高中人教版 (2019)Unit 3 Food and Culture学案设计

Unit 3 Food and Culture Learning About Language

过去完成时和过去完成时的被动语态

Dialogue 1:

Dialogue 2:

观察对话中黑体部分的时态和语态并类比填空。

(1)He had already been(be) to Shanghai earlier this week.

(2)I left the shop after I had bought(buy) what I wanted.  

(3)The task had been finished(finish) before 12: 00 yesterday.  

一、过去完成时的概念

过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前发生的动作或状态, 句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导时间状语。过去完成时除了强调动作发生在过去之外, 还常用于间接引语和虚拟语气的句子中。例如:

*We had built five new buildings by the end of last year.

到去年年底, 我们已经建了五座新大楼。

*The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came.

老师来之前教室还没有打扫过。

*The researchers said at least 4% of the population in those countries had been infected.

研究人员表示, 那些国家至少有4%的人口被感染。

*The letter was passed from one to another until everyone had read it. 这封信从一个人传到另一个人, 直到每个人都看完。

*Helen said(that)she had moved to another flat.

海伦说她已经搬到另一套公寓去了。

*If only we had listened to their advice!

要是我们听了他们的建议就好了!

过去完成时的标志词和句型

　　by+过去时间点, before, until, hardly/scarcely. . . when. . . ; no sooner. . . than; It was the first/second. . .  time that. . . (从句用过去完成时)

二、过去完成时的构成

1. 肯定句: 主语 + had + 过去分词+其他.

2. 否定句: 主语 + had + not + 过去分词+其他.

3. 疑问句: Had + 主语 + 过去分词+其他?

疑问代词/疑问副词 + had + 主语 + 过去分词+其他?

*The Union sent letters to the embassy to cheer on the Chinese people who had fought against the epidemic.

工会致函大使馆, 为抗击疫情的中国人民加油。

*The country had not yet recovered from the effects of the war. 这个国家还没有从战争的影响中恢复过来。

*How many new words had you learned before the foreign teacher came to your school?

在外教来你们学校之前, 你们学了多少新单词?

三、过去完成时的被动语态的形式

1. 肯定句: 主语+ had been done +其他成分.

2. 否定句: 主语+ had not been done +其他成分.

3. 疑问句: Had +主语+ been done +其他成分?

疑问词+ had +主语+ been done +其他成分?

*By the time he got to the school,  the first period had been finished. 当他到达学校时, 第一节课已经结束了。

*The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in. 那个男孩被提醒他的家庭作业还没有交。

*How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended? 当飓风结束时, 有多少建筑物被摧毁了?

(1)过去完成时指发生在过去之前, 也就是过去的过去的动作。用过去完成时必须有一个表过去的时间作对比。例如:

After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.

他写完作业以后才去睡觉。

(2)如果两个动作紧接着发生, 则常常不用过去完成时, 特别是在包含before和after的复合句中, 因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确, 可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。例如: After he arrived in England,  Marx worked hard to improve his English. 到达英国后, 马克思努力提高他的英语水平。

用正确的时态和语态填空

(1)(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)One morning she told her children about a family she had visited (visit) the day before.  

(2)It was supposed that he had had (have)a sudden attack of faintness.  

(3)All the fine ladies and gentlemen of the countryside had been invited(invite)before the party began.  

(4)It was the first time she had ever spoken (speak) before such a big audience.

(5)Police asked passers-by if they had seen(see) the accident happen.  

(6)Nothing could have saved him even if he had been tended(tend) without delay.  

　　根据语境和所给词汇, 用本单元所学的时态填空

　　Our school was built in 1902. When I studied there,  it 1. had been (be)famous throughout the country. By 1978,  the school’s use 2. had changed (change) several times. By the end of last century,  our school 3. had become (become) a provincial model high school. When I graduated,  our school 4. had won (win) many honors both at home and abroad. Before last year’s anniversary of the founding of our school,  all the school buildings 5. had been rebuilt (rebuild) and it is now larger and more beautiful than before.