人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists教案设计

Unit 1 Science and Scientists

Period 1 Reading and thinking 教学设计

The theme of this section is "understanding the questioning mind". By guiding students to analyze John Snow's process and methods of exploring the source of cholera, cutting off the source of infection, and finally preventing the epidemic of cholera, the textbook urges them to think about and sort out the basic steps and common methods of scientific research, and understand the important role of questioning spirit in scientific research.

This paper is a narrative text that describes the development process of events in chronological order.

The steps of scientific research are the hidden clue of the article.

The first paragraph introduces the background of the research. The second paragraph is the first stage of scientific research, that is, raising the question: there were two views on the source of cholera at that time. The following third paragraph describes the research process adopted by Snow: collecting data, analyzing results, finding further evidence, and finally reaching a conclusion. Snow came up with a scientific and effective way to map cholera cases. He marked the residences of all the patients who died of cholera on the map, so that the residences with high mortality could be seen obviously. Snow found that residents of zero death homes did not have water from a pump because they received free beer. As a result, snow suspected that the pump was the problem. Supported by another case, snow concluded that the water in the pump carried cholera bacteria. He immediately had the pump handle removed, cutting off the transmission of cholera. The fourth paragraph reveals the truth about the spread of cholera. It has been proved that the water in Broad Street is polluted by waste, and people who drink such water will greatly increase the probability of getting sick. The last paragraph describes Snow's contribution to the control of cholera transmission.

Thanks to snow's tireless efforts, people began to drink clean water, and the threat of cholera was significantly reduced worldwide. His research results and research methods are also of practical significance to the prevention of cholera today, and "cholera map" has become a classic case of epidemiological research, so snow has won the reputation of "father of epidemiology".

1. Leading students to read about how John Snow defeated “King Cholera”
2. Guiding students to analyze John Snow's scientific process and methods of defeating the epidemic of cholera
3. Instructing stuendents to figure out the basic scientific research steps, and understand the important role of questioning spirit in scientific research.
4. Instructing students to understand the important role of questioning spirit in scientific research.
5. Encouraging students to solve the reading tasks by thinking logically and cooperating with peers.

1.Enable students to work out the stages of scientific research.

2.Cultivate students to form the spirits of raising new questions.

Lead in

Name some famous scientists you know and share some details about them. The teacher can show some some pictures about some famous scientists with the help of the multimedia. If it is too difficult, the teacher can inspire students by asking some questions. Take Charles Darwin for example, the teacher can show a picture about him and then ask a question:Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?

Pre-reading:

Look at the picture, the title and the map, guess what the content of the text is. Then skim it quickly to see if you are right.

key: The text is mainly about John Snow and how he defeated king cholera.

Step 1: Read the text quickly and find out what order would you put the seven stages in?

_____analyze the results

 _____ask a question

_____ draw a conclusion

_____ collect data  

_____ find a problem    

_____ think of a method

_____ find supporting evidence

Key: 1. find a problem  2. ask a question  3. think of a method  4. collect data  5. analyze the results  6. find supporting evidence  7. draw a conclusion

Step 2: Read the text quickly and find out the answers to the following questions.

1. What’s the purpose of the text?

2. What inspired John Snow according to the first paragraph?

3. What’s the use of John Snow’s map in his research?

4. How did John Snow feel about the cause of cholera after he finished the map?

5. Why was cholera called “King Cholera” in the text?

keys:

1. To tell us how John Snow found the cause of cholera and the cure for it.

2. To destroy Cholera once and for all.

3. To help him find the reason of the cholera outbreak by marking the residences of all the patients.

4. Unsure; he suspected that the water pump was to blame. Thus, he needed more supporting proof.

5. Because cholera was the most deadly disease of its day.

Step 3： Read the passage again and complete the chart below.

keys: 1. air  2. food or water  3. marked  4. died  5.water pump  6. had not   7. moving away from Broad Street  8. cholera germs   9. handle.

Step 4：Match the following headers with the letters from the chart above. write A---E in the blanks.

1. conclusion____________
2. evidence _____________
3. process_____________
4. solution _____________
5. theories_____________

keys: 1—5: DCBEA

Step 5： After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:

1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?

2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?

3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?

SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.

keys:

1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.
2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.
3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.

Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:

John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.

Keys: 1. doctor  2. 19th  3.cause  4.infected with  5.hit  6.marked  7.where 8.drunk 

9.pump  10.carried  11.source  12.examined  13.polluted  14.defeated

Homework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points.