2022届高考英语时文阅读理解专项训练 3

这是一份2022届高考英语时文阅读理解专项训练 3，共13页。试卷主要包含了 C 推理判断题， B 词义猜测题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
★(一)时文摘要从加拿大西部到墨西哥北部各州，养牛的农民正在赔钱。因为持续的干旱，他们很难为他们饲养的动物获取足够的食物，导致一些农场主不得不减少牛群数量。阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案.    Farmers who raise cattle are losing money in areas from western Canada to the states of northern Mexico. They are having trouble finding enough food for their animals because of very dry conditions known as drought. Some farmers are buying feed for their animals from other parts of North America, but it is too costly for others. Dianne Riding raises cattle in Lake Francis, Manitoba. She is a rancher(牧场主). She said that she recently had to sell 51 of her cattle, about 40 percent of the herd. Some of the cattle were young females who were supposed to give birth to many babies in the future. She said selling the young cows was “gut-wrenching”, or sad. She may get money now for selling the cattle, but her earnings will not be as high in years to come. “That’s your future,” she said about the young cows. Other ranchers and cattle experts said if people like Riding keep selling their animals, the supply of beef will go down and the cost of meat in North America will go up. The drought is affecting areas throughout western North America. Fields where cows eat grass are dry. Fruit is not growing well in Washington. And California is suffering its worst wildfire season. Climate scientists say global warming will make droughts happen more often. But some farmers think the current drought is part of a cycle that will end sometime soon. Even Riding, who had to sell her cows, thinks the drought will soon ease. Gloria Montano Green works for the U.S. Department of Agriculture. She said there is a clear link between the drought and climate change. “We’re seeing climate change,” she said. With dry fields, some farmers in western Canada brought in food for their cattle from Prince Edward Island, which is over 3,000 kilometers to the east. Brian Perillat works for CanFax, a company that follows the market for cattle in Canada. He said in a normal year, ranchers cull about 10 percent of their older animals. But because of the drought, they will probably cull two or three times more than that. His company has no record of such big reductions in herds in one year going back to 1970.1 . What is happening in North America indicates that______.A   .  many animals are suffering hunger in the wildB  .   farmers’ activities seem to depend on the weatherC  .   stock farming is severely impacted by the dry climateD  .   the long lasting drought is spreading across the countries2 . What option did the present situation force Dianne Riding to take?A  .   Keeping more young females to have more babies.B  .   Reducing the number of her cattle on the farm.C  .   Purchasing more feed from other areas for her cattle.D   .  Exchanging young cows with others for cattle food.3 . What is implied in the third paragraph？A  .  The droughts will happen more often with the increase of cattle.B  .   To some farmers, droughts are not a threat to them but a chance.C  .   Climate change is doomed to bring in the poor living conditions.D  .   The drought affects not only the beef supply but also fruit supply.4 . Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “cull” ?A   .  Select.B  .   Slaughter.C  .   Maintain.D .    Improve. ★(二)时文摘要据报道，来自美国缅因州的弗吉尼亚·奥利弗（Virginia Oliver）已经101岁了，她是当地年龄最大的捕龙虾者之一。虽然，对大多数人来说，挨到五六十岁退休已经是极限，但这位老太太仍然坚守岗位，每年5月至11月期间，她会带着78岁的儿子马克斯（Max）每周出海三次。阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案.    Virginia Oliver has been trapping lobsters(龙虾) in the northeastern American state of Maine for more than 90 years. And even at 101 years old, she says she has no plans to stop. Oliver recently said she started catching lobsters at age eight. At that time, the electronic traffic signal was a recent invention and few women were harvesting lobsters. Oliver still goes out to set traps off Rockland, Maine, with her 78-year-old son Max. She uses a boat that once belonged to her late husband. The boat, called “Virginia”, was named after her. Oliver is now the oldest lobster fisher in the state and possibly in the world. “I’ve done it all my life, so I might as well keep doing it,” she said. Oliver said she worries about the health of Maine’s lobster population. She said the lobsters have been facing heavy fishing pressure in recent years. The lobster industry has changed over Oliver’s many years on the water. For example, the sea creatures have grown from a working class food to a tasty delicacy(美味佳肴). When she first started trapping, lobsters sold for 28 cents a pound. Now, they bring in 15 times that. Wire traps have replaced her beloved wooden ones, which these days are mainly used as decorations in seafood restaurants. Other parts of the business have remained much the same over the years. She still loads up pogeys—a term used in the industry for menhaden(油鲱) fish— to put inside the traps to lure lobsters in. And, she still gets up before the sun rises to get an early start on the boat. In some ways, she was destined(注定的) for this life. Her father was a lobster dealer who started around the 1900s. She joined her father on trips and that is when Oliver’s love of the business began. After all these years, Oliver still gets excited about a lobster dinner of her own and said she usually prepares one for herself about once a week. When asked whether she sometimes considers ending her work, Oliver said she just does not see any good reasons to do so. “I like doing it, I like being along the water,” she said. “And so I’m going to keep on doing it just as long as I can.”1 . Which of the following best describes Virginia Oliver?A   .  She named a boat as “Virginia” after her husband.B  .   She regards trapping lobsters as her leisure hobby.C  .   She were once afraid of harvesting lobsters on the sea.D   .  She will never give up trapping lobsters till the end of life.2 . What can we learn from the second paragraph?A   .  Local lobsters have been over-fished in recent years.B  .   Nowadays only working class afford to eat lobsters.C  .   Maine’s lobsters are not healthy for people to eat.D .    Oliver has set a world’s record of being the oldest lobster fisher.3 . Which of the following is NOT changeable for Oliver?A   .  The price of lobsters.B   .  The bait in the traps.C   .  The material of the traps.D  .   The decorations in seafood restaurants.4 . What can we infer from the last paragraph?A   .  Trapping lobsters can make a person strong and healthy.B   .  Oliver has given up other hobbies in order to catch lobsters.C   .  Oliver always keeps healthy as she eats lobsters every week.D  .   Oliver’s love for trapping lobsters came from her father’s influence. ★(三)时文摘要阿尔斯通前高管皮耶鲁奇说：“我没有孟女士那么幸运，我的公司并没有向我提供那么强大的支持，我的祖国也没有给我提供强大的支持。从孟晚舟事件中我观察到，整个华为公司从头到尾都在支持她。同时在外交领域，中国也为达成这项协议付出了很大努力。”阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案.   The release of Huawei Technologies Chief Financial Officer Meng Wanzhou is a great victory for China, said a French former business leader, as it was “really the first time” that a country stood up to the “long-arm jurisdiction(长臂管辖) of the United States” in such a way. Meng was arrested by Canadian authorities at the request of the US at Vancouver International Airport on Dec 1, 2018. She was accused of misrepresenting the Chinese telecom company’s relationship with Skycom in a PowerPoint presentation to HSBC in 2013 and putting the bank at risk of violating US sanctions against Iran. Meng and Huawei always denied the accusations. Through the unremitting efforts of the Chinese government, Meng finally returned to her home country safely after almost three years under house arrest in Vancouver. Meng, 49, arrived at Shenzhen Bao’an International Airport on Saturday night, where she expressed gratitude to the Chinese government for securing her safe return. The high-profile arrest of Meng has stirred a debate over punitive(惩罚性的) measures taken by the US against foreign businesses and individuals. “In fact, in all Foreign Corrupt Practices Act cases, I have never seen such a thing,” Pierucci said in an interview with the China Global Television Network, referring to Meng’s case. “It shows that (the) negotiation has been very, very tough, and that the Department of Justice has really bent a lot to accommodate this kind of an agreement,” he said. Frederic Pierucci, a former executive of energy and transport group Alstom, had his own experience of being accused by the US. He was arrested by US authorities at New York’s John F. Kennedy International Airport during a routine business trip in 2013. Pierucci was detained(拘留) on foreign bribery(贿赂) charges for five years, saying that he was held as an “economic hostage”. Alstom eventually paid a massive fine and was forced to sell its core business to US rival General Electric. Pierucci, who gave a first-hand account of Washington’s cracking down on Alstom in the name of fighting corruption in his book The American Trap, said he was not as lucky as Meng. “I didn’t have the chance to have my company support me like she had. I realized that I was really alone, and that if I wanted to avoid spending 15 years in prisons in the US, I had to make the choices that I made. So this is a huge difference,” Pierucci said.1 . What directly led to Meng’s arrest by Canada?A   .  The “long-arm jurisdiction of the US”.B   .  The request of America.C   .  Her misrepresenting in 2013.D .    Her violation of US sanctions against Iran.2 . The word “unremitting” (Para. 3) is closest in meaning to_______.A  .   conservativeB   .  occasionalC  .   constantD.     ineffective3 . What debate does the arrest of Meng give rise to?A   .  One of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act cases mentioned by Pierucci.B   .  The unhappy compromise taken by the Department of Justice.C     The very, very tough negotiation to accommodate an agreement.D    . The US’s punitive measures against foreign businesses and individuals.4 . What happened to Pierucci according to the last two paragraphs?A   .  He was once arrested by Canadian authorities.B  .   He was accused of foreign bribery.C   .  He spent 15 years in prisons in the United States.D  .   He had as much support as Meng from his company. ★(四)时文摘要iPhone 13并没有带来大量的新功能，但它确实有几个方面在iPhone 12的基础上有了改进——主要是电池寿命、电源、显示和摄像头——使它成为我们所见过的苹果最令人印象深刻的全能手机之一。阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案.   The iPhone 13 doesn’t bring with it a huge number of new features, but it does improve on the iPhone 12 in several areas—chiefly battery life, power, display and cameras—to make this one of the most impressive all-round handsets we’ve seen from Apple. On paper, you’d be hard pressed to find a reason why Apple didn’t call this phone the iPhone 12S. The design is largely the same, the specs don’t look hugely different, and there aren’t many remarkable new features. However, everything on the iPhone 13 is a touch better than before—and some elements are significantly better. The highlight of the iPhone 13 is its battery life. Previously, iPhones haven’t been synonymous with strong battery life, but during every day of our testing we’ve been hard pressed to run the iPhone 13 out of juice. Apple has finally cracked it(突破瓶颈) when it comes to battery life, and it’s now far better than it has been on previous iPhone iterations. The iPhone 13’s new A15 Bionic chipset, meanwhile, is incredibly powerful, and paired with 4GB of RAM it’s capable of running multiple apps and tasks quickly and efficiently. A new duo camera for the iPhone 13 improves clarity in images, while the introduction of the company’s Sensor Shift optical image stabilization (OIS) technology, previously only available on Apple’s Pro Max handsets, is a big deal for those who want to shoot quickly without losing their subject in a blur. Even the screen on the iPhone 13 is a touch better than what we’ve seen on previous “standard” iPhones, and that’s a big deal if you’re upgrading from an iPhone XS or older. The OLED technology here enables a brighter picture than ever, and the picture quality is simply fantastic. One disappointment, however, is that Apple hasn’t included a 120Hz refresh rate on the iPhone 13, so you’re not getting as smooth an experience as on the iPhone 13 Pro or iPhone 13 Pro Max. While at first glance the iPhone 13 may not seem like a great leap forward for Apple, the improved battery life, performance, screen and camera all add up to be a worthwhile upgrade for anyone who’s coming from an older iPhone, or looking to make the switch from Android.1 . What can we learn about the iPhone 12 and the iPhone 13?A  .   We are incapable of seeing any new features on the iPhone 13.B   .  There are improvements in battery life and apps on the iPhone 13.C  .   It’s effortless to know why the iPhone 13 isn’t called the iPhone 12S.D  .   The iPhone 13 and the iPhone 12 look quite alike.2 . What does the underlined part “out of juice” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A   .  Full of energy.B   .  Out of order.C  .   Out of power.D  .   Filled with electricity.3 . What makes the iPhone 13’s camera impressive?A    . The A15 Bionic chipset.B   .  The new duo camera.C  .   The clarity in images.D   .  The OIS technology.4 . Which of the following iPhone can provide us with the greatest screen experience?A   .  The iPhone 13.B   .  The iPhone 13 Pro.C  .   The iPhone XSD   .  The iPhone 12. ★(五)时文摘要最近，英国研究人员探索了机械手指如何影响人的钢琴弹奏能力。该实验包括在12名受试者的右手上安装一个机械手指。其中6人是钢琴手，其余6人则不是。阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案.  
  British researchers have explored how a robotic finger can affect a person’s ability to play the piano. The experiment involved attaching a robotic finger on the right hand of 12 test subjects. Six of the individuals were piano players. Six were not. The leader of the project was Professor Aldo Faisal, a neuroscientist(神经学家) at Britain’s Imperial College of London. Being a piano player himself, he said he wondered how his playing ability would be affected if he had an extra finger. “So I started really with a robotics challenge,” Faisal said. “Can we build a robotic thumb that can sit on the opposite side of the right hand and play music with it?” The robotic finger was controlled by electrical signals produced by the foot movements of the piano players. Faisal said the robotic finger felt very unnatural and was difficult for players to get used to at first. But after a few hours using the device, he said it almost felt like “an extension of you.” Faisal noted that within an hour of being fitted with the robotic finger, six players had learned to use it effectively with the piano keys. “There’s a dedicated area of your brain responsible for every single finger,” Faisal said. “If I give you an eleventh finger...are you processing it the same way as you’re processing a regular limb?” Researchers involved in the experiment reported that the six pianists and six non-playing volunteers all quickly adapted to using the extra thumb. They said this result suggests people are not limited to using an extra finger only for things they already know how to do. “The fact that you can actually play with eleven fingers...has to do with how your brain is actually wired up,” Faisal said. “So what we can say is it’s a proof of existence. We can do it. So the next challenge would be, can we do two thumbs, so 12 fingers?” He added, “It’s a very exciting moment in time now to see what we can do.”1 . What’s the purpose of the experiment according to the passage?A  .   To compare the finger habits of different people.B   .  To prove humans can play the piano with an extra finger.C  .   To explore if the extra finger will influence the piano player.D  .   To know the difference between the two groups using the robotic finger.2 . Which of the following about the robotic finger is TRUE?A   .  The players never felt natural with it at first.B .    It took the players a long time to get used to it.C .    The piano players’ foot movements controlled it.D  .   Half of the players failed to continue playing with it.3 . What does the result of the research mainly tell us?A   .  People are sometimes unable to deal with things they don’t know.B  .  The extra finger has a great influence on the player’s thinking.C    . Humans can recognize unknown fields according to the experience.D    . People probably can do many things with an extra robotic finger.4 . What will be most likely to happen to the researchers?A  .   They will turn to the researches on human’s brain.B  .   They will develop a new kind of robotic fingers.C  .   They will start to find the proof of existence.D   .  They will do another experiment involving two robotic fingers.           【答案解析】★(一) 1. C 推理判断题。根据第一段They are having trouble finding enough food for their animals because of very dry conditions known as drought.可知，由于干旱，农民们很难为他们的动物找到足够的食物。由此看出畜牧业受到气候的严重影响。故选C。2. B 细节理解题。根据第二段She said that she recently had to sell 51 of her cattle, about 40 percent of the herd.可知，戴安娜·瑞丁（Dianne Riding）最近不得不卖掉51头牛，约占牛群的40%。由此说明她减少了她农场里牛的数量。故选B。3. D 推理判断题。根据第三段和第四段可知, 全球变暖将使干旱发生得更频繁。干旱影响了整个北美西部地区，华盛顿的水果生长不好。如果牧场主们继续出售他们的牲畜，北美的牛肉供应将减少。由此推断全球变暖不仅影响牛肉供应，也影响水果供应。故选D。4. B 词义猜测题。根据最后一段His company has no record of such big reductions in herds in one year going back to 1970.可知，从1970年开始，他的公司还没有在一年内大量减少牛群的记录。由此猜测布莱恩·佩里拉特（Brian Perillat）所在的公司通过“屠宰”老牛的方式来减少牛群数量。故选B。★(二) 1. D 细节理解题。根据全文可知，来自美国缅因州的弗吉尼亚·奥利弗（Virginia Oliver）已经101岁，但她仍然无退休计划，每周坚持带着儿子出海捕龙虾。故选D。2. A 推理判断题。根据第二段She said the lobsters have been facing heavy fishing pressure in recent years.可知，近年来龙虾面临着巨大的捕捞压力，即当地龙虾被过度捕捞。BCD三个选项都是对奥利弗的话的误读。故选A。3. B 细节理解题。根据第三段Other parts of the business have remained much the same over the years. She still loads up pogeys—a term used in the industry for menhaden(油鲱) fish— to put inside the traps to lure lobsters in.可知, 不变的是奥利弗仍然在龙虾陷阱内装油鲱鱼来诱捕龙虾，即她捕龙虾的诱饵没变。故选B。4. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段Her father was a lobster dealer who started around the 1900s. She joined her father on trips and that is when Oliver’s love of the business began.可知，奥利弗的父亲是一位龙虾商人，大约在20世纪初开始。她和父亲一起出行，也就是奥利弗对这一行业的热爱开始的时候。由此说明奥利弗对捕捉龙虾的热爱来自她父亲的影响。故选D。 ★(三)1. B 细节理解题。题目问“孟被加拿大逮捕的直接原因”，根据第二段第一句可知，孟被加拿大逮捕是应美国的要求，A、C项不属于加拿大逮捕孟的直接原因，D项在原文中是“使这家银行面临违反美国对伊朗制裁的风险”，故选B。2. C 词义猜测题。根据unremitting定位到第三段第一句：经过中国政府的unremitting努力，孟在温哥华被软禁三年后终于安全返回祖国。结合选项可知，constant“不断的”更符合原文；conservative意为“保守的”，occasional意为“偶尔的”，ineffective意为“无效的”。故选Ｃ。3. D 细节理解题。根据debate定位到第四段，根据第一句可知孟晚舟事件引发了一场关于美国对外国企业和个人采取惩罚性措施的辩论，故选D。4. B 细节理解题。根据题目定位到最后两段，可知他是被美国当局逮捕的(was arrested by US authorities)，被指控海外行贿(foreign bribery charges)，他的公司没有像孟晚舟的公司那样支持他(I didn’t have the chance to have my company support me like she had)A、D项错误，B项符合原文；C项偷换概念，文中只提到“如果他想避免在美国监狱度过15年(if I wanted to avoid spending 15 years in prisons in the US)”。故选B。 ★(四)1. D 细节理解题。根据第一段：iPhone 13和iPhone 12的设计基本相同，规格看起来也没有太大不同，也没有太多引人注目的新功能，可知D正确。A项以偏概全，原文是“没有大量新功能”；B项中的apps属于无中生有，iPhone 13提升的方面没有软件应用（apps）；C项扭曲事实，原文是“很难找到理由”。故选D。2. C 词义猜测题。根据划线部分定位到第二段第二句：以前，苹果并不是电池续航能力强的代名词，但在我们每天的测试中，我们很难让苹果13“out of juice”；由but表转折可推测前后意思相反，即后部分表达的是苹果13电池续航能力提升，推测很难让苹果13“没电”。故选C。3. D 细节理解题。根据camera定位到第四段，根据a big deal可知光学防抖是让苹果13摄像出彩的重要方面，故选D。A项答非所问，题目是关于摄像不是关于芯片的；根据常识可知，苹果之前已经出过双摄，故双摄不足以让苹果13的相机出彩，B项不对；C项答非所问，拍照清晰只是双摄改进后的结果。故选D。4. B 细节理解题。根据screen定位到第五段，可知iPhone 13的屏幕比之前系列的iPhone更好，但iPhone 13没有iPhone 13 Pro和iPhone 13 Pro Max好，故选B。 ★(五)1. C 细节理解题。根据第一段British researchers have explored how a robotic finger can affect a person’s ability to play the piano.可知，英国研究人员探索了机械手指如何影响人的钢琴弹奏能力。故选C。2. A 细节理解题。根据第三段Faisal said the robotic finger felt very unnatural and was difficult for players to get used to at first.可知，机械手指感觉非常不自然，弹奏者一开始很难习惯。故选A。3. D 推理判断题。根据第五段They said this result suggests people are not limited to using an extra finger only for things they already know how to do.可知，这一结果表明，人们并不局限于只在已经知道如何做的事情上使用额外的一根手指。由此说明人们可能可以用一根多余的机械手指做很多事。故选D。4. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段 “...So the next challenge would be, can we do two thumbs, so 12 fingers?” He added, “It’s a very exciting moment in time now to see what we can do.” 可知，费萨尔表示，下一个挑战是他们可以做两个拇指，看看人们用12根手指弹钢琴的情况是怎样的。由此推断他们接下来可能会做涉及两根机器手指的试验，故选D。