高中英语UNIT4Scientistswhochangedtheworld突破语法大冲关学案译林版必修第三册

UNIT 4 Scientists who changed the world

动词­ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语

[观察例句]

①We should drink boiled water. 前置定语

②A water and soil conservation project set up in 1989 resulted in farmers replacing their crops with trees or grass.              后置定语

③Seen from the moon，the earth，with water covering about 70% of its surface，appears to be a blue ball.              时间状语

④Frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night，the girl did not dare to sleep alone in her room.              原因状语

⑤Given another chance，he will do it better. 条件状语

⑥ The boy sat at the table buried in his homework. 伴随状语

⑦We need to get the machine repaired at once as we want to use it in our experiment tomorrow.              宾语补足语

⑧ With all the work done，we went to play basketball.

宾语补足语

[归纳用法]

一、作定语

及物动词的­ed形式通常表示被动和完成意义；不及物动词的­ed形式仅仅表示完成。

1．前置定语：单个的动词的­ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。

He is a respected teacher in our school.

在我们学校他是一位受尊敬的老师。

2．后置定语：动词的­ed形式短语作定语通常要置于被修饰的名词之后。

This is a letter written in blue ink.

这是一封用蓝墨水写的信。

[名师点津]　

(1)如果被修饰词是由some/any/no＋thing/body/one构成的不定代词或指示代词those等时，即使是单个的动词的­ed形式作定语，也要放在被修饰词之后。

There is little time left，let's hurry up.

剩余时间不多了，我们抓紧吧。

(2)有时为了强调还可将单个的动词的­ed形式置于被修饰的名词之后。

They decided to change the material used.

他们决定改变所用的材料。

(3)有些过去分词作定语，前置和后置的意义不同。

They decided to buy a used car.

他们决定买一辆二手车。

(4)动词的­ed形式及其短语作定语时，一般均可以转换为一个定语从句。

The experience gained(＝which/that has been gained) will be of great value to us.

获得的经验将对我们很有价值。

The suggestion sent to the committee(＝which/that had been sent to the committee) was adopted.

呈送给委员会的建议被采纳了。

[即学即练1]　单句语法填空

①Because of pollution，the caught(catch) fish were not fit to eat.

②Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time spent(spend) with his students.

③The book, written(write) by Lu Xun，is popular with many Chinese people.

④Do you remember the problems discussed(discuss)at the last meeting?

二、作状语

动词­ed形式作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，与主语是被动关系。动词­ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件等，有时可带有连词。

1．作时间状语

When offered help，one often says“Thank you”or“It's kind of you”．

当被提供帮助时，人们常说“谢谢你”或“你真好”。

2．作原因状语

Praised in class，Anne felt happy.

在课堂上受到了表扬，安妮感到高兴。

3．作条件状语

If taken according to the directions，the drug has no side effects.

如果按照说明服用，这种药没有副作用。

4．作伴随状语

The teacher came into the lab，followed by some students.

老师进了实验室，后面跟着一些学生。

5．作让步状语

Laughed at by many people，he still continued his own study.

尽管被很多人嘲笑，他依然坚持自己的研究。

[名师点津]　动词­ed形式作时间、原因和条件状语时均可以转换成相应的状语从句。

[即学即练2]　单句语法填空

①Raised(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to become a football star.

②Approached(approach)in this way，your friendship will soon be repaired.

③The lady returned home, followed(follow) by Holmes.

三、作宾语补足语

作宾补的多是及物动词的­ed形式，说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语。

1．以下两类动词后可接动词的­ed形式作宾补：

(1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see，watch，observe，find，hear，feel，notice，think等。

①I heard the song sung in English.

我曾听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。

②He found his purse lost.

他发现他的钱包丢了。

(2)表示“致使或希望”意义的动词。如：have，make，get，keep，want，wish等。

③I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.

明天我要理发。

④He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.

他昨天把牙拔了。

2．动词的­ed形式作宾补表示的意义。

(1)表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作。如例句②，lost表示的动作显然先于谓语动词found。

(2)表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。如例句③及④中cut my hair和pull out his tooth是动宾关系。

(3)表示动作已完成或宾语的状态和性质。

⑤He found almost all the leaves fallen onto the ground.

他发现几乎所有的叶子都落在了地面上。

例⑤中fallen表示树叶已落地，动作已完成。

⑥The terrible scene made people frightened of swimming in the sea.

那可怕的场面使得人们不敢在海里游泳了。

例句⑥中frightened表示宾语people的心理状态。

[名师点津]　1.使役动词have接动词的­ed形式作宾补，还有两种情况：

(1)动词的­ed形式所表示的动作由他人完成。

He had his money stolen.

他的钱被偷了。(被别人偷去了)

(2)动词的­ed形式表示句子主语的经历。

He had his leg broken.

他的腿断了。(句子主语的经历)

2．在with/without复合结构中也可用动词的­ed形式作宾补。

With this sum added，we will have enough money for the trip.

如果加上这笔金额，我们这次旅行的钱就够了。

[即学即练3]　完成句子

①村民们那时种了很多树。

The villagers had many trees planted then.

②无论多累，我必须把这份工作干完。

However tired I am，I must get the work finished．

③她依然不能用英语表达出自己的意思。

She still couldn't make herself understood in English.

④她看见小偷被警察抓住了。

She saw the thief caught by policemen.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．The man stood outside the house silently, moved(move) to tears.

2．Caught(catch) in a heavy rain，the new manager missed the important meeting.

3．Attracted(attract) by a particular article in a magazine，she bought it.

4．The speaker asked them to find the balloons that had their names written(write) on within five minutes.

5．He felt his collar pulled (pull)by someone from behind.

6．Founded(found)on love and mutual respect，their marriage is a happy one.

7．It is a large city surrounded(surround) by mountains and the climate is nice.

8．Influenced(influence)mainly by Joy，most of Riley's memories are happy ones.

9．These interests were increased with more time spent(spend) in the deserts of Arizona.

10．Prevented(prevent) from playing her role in Riley's emotional development，Alice feels annoyed.

Ⅱ.短文语法填空

Tony：If my pet dies，I won't clone it.Even if the 1.cloned (clone) pet looks the same as the original one，it won't behave in the same way.Besides，it won't remember me.I think cloning 2.done(do) by scientists is dangerous.The problems 3.created(create) by cloning will soon become clear.I think we should be cautious and use good judgment when 4.making(make) decisions about cloning.We won't want beasts 5.produced(produce) by scientists to replace us one day.

Brian：I think cloning pets is a great idea.I feel so 6.excited (excite)．Families with pets often become 7.disappointed (disappoint) when their pets die.With cloning，if your pet dies，you can have a new one that looks the same as the original pet.The technology 8.used (use) is amazing.The only thing 9.needed(need) is a cell from your old pet.We will help you clone your pet！Though it costs some money，you will be 10.delighted (delight) to be with her again.