译。
1. 为某人买某物 2. spend time doing sth. 3. look through 4. 继续，重复做某事
5. have to 6. 从某人那里借某物 7. offer to do sth.
8. on Monday afternoon 9. win the game 10. 做完某事
II. 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. movie 2. British 3. offers 4. discuss 5. seems 6. spent
7. daily 8. language 9. uniform 10. Vacation
III. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. fewer 2. more 3. uncomfortable 4. good 5. get 6. watching 7. to be 8. to turn
句式精讲
1. Time seems to go faster when we are reading interesting books.
seem是动词，意为“仿佛；似乎；好像”。seem to do sth. 意为“似乎、看来、好像做某事”。
例如：
I seem to have left my book at home. 我好像把书忘在家里了。
She seems to be happy. 她看起来很高兴。
【拓展】seem的用法归纳：
(1) seem + 名词。 例如：
He seems a nice man. 他看起来是个好人。
(2) seem like…意为“好像，似乎……”。 例如：
It seemed like not a bad idea at that time. 那时这主意好像不错。
(3) seem + 形容词。例如：
He seems very angry. 他好像非常生气。
(4) It seems that…或It seemed that…意为“看起来好像……，似乎……”。例如：
It seemed that he was very happy. 他看上去好像很高兴。
2. In the club, older students help new students learn more about the school.
(1) help sb. do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”。此句型也可以说成：help sb. to do sth.。例如：
He helps me learn English.= He helps me to learn English. 他帮助我学习英语。
(2) help sb. with sth.在某事上帮助某人。 例如：
My maths teacher helps me with my maths. 我的数学老师在数学上帮助我。
(3) help 也可以作名词，作名词时常用于下列短语：
with one’s help= with the help of 在……的帮助下 例如：
With Mary’s help, I made rapid progress in English learning. =
With the help of Mary, I made rapid progress in English learn.
在Mary的帮助下，我在英语学习方面进步很快。
3.Both Nancy and John are Grade 8 students.
句子中的both...and相当于一个连词，意思是“不但……而且”，它可以连接两个名词、形容词或者介词短语等，如果连接两个主语的时候，谓语动词常用复数形式。例如：
Both my father and mother are doctors. 我的父亲和母亲都是医生。
He speaks both English and French. 他既会说英语还会说法语。
【拓展】
both...and的否定短语是neither...nor，意思是“既不……也不……”。
It’s neither too cold nor too hot. 天气既不太冷也不太热。
Neither boys nor girls are interested in it. 男孩子和女孩子对此都不感兴趣。
4. How much time do students spend on homework every day?
spend是动词，意为“花费（时间或金钱）”。其过去式为spent。用法如下：
spend + 时间/金钱 + (in) doing sth. 花费时间或金钱做某事
spend+时间/金钱 + on sth. 花费时间或金钱在某物上
例如：
I spend two hours in reading every day. 我每天花两个小时阅读。
He spends 20 yuan on books every month. 他每月花20元买书。
表示“花费”的spend、take、cost和pay的辨析：
词语 | 主语 | 结构 |
spend | 人(sb.) | sb. spends + 时间或金钱+ (in) doing sth. /on sth. |
take | it作形式主语 | It takes sb. some time to do sth.(真正主语) |
pay | 人(sb.) | sb. pays + 金钱+ for sth. |
cost | sth.(物) | sth. costs sb. + 金钱 |
例如：
I spent 3 hours (in) doing /on my homework yesterday. 昨天我花了三个小时做作业。
It took me four hours to go to Wuhan by bus. 乘公共汽车去武汉花了我四个小时。
I paid six yuan for the pen. 我花了六元钱买这支笔。
My English book cost me five yuan. 我的英语书花了我五元钱。
5. How about you, Simon
(1) “How about…= What about…”意为“……怎么样”，用来征求别人的意见，了解情况或提出建议。其后可以接名词或者代词，接代词时要用宾格。例如：
What about the book? 那本书怎么样？
I like this car, what about him? 我喜欢这辆汽车，他呢？
(2) how about后接动词时一定要用动词的-ing形式。例如：
How about going shopping?去购物怎么样？
How about drinking a cup of tea? 喝杯茶怎么样？
句式精练
I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。
1. 你为什不和我么一起回家呢？
___________ ___________ ___________ go home with us together?
2. 家里几乎没有牛奶了。我们买一些吧。
There is___________ ___________ at home. Let’s buy some.
3. 西蒙一直练习打篮球。
Simon keeps on ___________ ___________ ___________.
4. 你的新汽车花了多少钱？
How much did you ___________ ___________ your new car?
5. 骑自行车去那里要多长时间？
___________ ___________ does it take to go there by bike?
6. 他们不得不更加努力地去学更多的东西。
They ____________ ____________ work harder and ____________ ____________.
7. 让我们今天下午去看电影好吗？
____________ we ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ this afternoon?
8. 我们也能从家里带来书和杂志。
We can ____________ ____________ books and magazines from home.
9. 当我们读有趣的书时，时间似乎过得更快。
Time ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ when we read interesting books.
10. 他经常仔细聆听我的问题并给我提供帮助。
He often ____________ ____________ to my problems and ____________ me help.
II. 句型转换，每空一词。
1. I spend ten minutes cleaning my room every day. (改为同义句)
____________ ____________ me ten minutes to clean my room every day.
2. The book on the left is the most interesting. (对划线部分提问)
____________ book is the most interesting?
3. little; difficult; swimming; diving; more; a; than; is(连词成句)
_____________________________________________________________
4. The park is the most beautiful in Canada. (同义句转换)
The park is more beautiful than ____________ ____________ park in Canada.
5. Mr. Green has to stay in hospital for two months. (对划线部分提问)
____________ ____________ ____________ Mr. Green ____________ ____________ stay in hospital?
III. 补全对话。
A: Hello. 1. ___________________.
B: Me, too.
A: But you look worried. 2. __________________?
B: I got a “C” in the English exam.
A: 3. ______________________!
B: I think English is too difficult for me. I don't understand why we Chinese students have to learn it.
A: You know, 4. _____________________.
B: You’re right. Though it’s very useful, it’s too hard.
A: It’s hard, but it’s important. 5. ______________.
B: Really? It’s very kind of you. I’ll try harder.
A. Nice to meet you B. Bad luck C. Let me help you with your English D. English is most widely used in the world E. What’s wrong with you |
参考答案
I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。
1. Why don’t you 2. little milk 3. practicing playing basketball 4. spend on/pay for
5. How long 6. have to; learn more 7. Shall; go to see a movie 8. also bring
9. seems to go faster 10. listens carefully; offers
II. 句型转换，每空一词。
1. It takes 2. Which 3. Diving/Swimming is a little more difficult than swimming/diving.
4. any other 5. How long does; have to
III. 补全对话。
1. A 2. E 3. B 4. D 5. C
