2022届高考英语时文阅读理解专项训练 2（含答案解析）

这是一份2022届高考英语时文阅读理解专项训练 2（含答案解析），共13页。试卷主要包含了 A 细节理解题， B 细节理解题， A 观点态度题， A 推理判断题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
★(一)时文摘要当地时间10月28日，脸书（Facebook）首席执行官马克·扎克伯格在Facebook Connect大会上宣布，Facebook将更名为“Meta”，反映了该社交媒体公司进军“元宇宙”（metaverse）的野心。阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案.    As he renames Facebook as Meta, Mark Zuckerberg is placing a bold bet on his vision of the future: a techno-utopia(技术乌托邦) where people are connected and live in a virtual universe. The word ‘metaverse’ was originally used in Neal Stephenson’s science fiction book Snow Crash from 1992, where human beings interacted with software in a three-dimensional virtual environment. This is slightly different from ‘cyberspace’, which fictionally is an all-encompassing(包罗万象的) space compared to the metaverse, which allows people to be aware of their physical environments while interacting with it—similar to the difference between AR (digital objects overlayed<叠加> on the real world) and VR (interacting solely with digital objects). Facebook is not the only tech giant to stake its claim to the metaverse. Apple, in particular, is also thought to be working on AR and VR devices. But for Zuckerberg, a failure to be at the heart of the world’s move to smartphones has motivated him to be at the forefront of what he thinks will be the next big shift. Critics have complained that the move is a timely attempt by Zuckerberg to distance Facebook from its latest wave of scandals(丑闻), after whistleblower(告密者) Frances Haugen leaked troves of internal documents to regulators and journalists, highlighting its struggle to self-regulate. But in interviews, Zuckerberg said the shift had been carefully planned, for at least six months, and was not an attempt to move away from what critics claim is an increasingly toxic(有毒的) brand. If Zuckerberg’s grand plans are successful, the potential gains are not simply billions of dollars in advertising revenue, but also a flourishing online shopping business. He has said he intends to support an alternate digital economy—where users can buy digital items, such as art or clothes, to take with them as they teleport from space to space—as non-fungible tokens(非同质代币) increasingly gain in popularity. Inevitably, cryptocurrencies(加密数字货币) and NFTs would play a role in this shared world, he confirmed on Thursday. But getting there will be filled with challenges.1 . What can we know about the word ‘metaverse’?A  .   It was invented by the author of Snow Crash.B   .  It is fictionally an all-encompassing space.C    . Its meaning is the same as AR.D   .  It has the same meaning with VR.2 . What stimulated Zuckerberg to march into the metaverse?A  .   Apple’s action on AR and VR devices.B.     The failure to become the core of smartphone world.C .    The lack of success in moving to smartphone business.D .    His idea of the next big shift to the whole world.3 . How do critics think of Zuckerberg’s action?A   .  It’s to draw a line with the latest scandals.B   .  It’s to reveal internal documents to journalists.C   .  It’s to emphasize its struggle to self-regulate.D  .   It’s to give up all of Zuckerberg’s toxic brand.4 . What can we infer from the last paragraph?A  .   Zuckerberg will win more than money if succeed.B  .   Zuckerberg intends to support art or clothes business.C   .  Tokens become more and more welcome nowadays.D  .   Cryptocurrencies plays a crucial part in our present life. ★(二)时文摘要最近，芬兰VTT技术研究中心宣布，通过细胞培养成功生产出人造咖啡，味道、气味等与天然咖啡基本相似。每年咖啡豆的种植导致大量森林被砍伐，咖啡生产产生大量废水污染环境。这项技术能够产生良好的环境效益。阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案.    Finnish researchers say they have produced coffee in a laboratory that smells and tastes very similar to the real thing. The team reports that lab-grown coffee could be important as climate change continues to threaten traditional coffee farming. Scientists at Finland’s VTT Technical Research Center created cell cultures(培养物) from the leaves of coffee plants. The process involves floating the cell cultures in bioreactors(生物反应器) filled with nutrients. The same method is used to make other kinds of animal- and plant-based products. Heikki Aisala is a VTT researcher who oversaw the process. Aisala said that cups of the cellular(细胞的) coffee probably would not pass taste tests comparing it to traditional coffee. “Not like, of course, 100 percent. It tastes like a combination of different types of coffees,” Aisala said. The researcher added that while the cellular coffee is not ready for the market just yet, “it certainly does resemble coffee at the moment.” Aisala added it is possible that the lab-grown version could one day develop into a multi-billion-dollar industry. VTT Research team leader Heiko Rischer said cell cultures offer a more sustainable way to make coffee. This is because coffee is in high demand. This has led to countries opening up more land to grow coffee beans, which causes increased deforestation(滥伐森林). Rischer said the environmental benefits of lab-grown coffee include reduced use of pesticides(农药) and fertilizer and less need to ship coffee beans long distances to markets. In Europe, lab-grown coffee would need to be approved before it could be marketed. But an important question remains: Will coffee lovers actually drink the lab-grown creation? A Reuters reporter put that question to Satu, a server in a Helsinki coffee shop. “I think someday we’re going that way because all the natural coffee sources are disappearing,” she said. “So, we have to move along... if it tastes good and the aroma(香味) is coffee based, so why not? I think it’s possible.”1 . What can we know from Paragraphs 1 and 2?A  .   There’s no difference between lab-grown coffee and traditional coffee.B  .   Researchers think lab-grown coffee is beneficial to people’s health.C .    Traditional coffee farming are being affected by the climate change.D  .   The new method can be only used to grow lab-grown coffee.2 . Compared to traditional coffee, the lab-grown coffee_____.A  .   has a lower cost and more productionB  .   hardly meets people’s taste needC  .   can’t be accepted because of its looksD .    is unable to be produced in a large scale3 . Cell cultures provide a better way to make coffee because_____.A  .   it doesn’t need pesticides and fertilizerB .    it’s extremely friendly to the environmentC.     it will increase the forest coverageD .    it reduces the fuel consumption of ships4 . Reseachers seem doubtful whether_____.A.     the taste of the lab-grown coffee can be improvedB   .  the lab-grown coffee will be approved in EuropeC   .  the customers will accept the lab-grown coffeeD   .  natural coffee sources will disappear in the future ★(三)时文摘要据报道，台湾省高雄市盐埕区“城中城大楼”14日凌晨发生火灾，造成重大伤亡。据台媒最新报道，经过13小时灭火、抢救，现场搜寻工作已告一段落。高雄消防局介绍，火灾已造成46人死亡、41人受伤。阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案.    A nighttime building fire in southern Taiwan Province that took hours to bring under control killed 46 people on Thursday. Officials in the city of Kaohsiung said at least 41 people were injured. The fire started early Thursday morning local time. A statement by the fire department described it as “extremely fierce.” Flames and smoke poured from the lower floors as firefighters tried to control the fire. The number of dead rose during the day as rescue workers searched the building which combined businesses and homes. By late afternoon, officials confirmed 32 people had died, while 14 people, who showed no signs of life, were among 55 taken to the hospital. In Taiwan, official confirmation of a death is made at the hospital. Firefighters could be seen spraying water into the middle floors of the 13-floor building. One woman, who was not identified, said on Taiwanese television that her 60-to-70 year old parents were still inside as rescue efforts continued. Taiwan’s Central News Agency reported that officials said the building’s age and waste blocking many areas made search and rescue efforts more difficult. Many of the people living in the 40-year-old building were retired and lived alone in apartments as small as 13 square meters, local media reported. The building had 120 living spaces on the upper floors. It also had a closed movie theater, disused restaurants and karaoke businesses below them, the Central News Agency said. Mayor Chen Chi-mai said the building was partly abandoned. The United Daily News, a major newspaper, said fire extinguishers(灭火器) had been put in place last month. But there were only three on each floor because the residents could not pay for more. The fire appeared to have started on the ground floor. Investigators were examining a first-floor tea shop whose owner reportedly fought with his girlfriend the day before. They had not ruled out that the fire may have been set on purpose, The United Daily News reported.1 . From the passage, we can know that_____.A   .  the fire made lots of firemen in troubleB   .  all the victims have been properly relocatedC  .   the accident caused many injuries and deathsD  .   the local hospital has organized blood donations2 . Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?A .    No signs of life were found when rescuers came.B .    The exact number of victims could not be confirmed.C.     There are hidden dangers in the building itself.D .    The building is used for business and residential purposes.3 . What probably caused the firefighters’ work to be blocked?A .    The waste in the building.B  .   Narrow rescue space.C  .   Too many retired old people.D   .  The TV station’s live broadcasting.4 . Which question’s answer will help detect the fire case?A .    Why was the building partly abandoned?B  .   How do the residents live in the small apartments?C   .  Why weren’t there enough fire extinguishers in the building?D    . What happened to those on the ground floor that morning? ★(四)时文摘要韩国研究人员表示，受自然生物学的启发，他们研发出了一种人造皮肤材料，可以像变色龙一样快速调整颜色，以适应周围环境。这项研究成果发表在8月份的《自然通讯》(Nature Communications)杂志上。阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案.   South Korean researchers say they have developed a skin-like material that behaves like the skin of a chameleon(变色龙). It can change colors to look like its surroundings. The team was led by Ko Seung-hwan, a mechanical engineering professor at Seoul National University. The team created the skin with a special liquid that turns colors in different temperatures. These changes are controlled by flexible heaters made of very small wires. If you are in a desert, and you wear forest-colored clothing, you can easily be seen, Ko said. Changing colors and forms actively with your surroundings is central to the technology, Ko said. The technology uses something called thermochromic liquid crystal and silver nanowire heaters. Thermochromic means heat causes the colors to change. Nanowires are just like normal electrical wires, but they are extremely small. Ko and the team demonstrated this technology using a chameleon-shaped robot with color-seeking sensors(传感器). The skin tried to copy whatever colors the sensors “saw” around it. In a video, the robot walked on red, blue and green floors. It immediately changed color to look like its surroundings. Ko explained how the material works. When the sensors find color information, they move that information to a very small processor. Then, the information goes to silver nanowire heaters. When the heaters reach a specified temperature, the thermochromic liquid crystal changes its color. Though the skin is made of many layers(层), its total thickness is less than a hundred micrometers. In other words, it is thinner than a human hair. By adding more silver nanowire layers in simple shapes like lines or squares, the skin can create complex designs. “The flexible skin can be developed as a wearable device and used for fashion,” Ko said. It can also be used in military clothing and to create designs on the outside of cars and buildings, he said.The team’s research was published in the journal Nature Communications in August.1 . The colour-change of skin relies on_____according to the passage.A    . the surroundingsB    . different temperaturesC  .   flexible heatersD  .   the special liquid2 . Which of the following is TRUE about the new technology above?A .    It can be widely used in the battlefield.B   .  The surroundings may influence the use of it.C   .  Its application involves the use of the new material.D  .   The key to it is the speed of changing colors and forms.3 . Which of the following is the right order? a. The skin with a special liquid changes its colour. b. The color information is found by the sensors. c. The processor deals with the information. d. The silver nanowire heaters get the information.A  .   a-b-c-dB  .   a-c-d-bC .    c-b-d-aD .    b-c-d-a4 . What can we infer from the passage?A  .   The research results will be put into production soon.B .    The new technology has a wide range of application prospects.C .    Designers can choose thicker layers to better their designs.D .    Technological innovation is the driving force of social progress. ★(五)时文摘要 2021年诺贝尔文学奖在瑞典揭晓，坦桑尼亚小说家阿卜杜勒拉萨克·古纳（Abdulrazak Gurnah）获奖，“因为他对殖民主义的影响，以及在文化和大陆的鸿沟中，对难民命运的毫不妥协的富有同情心的洞察”。阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案.    Tanzanian novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah, 72, won the 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature for his writing on the “effects of colonialism（殖民主义） and the fate of the refugee”, the award-giving body said on Thursday. Born in 1948 on the island of Zanzibar, now part of Tanzania, Gurnah moved to Britain as a young refugee in 1968. He fled following the country’s liberation from British rule because then-President Abeid Karume’s regime(政权) mistreated Gurnah’s Arab Muslim community. Gurnah is the first African writer to win the award since the Zimbabwean Doris Lessing in 2007. Among the winners, he is only the second writer of color from sub-Saharan Africa, after Nigeria’s Wole Soyinka, who won in 1986. Gurnah is the author of 10 novels, including Memory of Departure, and Pilgrims Way. His novel Paradise is set in colonial East Africa during the First World War. Many of his works explore what he has called “one of the stories of our times”, the deep influence of migration both on people and the places where they make their new homes. Gurnah recently retired as a professor of post-colonial literature at the University of Kent. He got the call from the Swedish Academy in his home in southeast England. “I think it’s just brilliant and wonderful,” Gurnah said when asked how he felt to win the prize. “It’s just great—it’s just a big prize, and such a huge list of wonderful writers. I am still taking it in,” he said. He has said he “stumbled into” writing after arriving in England as a way of exploring the emigrant experience—both the loss and liberation. Gurnah’s native language is Swahili, but he writes in English. He is only the sixth Africa-born writer to be awarded the Nobel for literature. 1 . Abdulrazak Gurnah’s works _______.A   .  are popular among the people in TanzaniaB  .   are profound and have become a part of his lifeC   . are involved with colonialism and lives of refugeesD   .  brought him wealth and motivation to continue writing2 . Why did Gurnah leave his hometown for the UK?A  .   Because he looked forward to the life in Britain.B   .  Because he wanted to engage in literary creation.C   .  Because he sought the country’s freedom and liberation.D  .   Because his community were badly treated by then-regime.3 . What can we learn from the passage?A  .   With his outstanding literary talent, Gurnah wrote 10 novels.B   .  Many of Gurnah’s works are carved with the print of the times.C   .  Gurnah was as famous as Doris Lessing in the literature in the past.D  .   Wole Soyinka gave Gurnah some inspiration in literary creation.4 . What’s Gurnah’s attitude towards being a winner of the Nobel Prize?A .   Contented.B  .   Confident.C  .   Calm.D  .   Sensible.                  【答案解析】★(一) 1. A 细节理解题。根据‘metaverse’定位到第二和第三段，可知1992年尼尔·斯蒂芬森(Neal Stephenson)在他的科幻小说《雪崩》(Snow Crash)中首次使用metaverse，即尼尔创造了metaverse这一词；B选项是对cyberspace的描述；C和D项中的AR和VR是作者举例的另外两个概念，用以说明metaverse和cyberspace之间的细微差别。故选A。2. B 细节理解题。根据stimulated定位到第四段最后一句，对扎克伯格来说，未能成为世界向智能手机转移的核心，激励了他站在他认为即将是下一个重大转变(即the metaverse)的前沿，故选B。3. A 观点态度题。根据critics定位到第五段，批评人士称此举是扎克伯格试图及时将Facebook与最新一波丑闻划清界限的举动，故选A。4. A 推理判断题。根据题目定位到最后一段，可知如果扎克伯格的计划成功了，潜在的收益不仅仅是数十亿的广告收入，还包括蓬勃发展的在线购物业务；B项不正确因为他打算支持的是an alternate digital economy；C项不正确因为越来越受欢迎的是non-fungible tokens；D项不正确因为扎克伯格证实加密数字货币将不可避免地在这个共享世界(即他计划中的世界)中发挥作用，而不是现在的世界，故选A。★(二) 1. C 推理判断题。根据第一段The team reports that lab-grown coffee could be important as climate change continues to threaten traditional coffee farming.可知，随着气候变化继续威胁传统咖啡种植，实验室种植的咖啡可能很重要。由此推断，目前传统的咖啡种植正受到气候变化的影响。故选C。2. B 推理判断题。根据第三段Aisala said that cups of the cellular coffee probably would not pass taste tests comparing it to traditional coffee.可知，和传统咖啡相比，实验室种植的咖啡可能无法通过口味测试，由此说明该咖啡不能满足人们的口味需求，故选B。3. B 细节理解题。根据第四段可知, 实验室种植的咖啡对环境的好处包括减少杀虫剂和肥料的使用以及降低长途运送咖啡豆到市场的需要，即对环境非常友好。故选B。4. C 细节理解题。根据最后一段But an important question remains: Will coffee lovers actually drink the lab-grown creation?可知一个重要的问题仍然存在：咖啡爱好者真的会喝实验室生产的咖啡吗？也就是说顾客是否会接受实验室生产的咖啡仍然是个疑问，故选C。 ★(三)1. C 推理判断题。根据第一段可知，此次火灾已造成46人死亡，至少有41人受伤。由此说明伤亡数字巨大。故选C。2. D 细节理解题。根据第三段The number of dead rose during the day as rescue workers searched the building which combined businesses and homes.可知，这座大楼是一个综合商业和住宅的建筑。故选D。3. A 细节理解题。根据第四段Taiwan’s Central News Agency reported that officials said the building’s age and waste blocking many areas made search and rescue efforts more difficult.可知, 大楼老化，垃圾堵塞了许多区域，使得搜救工作更加困难。故选A。4. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，火灾似乎是从一楼开始的，调查人员正在检查一楼的一家茶馆，据报道该茶馆的店主前一天与女友发生了争执。由此推断，只要知道了当天早上一楼住户的居家情况就可以侦破此次火灾案，故选D。 ★(四) 1. C 细节理解题。根据第二段的These changes are controlled by flexible heaters made of very small wires.可知，这些变化是由微小电线制成的、可弯曲的加热器控制的。故选C。2. C 推理判断题。根据第四段的The technology uses something called thermochromic liquid crystal and silver nanowire heaters.可知，这项技术使用了一种叫做热致变色液晶和银纳米线加热器的东西。由此说明这项技术的运用涉及新材料的使用，故选C。3. D 细节理解题。综合理解第五段：当传感器发现颜色信息时，它们会将这些信息转移到一个非常小的处理器中。然后，这些信息被传送到银纳米线加热器。当加热器达到规定温度时，热致变色液晶就会改变颜色。故选D。4. B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，这种柔韧的皮肤材料可以开发成一种可穿戴设备，运用于时尚行业。它还可以用于制造军装，以及用于设计汽车和建筑物的外观。由此说明这项新技术有着广泛的应用前景。故选B。 ★(五)1.C细节理解题。根据第一段可知，阿卜杜勒拉萨克·古纳（Abdulrazak Gurnah）因其关于“殖民主义的影响和难民的命运”的作品而获得2021年诺贝尔文学奖。故选C。2.D细节理解题。根据第二段He fled following the country’s liberation from British rule because then-President Abeid Karume's regime(政权) mistreated Gurnah’s Arab Muslim community.可知，古纳逃走是因为当时的总统阿贝德·卡鲁梅政权虐待了古纳的阿拉伯穆斯林社区。即他的社区遭到当时政权的虐待。故选D。3.B推理判断题。根据第四段Many of his works explore what he has called “one of the stories of our times”, the deep influence of migration both on people and the places where they make their new homes.可知, 古纳的许多作品探讨了他所谓的“我们时代的一个故事”，即移民对人们和他们建立新家园的地方的深刻影响。由此说明他的许多作品都刻着时代的印记。故选B。4. A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，古纳认为他能得奖真是太好了，这是一个大奖，名单上有那么多优秀的作家，却把奖项颁给了他，由此说明古纳对获得诺贝尔奖表现出满意的态度。故选A。