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高考英语一轮复习课时作业二十一必修5Unit1Greatscientists课件
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这是一份高考英语一轮复习课时作业二十一必修5Unit1Greatscientists课件，共39页。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解A(2021·北京模拟) Researchers cntinue t shw the pwer behind ur sense f smell. Recent studies have fund, amng ther things, that the smell f fds like pizza can cause uncntrllable anger in drivers n rads.
The review explains that smell is unique in its effects n the brain. Accrding t Cnrad King, the researcher wh carried ut the review, “mre than any ther senses, the sense f smell ges thrugh the lgical part f the brain and acts n the systems cncerned with feelings. This is why the smell f baking bread can destry the best intentins f a dieter. ”
Smell, which dictates(决定) the unbelievable cmplexity f fd tastes, has always been the least understd f ur senses. Our nses are able t detect up t 10, 000 distinct smells. Our ability t smell and taste this extremely large range f smells is cntrlled by smething like 1, 000 genes, which make up an amazing 3% f the human genme. Researchers Richard Axel and Linda Buck were tgether awarded a Nbel Prize in 2004 fr their grund-breaking research n the nature f this extrardinary sense. These tw scientists were the first t describe the family f 1, 000 lfactry (嗅觉) genes and t explain hw ur lfactry system wrks.
Accrding t ne study in the research review, smelling fresh pizza r even the packaging f fast fds can be enugh t make drivers feel impatient with ther rad users. They are then mre likely t speed and experience uncntrllable anger n rads. The mst reasnable explanatin is that these can all make drivers feel hungry, and therefre desperate t satisfy their appetites. In cntrast, the smells f peppermint and cinnamn were shwn t imprve cncentratin levels as well as reduce drivers’ impatience. Similarly, the smells f lemn and cffee appeared t prmte clear thinking and mental fcus.
Hwever, the way genes regulate smell differs frm persn t persn. A study by researchers in Israel has identified at least 50 lfactry genes which are switched n in sme peple and nt in thers. They believe this may explain why sme f us lve sme smells and tastes while thers hate them. The Israel researchers say their study shws that nearly every human being shws a different pattern f active and inactive smell-detecting receptrs. 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了人类的嗅觉基因和嗅觉系统, 科学家们通过研究嗅觉基因和嗅觉系统是如何工作的, 发现了嗅觉对我们生活的影响。
1. What did Richard Axel and Linda Buck find ut? A. The type f fd smells. B. The lgical part f human brain. C. The nature f human lfactry system. D. The relatinship between fd and feelings.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。答案定位在第三段These tw scientists were the first t describe the family f 1, 000 lfactry genes and t explain hw ur lfactry system wrks. (这两位科学家首次描述了1 000个嗅觉基因家族, 并解释了我们的嗅觉系统是如何工作的。)由此可知Richard Axel和 Linda Buck这两位科学家发现了人类嗅觉系统的本质。
2. Which f the fllwing can help peple cncentrate? A. Bread. B. Fast fd. C. Pizza. D. Cffee. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。答案定位在第五段Similarly, the smells f lemn and cffee appeared t prmte clear thinking and mental fcus. 可知喝咖啡有助于提高思考和注意力。
3. What d we knw frm the last paragraph? A. Different peple are sensitive t different smells. B. Every persn has a different pattern f genes. C. Sme peple can recgnize up t 50 smells. D. There are still sme lfactry genes t be fund ut.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段The Israel researchers say their study shws that nearly every human being shws a different pattern f active and inactive smell-detecting receptrs. (以色列研究人员表示, 他们的研究表明, 几乎每个人的嗅觉感受器的活跃和不活跃模式都不一样。)由此可知不同的人对不同的气味敏感。
4. What is the passage mainly abut? A. Lgic and behavir. B. Smell and its influence. C. Sense ability and fd tastes. D. Olfactry genes and its system.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。第一段Recent studies have fund, amng ther things, that the smell f fds like pizza can cause uncntrllable anger in drivers n rads. (最近的研究发现, 比萨等食物的味道会让道路上的司机产生无法控制的愤怒)是全文的主题句, 结合全文内容, 可知这篇文章主要介绍了气味及其影响。
【知识拓展】词汇积累uncntrllable anger不可遏止的怒气; unbelievable cmplexity难以置信的复杂性; detect发现; human genme人类基因库; grund-breaking research开创性的研究; desperate t satisfy their appetites迫切满足欲望
B(2021·天津模拟) Are we alne in the universe? A team f scientists annunced n January 6, 2015 that they had identified eight planets beynd ur slar system, three r fur f which rbit in their stars “Gldilcks Zne” — the regin where temperatures are nt t ht r t cld fr water, which is a necessary ingredient fr life as we knw it, t exist liquid frm. This may be gd news fr peple hping that Earth is nt the nly inhabited wrld in the universe.
The scientists, led by Dr. Guilerm Trres f the Harvard-Smithsnian Center fr Astrphysics, made the discveries using data cllected by the planet-seeking Kepler telescpe. NASA launched Kepler in 2009. Since then, the telescpe has identified mre than 1, 000 planets utside f ur slar system. Trres and his team analyzed the data abut the eight newly discvered wrld t determine which nes are mst likely t be similar t ur Earth.
Amng the new discveries, the scientists say the planets called Kepler 438b and 442b are the clsest t Earth. Kepler 438b is just abut 10% larger than ur planet, and gets 40% mre f its energy frm its star than Earth receives frm the Sun. Temperatures there wuld be abut 140 degrees. Kepler 442b is abut 33% larger than Earth, but receives 30% less energy frm its star. That wuld make it a ptentially chillier wrld than ur wn. Trres says it is pssible fr life t exist and survive in either f thse temperatures, but fr that t happen, these planets wuld need t have anther key ingredient fr life: a heat-trapping atmsphere like Earth’s.
While these findings add t the pssibility that life exists beynd Earth, Trres cautins against drawing cnclusins. “We are nt claiming they are inhabited, ” he says. In fact, these planets are s far away that the scientists cannt bserve them directly, which can be explanatin fr why fr nw it remains unknwn whether these planets cntain life. But the discvery f planets in their stars’ habitable znes suggests that smewhere ut there, sme frm f alien life may have taken hld. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了科学家宣布找到了太阳系外的另外八个星球, 其中三四个星球的运行轨道温度适宜, 适合水的存在。这使人们相信地球外还可能存在生命的迹象。
5. The scientists have identified eight planets, _________. A. which are suitable fr humans t live nB. sme f which are pssible fr life t exist nC. sme f which have the same situatins as EarthD. which are nt t ht r t cld fr water t exist n【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知, 科学家已经确定了八个太阳系以外的行星, 其中三个或四个轨道恒星的“适居带”——水, 我们所知的生命存在的必要成分, 在这个地区, 水的温度既不太热也不太冷, 能够以液体的形式存在。故可推理得知, 八颗行星中的其中一些可能存在生命。
6. Which statement abut the discvery f Trres and his team is TRUE? A. Kepler 438b is t ht fr any life t exist n. B. Kepler 438b and 442b are the farthest t Earth. C. They have made the discveries thrugh Kepler. D. They have discvered ver 1000 planets in 7 years. 【解析】选C。 细节理解题。根据第二段“The scientists, led by Dr. Guilerm Trres f the Harvard-Smithsnian Center fr Astrphysics, made the discveries using data cllected by the planet-seeking Kepler telescpe. ”可知, Trres和他的团队是利用开普勒望远镜收集的数据发现了这些行星。
7. What is the pssible thing that Kepler 442b lacks fr life t exist n? A. The water. B. The sunlight. C. The sil. D. The atmsphere. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Trres says it is pssible fr life t exist and survive in either f thse temperatures, but fr that t happen, these planets wuld need t have anther key ingredient fr life: a heat-trapping atmsphere like Earth’s. ”可知, 开普勒442b缺少能够让生命存在的另一个关键组成部分: 大气层。
8. Abut their explratin, Trres wants t indicate that _________. A. there is a lt left t learnB. they have had decisive gainsC. it is the first in human histryD. it is certain fr life n the planets
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句“In fact, these planets are s far away that the scientists cannt bserve them directly, which can be explanatin fr why fr nw it remains unknwn whether these planets cntain life. ”可知, Trres认为这些行星如此遥远以至于科学家们无法直接观测到它们, 这就可以解释为什么目前还不清楚这些行星上是否存在生命。Trres想要暗示我们还有很多很多东西需要了解。
【知识拓展】长难句分析In fact, these planets are s far away that the scientists cannt bserve them directly, which can be explanatin fr why fr nw it remains unknwn whether these planets cntain life. 分析: s. . . that结果状语从句; which引导非限制性定语从句, 指代前面一整句话的内容; why引导宾语从句, 其中it作形式主语, 真正主语是whether从句。翻译: 事实上, 这些行星非常遥远, 科学家无法直接进行观测, 这就解释了为什么这些行星上是否存在生命还是个未知数。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句 Living t the ripe ld age f 90 may depend n yur bdy size—bth height and weight—as well as yur level f physical activity, and geeing t influence a wman’s lifespan mre than it des a man’s. The study fund wmen wh lived t 90 were, n average, taller and had put n less weight since the age f 20 as cmpared t wmen wh were shrter and heavier. 1 Hwever, men saw mre benefit frm physical activity than wmen.
In 1986 researchers asked ver 7, 000 Nrwegian men and wmen between age 55 and 69 abut their height, current weight, and weight at age 20. Bth genders als tld researchers abut their current physical activities. 2 The men and wmen were then srted int daily activity qutas: less than 30 minutes, 30 t 60 minutes, and 90 minutes r mre. Men and wmen in the study fared very differently when it came t the impact f bdy size and exercise.
Wmen wh weighed less at age 20 and put n less weight as they aged were mre likely t live lnger than heavier wmen. 3 The study fund wmen wh were taller than 5 feet 9 inches were 31% mre likely t live int their 90s than wmen wh were less than 5 feet 3 inches. 4 Men wh spent 90 minutes a day r mre being active were 39%mre likely t live t 90 than men wh were physically active fr less than 30 minutes. Hwever, wmen wh were physically active fr mre than 60 minutes a day were nly 21%mre likely t live t 90 than thse wh did 30 minutes r less. And unlike men, there was n bnus fr increasing activity. 5
A. Height played a majr factr. B. N such assciatin was seen fr men. C. The study was bservatinal and culdn’t establish cause. D. In fact, the study fund that the ptimal level f activity fr wmen was 60 minutes a day. E. Neither height nr weight seemed t factr int whether the men reached their 90s, but activity level did.
F. In additin, fr each 30 minutes a day the men were active, they were 5% mre likely t reach that age. G. And they included dg walking, gardening, hme imprvements, walking r biking t wrk and sprts. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是人的寿命取决于哪些因素。研究表明活到90岁的高龄可能取决于你的身高和体重以及你的身体活动水平, 并且指出影响一个女性的寿命比影响一个男性的寿命更多。
1. 【解析】选B。上文提示“研究发现活到90岁的女性, 平均而言更高, 20岁后更不易发胖, 这是与更矮、更重的女性相比。”而下文提到men saw mre benefit frm physical activity than wmen以及Hwever可知前后相反, 前面提女性, 后面讲男性, 承接上文, B项N such assciatin was seen fr men. 切题。2. 【解析】选G。上文提示“男女双方还告诉研究人员关于他们当前的体育活动。”承接上文, G项And they included dg walking, gardening, hme imprvements, walking r biking t wrk and sprts. (它们包括遛狗、园艺、家庭环境的改善、走路或骑自行车去上班和运动。)切题。该项中的they指的就是上句中的activities。
3. 【解析】选A。下文提示“研究发现高度超过5英尺9英寸的女性活到90岁的概率比身高不到5英尺3英寸的女性高出31%。”承接下文, A项Height played a majr factr. (高度扮演了一个主要因素。)切题。4. 【解析】选E。下文提示“一天花了90分钟或更多时间在运动上的男性比每天锻炼少于30分钟的男性活到90岁的可能性高39%。”承接下文, E项Neither height nr weight seemed t factr int whether the men reached their 90s, but activity level did. (男性是否能活到90多岁, 其因素似乎既不是身高也不是体重, 而是活动标准。)切题。
5. 【解析】选D。上文提示“与男性不同, 增加活动没有额外的收获。”承接上文, D项In fact, the study fund that the ptimal level f activity fr wmen was 60 minutes a day. (事实上, 研究发现, 女性活动的最优水平是每天60分钟。)切题。
Ⅲ. 语法填空阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 2020 Nbel Peace Prize 1. _________ (g) t the UN Wrld Fd Prgramme (WFP) n Friday, 9 Octber 2020. The agency was recgnized fr its effrts t fight hunger fr its cntributin t 2. _________ (imprve) cnditins fr peace in cnflict-affected areas and fr acting as a driving frce t prevent the use f hunger 3. _________ a weapn f war and cnflict. The effrts f WFP fcus n emergency assistance, develpment aid and special peratins, tw thirds f
4. _________ are made in cnflict-affected cuntries. In thse cuntries, peple are three times mre likely t suffer pr nutritin 5. _________thse living in cuntries withut cnflict d. David Beasley, WFP Executive Directr, said the 6._______(annunce) made by the Nrwegian Nbel Cmmittee turned the glbal sptlight n the 690 millin peple 7. _________ (expse) t severe levels f fd insecurity. “Every ne f them has the right t live peacefully and withut hunger. ”
Mr Beasley als nted that the Nbel Peace Prize was nt 8. _________(simple) WFP’s. He said, “WFP wrks clsely with gvernments, rganizatins and individuals whse lve fr helping hungry peple equals 9. _________(we). We culd nt pssibly help anyne withut them. And the daily wrk f ur members 10. _________(drive) by ur cre values f integrity (真诚) and humanity. ” 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了2020年诺贝尔和平奖颁发给联合国世界粮食计划署的事情。
1. 【解析】went。考查时态。根据句中的时间状语“n Friday, 9 Octber 2020”可知, 此处描述发生在过去的动作, 应用一般过去时。2. 【解析】imprving。考查非谓语动词。cntributin t中的t是介词, 其后应用动名词。3. 【解析】as。考查介词。 此处指防止饥饿被用作战争和冲突的武器。根据句意可知, 应填as, 意为“作为, 当作”。4. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。 此处是“数词+介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句, 修饰先行词The effrts, 关系代词指物, 故用which。
5. 【解析】than。考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知, 空处引导比较状语从句, 故用连词than。6. 【解析】annuncement。考查词性转换。根据句意及空前的the可知, 此处应用名词作宾语从句的主语。7. 【解析】expsed。考查非谓语动词。expse和其逻辑主语the 690 millin peple之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词作后置定语。8. 【解析】simply。考查词性转换。修饰谓语动词was应用副词。9. 【解析】urs。考查词性转换。空处在句中作宾语, 指ur lve fr helping hungry peple, 应用名词性物主代词。
10. 【解析】is driven。 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观情况, 应用一般现在时; drive和主语the daily wrk之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态; 句子主语the daily wrk是不可数名词, 应用单数。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解A(2021·北京模拟) Researchers cntinue t shw the pwer behind ur sense f smell. Recent studies have fund, amng ther things, that the smell f fds like pizza can cause uncntrllable anger in drivers n rads.
The review explains that smell is unique in its effects n the brain. Accrding t Cnrad King, the researcher wh carried ut the review, “mre than any ther senses, the sense f smell ges thrugh the lgical part f the brain and acts n the systems cncerned with feelings. This is why the smell f baking bread can destry the best intentins f a dieter. ”
Smell, which dictates(决定) the unbelievable cmplexity f fd tastes, has always been the least understd f ur senses. Our nses are able t detect up t 10, 000 distinct smells. Our ability t smell and taste this extremely large range f smells is cntrlled by smething like 1, 000 genes, which make up an amazing 3% f the human genme. Researchers Richard Axel and Linda Buck were tgether awarded a Nbel Prize in 2004 fr their grund-breaking research n the nature f this extrardinary sense. These tw scientists were the first t describe the family f 1, 000 lfactry (嗅觉) genes and t explain hw ur lfactry system wrks.
Accrding t ne study in the research review, smelling fresh pizza r even the packaging f fast fds can be enugh t make drivers feel impatient with ther rad users. They are then mre likely t speed and experience uncntrllable anger n rads. The mst reasnable explanatin is that these can all make drivers feel hungry, and therefre desperate t satisfy their appetites. In cntrast, the smells f peppermint and cinnamn were shwn t imprve cncentratin levels as well as reduce drivers’ impatience. Similarly, the smells f lemn and cffee appeared t prmte clear thinking and mental fcus.
Hwever, the way genes regulate smell differs frm persn t persn. A study by researchers in Israel has identified at least 50 lfactry genes which are switched n in sme peple and nt in thers. They believe this may explain why sme f us lve sme smells and tastes while thers hate them. The Israel researchers say their study shws that nearly every human being shws a different pattern f active and inactive smell-detecting receptrs. 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了人类的嗅觉基因和嗅觉系统, 科学家们通过研究嗅觉基因和嗅觉系统是如何工作的, 发现了嗅觉对我们生活的影响。
1. What did Richard Axel and Linda Buck find ut? A. The type f fd smells. B. The lgical part f human brain. C. The nature f human lfactry system. D. The relatinship between fd and feelings.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。答案定位在第三段These tw scientists were the first t describe the family f 1, 000 lfactry genes and t explain hw ur lfactry system wrks. (这两位科学家首次描述了1 000个嗅觉基因家族, 并解释了我们的嗅觉系统是如何工作的。)由此可知Richard Axel和 Linda Buck这两位科学家发现了人类嗅觉系统的本质。
2. Which f the fllwing can help peple cncentrate? A. Bread. B. Fast fd. C. Pizza. D. Cffee. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。答案定位在第五段Similarly, the smells f lemn and cffee appeared t prmte clear thinking and mental fcus. 可知喝咖啡有助于提高思考和注意力。
3. What d we knw frm the last paragraph? A. Different peple are sensitive t different smells. B. Every persn has a different pattern f genes. C. Sme peple can recgnize up t 50 smells. D. There are still sme lfactry genes t be fund ut.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段The Israel researchers say their study shws that nearly every human being shws a different pattern f active and inactive smell-detecting receptrs. (以色列研究人员表示, 他们的研究表明, 几乎每个人的嗅觉感受器的活跃和不活跃模式都不一样。)由此可知不同的人对不同的气味敏感。
4. What is the passage mainly abut? A. Lgic and behavir. B. Smell and its influence. C. Sense ability and fd tastes. D. Olfactry genes and its system.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。第一段Recent studies have fund, amng ther things, that the smell f fds like pizza can cause uncntrllable anger in drivers n rads. (最近的研究发现, 比萨等食物的味道会让道路上的司机产生无法控制的愤怒)是全文的主题句, 结合全文内容, 可知这篇文章主要介绍了气味及其影响。
【知识拓展】词汇积累uncntrllable anger不可遏止的怒气; unbelievable cmplexity难以置信的复杂性; detect发现; human genme人类基因库; grund-breaking research开创性的研究; desperate t satisfy their appetites迫切满足欲望
B(2021·天津模拟) Are we alne in the universe? A team f scientists annunced n January 6, 2015 that they had identified eight planets beynd ur slar system, three r fur f which rbit in their stars “Gldilcks Zne” — the regin where temperatures are nt t ht r t cld fr water, which is a necessary ingredient fr life as we knw it, t exist liquid frm. This may be gd news fr peple hping that Earth is nt the nly inhabited wrld in the universe.
The scientists, led by Dr. Guilerm Trres f the Harvard-Smithsnian Center fr Astrphysics, made the discveries using data cllected by the planet-seeking Kepler telescpe. NASA launched Kepler in 2009. Since then, the telescpe has identified mre than 1, 000 planets utside f ur slar system. Trres and his team analyzed the data abut the eight newly discvered wrld t determine which nes are mst likely t be similar t ur Earth.
Amng the new discveries, the scientists say the planets called Kepler 438b and 442b are the clsest t Earth. Kepler 438b is just abut 10% larger than ur planet, and gets 40% mre f its energy frm its star than Earth receives frm the Sun. Temperatures there wuld be abut 140 degrees. Kepler 442b is abut 33% larger than Earth, but receives 30% less energy frm its star. That wuld make it a ptentially chillier wrld than ur wn. Trres says it is pssible fr life t exist and survive in either f thse temperatures, but fr that t happen, these planets wuld need t have anther key ingredient fr life: a heat-trapping atmsphere like Earth’s.
While these findings add t the pssibility that life exists beynd Earth, Trres cautins against drawing cnclusins. “We are nt claiming they are inhabited, ” he says. In fact, these planets are s far away that the scientists cannt bserve them directly, which can be explanatin fr why fr nw it remains unknwn whether these planets cntain life. But the discvery f planets in their stars’ habitable znes suggests that smewhere ut there, sme frm f alien life may have taken hld. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了科学家宣布找到了太阳系外的另外八个星球, 其中三四个星球的运行轨道温度适宜, 适合水的存在。这使人们相信地球外还可能存在生命的迹象。
5. The scientists have identified eight planets, _________. A. which are suitable fr humans t live nB. sme f which are pssible fr life t exist nC. sme f which have the same situatins as EarthD. which are nt t ht r t cld fr water t exist n【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知, 科学家已经确定了八个太阳系以外的行星, 其中三个或四个轨道恒星的“适居带”——水, 我们所知的生命存在的必要成分, 在这个地区, 水的温度既不太热也不太冷, 能够以液体的形式存在。故可推理得知, 八颗行星中的其中一些可能存在生命。
6. Which statement abut the discvery f Trres and his team is TRUE? A. Kepler 438b is t ht fr any life t exist n. B. Kepler 438b and 442b are the farthest t Earth. C. They have made the discveries thrugh Kepler. D. They have discvered ver 1000 planets in 7 years. 【解析】选C。 细节理解题。根据第二段“The scientists, led by Dr. Guilerm Trres f the Harvard-Smithsnian Center fr Astrphysics, made the discveries using data cllected by the planet-seeking Kepler telescpe. ”可知, Trres和他的团队是利用开普勒望远镜收集的数据发现了这些行星。
7. What is the pssible thing that Kepler 442b lacks fr life t exist n? A. The water. B. The sunlight. C. The sil. D. The atmsphere. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Trres says it is pssible fr life t exist and survive in either f thse temperatures, but fr that t happen, these planets wuld need t have anther key ingredient fr life: a heat-trapping atmsphere like Earth’s. ”可知, 开普勒442b缺少能够让生命存在的另一个关键组成部分: 大气层。
8. Abut their explratin, Trres wants t indicate that _________. A. there is a lt left t learnB. they have had decisive gainsC. it is the first in human histryD. it is certain fr life n the planets
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句“In fact, these planets are s far away that the scientists cannt bserve them directly, which can be explanatin fr why fr nw it remains unknwn whether these planets cntain life. ”可知, Trres认为这些行星如此遥远以至于科学家们无法直接观测到它们, 这就可以解释为什么目前还不清楚这些行星上是否存在生命。Trres想要暗示我们还有很多很多东西需要了解。
【知识拓展】长难句分析In fact, these planets are s far away that the scientists cannt bserve them directly, which can be explanatin fr why fr nw it remains unknwn whether these planets cntain life. 分析: s. . . that结果状语从句; which引导非限制性定语从句, 指代前面一整句话的内容; why引导宾语从句, 其中it作形式主语, 真正主语是whether从句。翻译: 事实上, 这些行星非常遥远, 科学家无法直接进行观测, 这就解释了为什么这些行星上是否存在生命还是个未知数。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句 Living t the ripe ld age f 90 may depend n yur bdy size—bth height and weight—as well as yur level f physical activity, and geeing t influence a wman’s lifespan mre than it des a man’s. The study fund wmen wh lived t 90 were, n average, taller and had put n less weight since the age f 20 as cmpared t wmen wh were shrter and heavier. 1 Hwever, men saw mre benefit frm physical activity than wmen.
In 1986 researchers asked ver 7, 000 Nrwegian men and wmen between age 55 and 69 abut their height, current weight, and weight at age 20. Bth genders als tld researchers abut their current physical activities. 2 The men and wmen were then srted int daily activity qutas: less than 30 minutes, 30 t 60 minutes, and 90 minutes r mre. Men and wmen in the study fared very differently when it came t the impact f bdy size and exercise.
Wmen wh weighed less at age 20 and put n less weight as they aged were mre likely t live lnger than heavier wmen. 3 The study fund wmen wh were taller than 5 feet 9 inches were 31% mre likely t live int their 90s than wmen wh were less than 5 feet 3 inches. 4 Men wh spent 90 minutes a day r mre being active were 39%mre likely t live t 90 than men wh were physically active fr less than 30 minutes. Hwever, wmen wh were physically active fr mre than 60 minutes a day were nly 21%mre likely t live t 90 than thse wh did 30 minutes r less. And unlike men, there was n bnus fr increasing activity. 5
A. Height played a majr factr. B. N such assciatin was seen fr men. C. The study was bservatinal and culdn’t establish cause. D. In fact, the study fund that the ptimal level f activity fr wmen was 60 minutes a day. E. Neither height nr weight seemed t factr int whether the men reached their 90s, but activity level did.
F. In additin, fr each 30 minutes a day the men were active, they were 5% mre likely t reach that age. G. And they included dg walking, gardening, hme imprvements, walking r biking t wrk and sprts. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是人的寿命取决于哪些因素。研究表明活到90岁的高龄可能取决于你的身高和体重以及你的身体活动水平, 并且指出影响一个女性的寿命比影响一个男性的寿命更多。
1. 【解析】选B。上文提示“研究发现活到90岁的女性, 平均而言更高, 20岁后更不易发胖, 这是与更矮、更重的女性相比。”而下文提到men saw mre benefit frm physical activity than wmen以及Hwever可知前后相反, 前面提女性, 后面讲男性, 承接上文, B项N such assciatin was seen fr men. 切题。2. 【解析】选G。上文提示“男女双方还告诉研究人员关于他们当前的体育活动。”承接上文, G项And they included dg walking, gardening, hme imprvements, walking r biking t wrk and sprts. (它们包括遛狗、园艺、家庭环境的改善、走路或骑自行车去上班和运动。)切题。该项中的they指的就是上句中的activities。
3. 【解析】选A。下文提示“研究发现高度超过5英尺9英寸的女性活到90岁的概率比身高不到5英尺3英寸的女性高出31%。”承接下文, A项Height played a majr factr. (高度扮演了一个主要因素。)切题。4. 【解析】选E。下文提示“一天花了90分钟或更多时间在运动上的男性比每天锻炼少于30分钟的男性活到90岁的可能性高39%。”承接下文, E项Neither height nr weight seemed t factr int whether the men reached their 90s, but activity level did. (男性是否能活到90多岁, 其因素似乎既不是身高也不是体重, 而是活动标准。)切题。
5. 【解析】选D。上文提示“与男性不同, 增加活动没有额外的收获。”承接上文, D项In fact, the study fund that the ptimal level f activity fr wmen was 60 minutes a day. (事实上, 研究发现, 女性活动的最优水平是每天60分钟。)切题。
Ⅲ. 语法填空阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 2020 Nbel Peace Prize 1. _________ (g) t the UN Wrld Fd Prgramme (WFP) n Friday, 9 Octber 2020. The agency was recgnized fr its effrts t fight hunger fr its cntributin t 2. _________ (imprve) cnditins fr peace in cnflict-affected areas and fr acting as a driving frce t prevent the use f hunger 3. _________ a weapn f war and cnflict. The effrts f WFP fcus n emergency assistance, develpment aid and special peratins, tw thirds f
4. _________ are made in cnflict-affected cuntries. In thse cuntries, peple are three times mre likely t suffer pr nutritin 5. _________thse living in cuntries withut cnflict d. David Beasley, WFP Executive Directr, said the 6._______(annunce) made by the Nrwegian Nbel Cmmittee turned the glbal sptlight n the 690 millin peple 7. _________ (expse) t severe levels f fd insecurity. “Every ne f them has the right t live peacefully and withut hunger. ”
Mr Beasley als nted that the Nbel Peace Prize was nt 8. _________(simple) WFP’s. He said, “WFP wrks clsely with gvernments, rganizatins and individuals whse lve fr helping hungry peple equals 9. _________(we). We culd nt pssibly help anyne withut them. And the daily wrk f ur members 10. _________(drive) by ur cre values f integrity (真诚) and humanity. ” 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了2020年诺贝尔和平奖颁发给联合国世界粮食计划署的事情。
1. 【解析】went。考查时态。根据句中的时间状语“n Friday, 9 Octber 2020”可知, 此处描述发生在过去的动作, 应用一般过去时。2. 【解析】imprving。考查非谓语动词。cntributin t中的t是介词, 其后应用动名词。3. 【解析】as。考查介词。 此处指防止饥饿被用作战争和冲突的武器。根据句意可知, 应填as, 意为“作为, 当作”。4. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。 此处是“数词+介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句, 修饰先行词The effrts, 关系代词指物, 故用which。
5. 【解析】than。考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知, 空处引导比较状语从句, 故用连词than。6. 【解析】annuncement。考查词性转换。根据句意及空前的the可知, 此处应用名词作宾语从句的主语。7. 【解析】expsed。考查非谓语动词。expse和其逻辑主语the 690 millin peple之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词作后置定语。8. 【解析】simply。考查词性转换。修饰谓语动词was应用副词。9. 【解析】urs。考查词性转换。空处在句中作宾语, 指ur lve fr helping hungry peple, 应用名词性物主代词。
10. 【解析】is driven。 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观情况, 应用一般现在时; drive和主语the daily wrk之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态; 句子主语the daily wrk是不可数名词, 应用单数。
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