高考英语一轮复习课时作业十四必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars课件

这是一份高考英语一轮复习课时作业十四必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars课件，共40页。

Ⅰ. 阅读理解A(2021·衡阳模拟) By the time Rbert Prter Allen was brn in 1905, the whping crane(鸣鹤)was already in truble. The beautiful bird was nce cmmnly fund acrss Nrth America. By 1941, the whping crane ppulatin had dwindled t the duble digits. The tallest species in Nrth America was critically endangered.
In the 1940s, the remaining cranes migrated(迁徙) every year frm the Gulf Cast f Texas t smewhere in the nrth f Canada t breed(繁殖). The cnservatin cmmunity didn’t knw where the birds went. The wetlands where they used t spend winters were grwing rarer and rarer as the tiny, nn-migrating grup f whping cranes was alive in Luisiana in 1941, but the grup had disappeared by the time Allen started his research.
In 1942, Allen undertk the whping crane prject ver the next three years. He did almst cnstant field wrk that tk him frm Texas up the cranes’ migratin rute t Nebraska, and n int Saskatchewan in search f the nesting grund f the birds. Studying the bird in its breeding habitat and seeing hw many birds were brn wuld allw cnservatinists t understand hw t help the birds n their jurney. But finding the whping crane’s nesting site meant difficult and fruitless air searches ver nrthern Canada.
In 1952, Allen wrte a reprt n the whping crane. The reprt was a warning call t the cnservatin cmmunity: nly 33 migratry “whpers” remained, and their nesting site still hadn’t been fund. Tw years later, the whping cranes’ breeding grunds in Canada’s Wd Buffal Natinal Park were finally fund, and Allen headed nrth t study them first-hand—an “incredibly difficult jurney”, in Sprunt’s wrds. Allen’s wrk laid the grundwrk fr cnservatinists t save the birds. Their effrts paid ff as the numbers reached 57 by 1970 and 214 by 2005. Tday, the whping crane is still listed as endangered, but there are rughly 600 birds alive.
1. What is the passage mainly abut? A. It is a stry abut Allen’s searching fr a lst bird. B. It is a stry abut the cranes’ lng migratin flight. C. It is a stry abut the crane surviving the winters. D. It is a stry abut cnserving the whping crane. 【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通读文章可知, 整篇文章都是围绕保护濒危鸟类——鸣鹤的内容展开的, 故答案为D项。
2. What des the underlined wrd “dwindled” mean in the first paragraph? A. Increased. 　　　　B. Reduced. C. Stayed. D. Limited. 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据上文“By the time Rbert Prter Allen was brn in 1905, the whping crane was already in truble. The beautiful bird was nce cmmnly fund acrss Nrth America. ”猜测画线词所在句句意: 到1941年, 鸣鹤的数量已经减少到两位数, 所以答案为B项。
3. Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is mainly respnsible fr what happened t the remaining whping cranes? A. Habitat lss. B. Illegal hunting. C. Natural disasters. D. Deadly diseases. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段“The wetlands where they used t spend winters were grwing rarer and rarer as the tiny, nn-migrating grup f whping cranes was alive in Luisiana in 1941”可知栖息地的丧失是造成鸣鹤逐渐消失的主要原因, 所以答案为A项。
4. Which f the fllwing events tk place in 1954? A. The nn-migrating grup f whping cranes disappeared. B. Rbert Prter Allen undertk the whping crane prject. C. The whping cranes’ breeding grunds were fund. D. Rbert Prter Allen wrte a reprt n the whping crane. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“In 1952, Allen wrte a reprt n the whping crane. ”以及“Tw years later, the whping cranes’ breeding grunds in Canada’s Wd Buffal Natinal Park were finally fund”可知答案为C项。
【知识拓展】鸣鹤鸟, 鹤科(GRUIDAE)鸟类, 学名为GRUS AMERICANA, 即美洲鹤, 最高的美洲鸟, 也是世界稀禽之一, 正式列为濒危物种。美国内政部渔猎局正在繁殖笼养美洲鹤, 试图增加其数量(20世纪80年代初仅余近100只, 尚有笼养约24只)。体高约150厘米, 翅展约210厘米。体羽白色, 翅尖黑色, 腿黑色, 裸露的面部和头顶红色。其鸣叫声在3. 2千米外都能听到。据信, 若干时间以来美洲鹤之类的鸟类的数量之所以下降, 主要原因是生态条件的改变, 人类的捕猎及垦荒只是部分原因。它们又好集群, 因此易受不利环境条件的影响, 幼雏死亡率高, 因此种群恢复极慢。
B Mre than 90 years has passed since Hllywd’s fficial film rganizatin first prpsed plans t build its wn museum. Thse plans are finally becming a reality, with the Academy Museum f Mtin Pictures set t pen in 2019. The prject is underway at the site f a histric Ls Angeles department stre built in 1939. Museum fficials say visitrs will be able t“experience the magic f cinema” by learning abut all parts f the filmmaking prcess.
Film histrian Kerry Brugher has been named directr f the museum. Brugher says the museum will include ver 12 millin phtgraphs and 80, 000 screenplays as well as prps (道具), cstumes and ther bjects frm famus films. The Academy Museum will als feature Oscar statuettes (小雕像) dnated by actrs wh wn the awards. Brugher says the museum is designed t make visitrs feel like they are in a mvie, t, with many interactive experiences. “Yu wn’t necessarily knw what’s cming next, ” he adds. “Yu’ll be in envirnments smetimes that make yu feel like yu’ve gne back t the past and that yu’re in the area that yu’re actually explring. ” He adds that visitrs may even get the chance t walk dwn a red carpet and accept their wn Academy Award.
Currently, Hllywd nly has a few pssibilities fr visitrs. They can g alng the Walk f Fame, visit mvie studis r see the Dlby Theater, where the Oscars are presented. But beynd these, mvie fans have limited pssibilities. Eric Garcetti, the mayr f Ls Angeles says the Academy Museum will prvide visitrs with the chance t experience many different parts f the film industry all in ne place. Garcetti ntes the museum will als serve the hundreds f thusands f lcal peple wrking in film-related businesses. He says they, t, will finally be able t visit a place that celebrates their wn Hllywd mvie industry.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了好莱坞终于有了自己的电影博物馆, 并于2019年向公众开放。5. When was the idea f building a museum in Hllywd first put frward? A. In the 1920s. 　　　　　B. In 1939. C. In the 1990s. D. In 2019. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知, 自好莱坞官方电影组织首次提出建立自己的博物馆的计划, 时间已经过去了九十多年, 因此大约在20世纪20年代第一次提出了在好莱坞建立博物馆的想法, 故选A项。
6. What can we learn frm Brugher’s wrds? A. Phts f visitrs will be put n display. B. Settings in the museum will feel quite real. C. Mst visitrs will be presented with an award. D. Actrs will dnate much mney t the museum. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Yu’ll be in envirnments. . . that yu’re actually explring. ”可知, 博物馆的环境会让你有回到过去、身临其境的感觉, 故从Brugher的话中可以推断出博物馆的背景环境令人感觉非常真实, 故选B项。
7. What is Eric Garcetti’s attitude twards the Academy Museum? A. Supprtive. B. Critical. C. Disapprving. D. Cautius. 【解析】选A。观点态度题。根据最后一段中Eric Garcetti说的话可知, Garcetti认为博物馆将为游客提供体验电影行业许多不同方面的机会, 并为成千上万在电影相关行业工作的当地人员服务。因此可知, Garcetti对博物馆持支持的态度, 故选A项。
8. What is the best title fr the passage? A. The Filmmaking Plans in HllywdB. The Filmmaking Prcess f HllywdC. Hllywd Making Plans f Film MuseumsD. Hllywd Getting Its Own Film Museum【解析】选D。标题归纳题。通读全文及根据本文第一段中的“Thse plans are finally becming a reality, with the Academy Museum f Mtin Pictures set t pen in 2019. ”可知, 本文主要围绕“好莱坞将要建成自己的电影博物馆”这个主题展开论述, 故选D项。
【知识拓展】佳句积累 1. Thse plans are finally becming a reality, with the Academy Museum f Mtin Pictures set t pen in 2019. 随着电影学院博物馆(Academy Museum f Mtin Pictures)于2019年开放, 这些计划终于成为了现实。2. Brugher says the museum is designed t make visitrs feel like they are in a mvie, t, with many interactive experiences. 布鲁尔说, 博物馆的设计让游客感觉他们也在电影中, 里面还有许多互动体验。
Ⅱ. 完形填空　　After I struggled t get ver my first wife Cergia’s death, my life finally returned t nrmal. But a few weeks after she was called t heaven, I was cking dinner fr my sn and myself. Fr a 　1　, I decided n frzen peas. As I was cutting pen the bag, it 　2　 frm my hands and crashed t the flr. The peas rlled everywhere. I tried t use a 　3　, but with each swipe the peas rlled acrss the 　4　, bunced ff the wall n the ther side and rlled in anther 　5　.  
My mental state at the time was 　6　. Lsing my wife is an unbearable 　7　. I gt n my hands and knees and pulled them int a 　8　. I was half laughing and half crying as I 　9　 them. I culd see the humr in what happened, 　10　 it desn’t take much fr a persn dealing with grief(悲痛)t break dwn.   Fr the next week, every time I was in the kitchen, I wuld find a pea that had 　11　 my first cleanup. Eight mnths later I 　12　 the refrigeratr t clean, and fund thse few 　13　 peas. At that time, I was in a new 　14　 with a wnderful wman I met at a party. After we married, I was 　15　 f thse peas under the refrigeratr. I 　16　 that my life had been like that bag f frzen peas. My wife was 　17　. I was in a new city with a busy jb and a sn having truble adjusting t his new 　18　 and the lss f his mther.  
When life gets yu dwn; when yu think yu can never 　19　 the tugh times, remember, it is just a bag f scattered, frzen peas. Yu will find all the peas. When yu pull all the peas tgether, life will be 　20　 again.  【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。作者的妻子去世了, 作者感到生活完全破碎了。后来作者意识到: 困难时期生活就像一袋散了的冻豌豆。但是最终你会找到所有散落的豌豆, 渡过艰难时期, 生活终将变得完整。
1. A. fruitB. vegetableC. meatD. salad【解析】选B。fruit水果; vegetable蔬菜; meat肉; salad沙拉。pea属于蔬菜类, 故B选项正确。2. A. slippedB. disappearedC. crawledD. lst【解析】选A。slip滑, 滑倒; disappear消失; crawl爬, 爬行; lse失去。根据下文中“The peas rlled everywhere”可推知, 作者在剪开袋子的时候, 袋子从作者的手里滑了下去, 掉到了地板上。豌豆滚得到处都是。故A选项正确。
3. A. tlB. clthC. brushD. brm【解析】选D。tl工具; clth布; brush刷子; brm扫帚。根据后面的each swipe可知, 作者用扫帚扫掉到地上的豌豆。故D选项正确。4. A. kitchenB. washrmC. restaurantD. bedrm【解析】选A。kitchen厨房; washrm洗手间; restaurant餐馆; bedrm卧室。作者做晚饭, 当然是在厨房里。故A项正确。
5. A. disagreementB. effrtC. directinD. cmpanin【解析】选C。disagreement异议, 分歧; effrt努力; directin方向; cmpanin同伴。豌豆从另一边的墙上反弹过来, 向另一个方向滚去。故C选项正确。6. A. fragileB. gentleC. ptentialD. ambitius【解析】选A。fragile易碎的; gentle温柔的; ptential有潜力的; ambitius有雄心的, 有野心的。根据下文中的“I was half laughing and half crying”可知, 当时作者的精神状态几近崩溃, 很脆弱, 妻子的去世对他打击很大。故A项正确。
7. A. srrwB. painC. emtinD. anger【解析】选B。srrw悲伤; pain痛苦; emtin情绪, 情感; anger生气。妻子去世对丈夫来说是一种难以忍受的痛苦。故B选项正确。8. A. pieceB. partC. pileD. line【解析】选C。piece片, 条; part部分; pile堆; line线。作者四肢着地, 将豌豆归拢到一起, 堆成一堆。故C项正确。
9. A. cllectedB. accumulatedC. btainedD. pssessed【解析】选A。cllect收集; accumulate积累; btain获得; pssess占有, 拥有。根据前文中的“pulled them int a _________”可知, 作者在将四散的豌豆收集到一起。故A项正确。 10. A. andB. rC. sD. but【解析】选D。前面提到: 我能从所发生的事情中看出幽默。后面提到: 一个经历悲伤的人不需要太多的时间就能崩溃。很明显, 前后两句之间是转折关系。故D项正确。
11. A. attractedB. destryedC. escapedD. buried【解析】选C。attract吸引; destry毁坏; escape逃脱; bury埋葬。接下来的一周里, 每次作者在厨房里的时候, 都会找到一颗最初“逃过”清理的豌豆。故C项正确。12. A. picked utB. set utC. pulled utD. figured ut【解析】选C。pick ut挑选出; set ut出发, 动身; pull ut拉出, 抽出; figure ut弄清楚, 弄明白。根据下文中的“thse peas under the refrigeratr”可知, 作者为了清理, 要把冰箱从原地拉出来, 这样才能发现冰箱下面的豌豆。故C选项正确。
13. A. deliciusB. remainingC. massiveD. additinal【解析】选B。delicius美味的; remaining剩下的; massive巨大的, 庞大的; additinal额外的, 附加的。作者八个月后找到了剩下的豌豆。故B项正确。14. A. cncernB. mdC. cnnectinD. relatinship【解析】选D。cncern担心, 关心; md情绪; cnnectin连接; relatinship关系。作者和聚会上遇到的一位女士开始了一段新的(恋爱)关系。故D项正确。
15. A. infrmedB. remindedC. accusedD. required【解析】选B。infrm通知, 告知; remind提醒; accuse指控; require要求。下文的内容都是作者通过“豌豆事件”感悟出来的。也就是说, 那些豌豆“提醒”了作者这些道理。故B选项正确。16. A. suppsedB. dubtedC. recalledD. sensed【解析】选D。suppse认为, 假设; dubt怀疑; recall回忆; sense感觉到, 意识到。“豌豆事件”让作者意识到他曾经的生活就像那袋冻豌豆。故D项正确。
17. A. gneB. asleepC. frtunateD. severe【解析】选A。gne离开的, 过去的; asleep睡着的; frtunate幸运的; severe严重的。第一段提到作者的妻子去世了, 即离开了。故A项正确。18. A. friendsB. timesC. lessnsD. surrundings【解析】选D。friend朋友; time次数, 倍数; lessn教训, 功课; surrundings周围环境。根据前面的“a new city”可知, 作者和儿子在一个新的城市生活, 儿子必须要适应新的环境, 还要适应母亲去世这个事实。故D项正确。
19. A. take ffB. give awayC. get thrughD. hld up【解析】选C。take ff起飞; give away赠送, 泄露; get thrugh完成, 渡过, 通过; hld up举起, 支撑。当你认为你永远也不可能度过艰难时期的时候, 记住: 这只不过是一袋散了的冻豌豆。你总会找到所有散落的豌豆(暗指你总会度过艰难时期)。故C项正确。
20. A. clearB. whleC. crrectD. cmplex【解析】选B。clear清楚的; whle完整的, 整个的; crrect正确的; cmplex复杂的。当你将所有的豌豆聚拢到一起的时候, (破碎的)生活将会再次变得完整。故B项正确。
Ⅲ. 语法填空阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Three hundred years ag, the mahu r “hairy mnkeys”quickly became much lved by the peple in Beijing. Hw did smebdy cme up with them?
The stry 1. _________ (g) that the shpkeeper f a Chinese medicine shp was ften seen shuting at his emplyees. One evening an apprentice was tidying up the ingredients(原料)2. _________ (use) t make Chinese medicines in the shp. T pass the time, he fund 3. _________ (he) making a little figure ut f the feathery flwers and the head and legs f a cicada’s(蝉)skin. The apprentice shwed it t his clleagues, 4. _________ (jke) that it lked like their bad-tempered bss.   The little creature became such 5. _________ hit that they started making mre figures. Thus, Beijing’s unbelievable craft f “hairy mnkey” making 6. _________ (brn).  
Nwadays, “hairy mnkeys” are far 7. _________ the mst ppular children’s gifts n the market in Beijing. Mass-prduced tys have 8. _________ (mst) reduced demand fr handmade figures. But that’s nt t say that they have cmpletely died ut. Walk amng the 9. _________ (seller) and giant teddy bear stands f tday’s temple fairs in Beijing, 10. _________ yu might still find a few places selling “hairy mnkeys”. They are withut dubt ne f the city’s mst amazing crafts.  
【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了老北京“毛猴”手艺的由来, 以及“毛猴”手艺的现状。1. 【解析】ges。考查固定用法。句意: 据说, 经常有人看到一家中药店的老板对他的伙计大喊大叫。the stry ges that故事是这样的, 是固定用法, 所以填ges。2. 【解析】used。考查非谓语动词。句意: 一天晚上, 一个学徒正在整理店里用来做中药的原料。the ingredients与use之间是被动关系, 用过去分词作定语, 所以填used。
3. 【解析】himself。考查反身代词。句意: 为了打发时间, 他发现他自己用羽毛似的花朵和蝉皮的头和脚做成了一个小人。文中表示“他发现他自己”, 用反身代词, 所以填himself。4. 【解析】jking。考查非谓语动词。句意: 学徒把它拿给他的同事看, 开玩笑说它看起来像他们脾气暴躁的老板。jke的逻辑主语是The apprentice, 它们之间是主动关系, 用现在分词作状语, 所以填jking。5. 【解析】a。考查冠词。句意: 这个小人是如此大的一次成功, 以至于他们开始制作更多的人物。泛指“一次成功”, hit的首字母发音以辅音音素开头, 所以填不定冠词a。
6. 【解析】was brn。考查时态和固定用法。句意: 于是, 北京令人难以置信的“毛猴”制作工艺诞生了。be brn诞生, 该用法是固定用法。描述发生在过去的事情, 用一般过去时。craft是不可数名词, 所以填was brn。7. 【解析】frm。考查固定短语。句意: 如今, “毛猴”根本不是北京市场上最受欢迎的儿童礼物。far frm根本不, 该短语是固定短语, 所以填frm。8. 【解析】mstly。考查副词。句意: 大量生产的玩具极大减少了对手工玩偶的需求。该空修饰动词reduced, 用副词, 所以填mstly。
9. 【解析】sellers。考查名词单复数。句意: 走在今天北京庙会的摊贩和巨大的泰迪熊摊之间, 你可能还会发现一些卖“毛猴”的地方。“摊贩”是复数意义, 用名词复数, 所以填sellers。10. 【解析】and。考查连词。句意: 走在今天北京庙会的摊贩和巨大的泰迪熊摊之间, 你可能还会发现一些卖“毛猴”的地方。文中表示并列关系, 所以填and。