（6）历史文化类_2022届新高考英语一轮复习七选五话题专项练

这是一份（6）历史文化类_2022届新高考英语一轮复习七选五话题专项练，共12页。
（6）历史文化类—2022届新高考英语一轮复习七选五话题专项练一、​Globalization has brought different cultures together in a way unimaginable one hundred years ago. Today, Chinese, Indians, Arabs, Africans, Anglos, and Hispanics may all work in the same offices, attend the same schools or live in the same neighborhoods. ①_______ And our society has lately emphasized(强调)the importance of diversity. ②_______ Take the following old proverbs for example. "Honesty is the first chapter in the book of wisdom." Thomas Jefferson, American President. "One falsehood spoils a thousand truths." African proverb. "Be honest to those who are honest, and be also to those who are not honest." Lao Tzu, Chinese philosopher. "A sacrifice is written off by a lie and the merit of devotion by an act of cheat." Hindu saying. ③_______ These seems to be a sort of cultural unity. We don't wish to imply all cultures are the same. Cultural diversity is real, and people from different cultures view many situations in different ways. However, historically, different cultures seem to share many common values. They are justice, courage, patience, generosity, equality, mercy and kindness, respect for the elders, and many more. Lying and stealing appear to be wrong no matter where you go. Perhaps some cultures make room for extenuating circumstances more than others; Perhaps cultures apply these virtues in different ways; and when values disagree, different cultures may place different levels of importance on them. ④_______ But both cultures may still value both. To us, it seems as if there is some sort of code of right and wrong that everyone everywhere seems to understand, regardless of culture. It is almost as if, behind all of the diversity, one finds a common understanding - a human culture, if you will - that goes beyond racial, social, and political boundaries. ⑤_______
A.All people seem to agree that we should tell the truth.
B.As cultures meet with each other, many differences stand out.
C.Each value supports many more sayings from different cultures.
D.We want to show, however, that there is more to these cultures than diversity.
E.These sayings from four separate cultures all support the same value--- honesty.
F.It is almost as if, despite all our differences, we are all still the same ---we are just people.
G.In other words, one culture may lean more toward justice and another culture more toward mercy.二、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Few days ago the government closed the schools for the virus. You were effectively your children's teacher those days. That might seem a bit daunting(令人气馁的), but I'm here to tell you that it's possible. Here are my top tips.Don't try and copy the school system.①_________ So cast that aside. Stop worrying about it. Teach in the way that you would teach and in the way that suits you and your child.Think about something to do with timetabling.For many of us, a timetable is absolutely essential(必要的). ②_________ Don't look on social media at the timetable that your neighbor has posted; that's all colour-coded and terrifying. Just think of one that suits you and stick to that.Have a breath of fresh air in your garden.If you have your own garden, remember that playing in the garden, playing in the mud is education. ③_________ Fresh air will make them learn better. Sunshine will be better for them.④_________As a home educator, if there's a math problem that they're struggling with, I can sit down with them, explain the concept, and make sure they've understood it. This is something that not all children get in the school system. And this is something that you can really make the most of, so cherish the opportunity.Take advantage of the massive wealth of online resources.There're absolutely loads of things on the Internet. There are sites dedicated to home education. There's Twinkl, which is a really good teacher resource site. There's Conquer Math, which is a brilliant daily math programme.​ ⑤_________ Think of it as something that your children can use to gather useful information. So you can work with those online tutors together to educate your children.Tutoring your children at home is a really good opportunity for you to get to know your children, and you might learn something about yourself in the process.A. Value the one-to-one time that this experience will give you.B. Don't worry about what has been happening at school particularly.C. You need to know what is suitable for them, and what excites them.D. The way that teachers teach your children is very different from yours.E. Draw up a plan that matches your working hours and their studying hours.F. Your children don't have to sit at their desks all day, staring at math books.G. Don't think of Internet as something that your children are going to be glued to all day.三、Culture ShockMoving to a new country can be an exciting experience. In a new environment, you somehow feel more alive. Soon, however, the new and delightful feeling turns into stress and discomfort. ①_________ Although not everyone experiences culture shock in exactly the same way, many experts agree that it has roughly five stages.In the first stage, you are excited by your new environment. Your feelings about the new culture are positive, so you are eager to make contact with people and to try new foods.②_________This is the second stage of culture shock. Because you do not know the social customs of the new culture, you may find it difficult to make friends. For instance, you do not understand how to make “small talk,” so it is hard to carry on a casual, get-acquainted conversation. These are not minor challenges; they are major frustrations.In the third stage, you no longer have positive feelings about the new culture. You feel that you have made a mistake in coming here. Making friends hasn’t been easy, so you begin to feel lonely and isolated. ③_________You begin to spend most of your free time with students from your home country, and you eat in restaurants that serve your native food.You know that you are in the fourth stage of culture shock when you have negative feelings about almost everything. ④_________ You become critical, suspicious, and irritable. You believe that people are unfriendly, that your teachers do not like you, and that the food is making you sick.Finally, you reach the fifth stage. As your language skills improve, you begin to have some success in meeting people and in negotiating situations. ​⑤_________After realizing that you cannot change your surroundings, you begin to accept the differences and tolerate them.A.Your self-confidence grows.B.You’ll regret making the decision.C.These are the causes of culture shock.D.In this stage, you actively reject the new culture.E.This is the phenomenon known as culture shock.F.Now you want to be with familiar people and eat familiar food.G.Sooner or later, differences in behavior and customs become noticeable to you.四、Spanish Weddings    Weddings are big and important things in Spain. You're likely to find the whole family and the whole village turn out to celebrate. ①_____ Some of the customs are similar, such as throwing rice, but others are less familiar.    ②_____ The main part of a traditional wedding is that the groom presents the bride with 11 coins, which represent his promise to support her. However, times have changed and today's brides and grooms exchange the coins as a symbol of the wealth they will equally share.    Traditional Spanish weddings do not include bridesmaids(伴娘) or groomsmen(伴郎). ③_____ There is no best man or maid of honor. At the reception, the head table is traditionally set for 6 people: the bride, the groom and their parents. ④_____ Bridesmaids are a part of Spanish weddings.    During the wedding reception, the bride and groom go from table to table carrying a basket with small wedding presents. The men will be offered a cigar or a mini-bottle of wine. And the women will be offered a little present. This may be the time in which guests also "hand back" the preferred wedding gift: money in envelopes. ⑤_____A.Most Spanish weddings are connected with coins.B.But today, with Hollywood's influence, weddings have changed a bit.C.The couple stand together at the altar(圣坛) with no one else.D.Therefore, you will find the traditional weddings are crowded.E.In Spain, the wedding ring is worn on the ring finger of the right hand.F.Invitations are usually sent out one or two weeks before the wedding ceremony.G.Some couples also send out the number of a bank account along with the invitation.五、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Chinese culture values family bonds very much. Family members don’t just gather during the  holidays. In fact they often live under one roof all year round. ①______Families in the East and West are very different from each other.In most East Asian cultures, extended families are common.②______According to the  Atlantic, 90 percent of children in Shanghai and 70 percent of children in Beijing were cared for by their grandparents. Chinese people believe that “a grandparent is a treasure to their family”.In many Western countries, most families are nuclear families (小家庭).These are solely  made up of children and their parents.Additionally, the duties parents have toward their children can also differ. ③______It’s normal for parents to pay for their children’s college, help them find a job, or buy them an apartment. Chinese adults also follow their parents’ opinions when making major life decisions, more often than not.In most Western countries, however, kids usually move out of the house after they turn 18.④______Also, if they choose to keep living with their parents after becoming an adult, it can be seen by some as a failure on their part.While the East cares more about close family bonds, the West values privacy and independence.⑤______Families will always be a source of love, warmth, and care for people around the world.A.These families have three or even four generations living together.B. Nuclear families are the most common type in China.C. In China,many parents look after their children all the way into adulthood.D. Different cultures have different family values.E.But in the end,home is best — east or west.F. Many young people going to college often need to take out loans and work part-time jobs in order to pay for tuition and rent.G. Both Easterners and Westerners value quality family time.六、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。            Think “art”. What comes to your mind? Is it sculptures in the Louvre, or Chinese painting in the Palace Museum? Or maybe, just maybe, it’s a dancing pattern of lights?The artworks by American artist Janet Echelman look like colorful floating clouds when lit up at night. Visitors can not only enjoy looking at them, they can also interact with them - literally.①_________ Exhibits such as these are certainly new and exciting, but are they really art?Whatever your opinion, people have been expressing their thoughts through art with various tools and technologies for thousands of years. Yet Michelangelo and others have been labelled as “artists” rather than “technicians”.②_________   Today, however, technological advances have led to a combination of art and technology. As a result, the art world is changing greatly. ③_________ Take for example one of China’s most famous paintings, Along the River During the Qingming Festival. As this artwork is rarely on display, people have sometimes queued a long time for a chance to see it. Thanks to technology however, millions more people have been able to experience a digital version of it with 3D animation. ④_________ Not only can we interact with art, but also take part in its creation. With new technological tools at our fingertips, more and more people have created exciting new art forms, such as digital paintings and videos.However, such developments are making the line between art and technology less distinct. Is the artist the creator of the art itself, or the maker of the technology behind it? ​⑤_________ But one thing is for sure - with so many artists exploring new possibilities, we can definitely expect the unexpected.A. Now art is more accessible to us than ever before.B. Where technology will take art next is anyone’s guess.C. It’s not important whether they are artists or technicians.D. They do this by using their phones to change their colors and patterns.E. They watch as the different scenes change from daylight into nighttime.F. The art-tech combination is also changing our concepts of “art” and the “artist”.G. This means that art and technology have always been seen as two very separate things.


 
答案以及解析一、答案：BDEGF解析：1. 根据上文 Today, Chinese, Indians, Arabs, Africans, Anglos, and Hispanics may all work in the same offices, attend the same schools or live in the same neighborhoods. 和下文 And our society has lately emphasized the importance of diversity. 可知,上文介绍了文化多样性的现实,下文介绍我们社会最近强调了多样性的重要性。B项意为“当不同的文化相互接触时,许多不同之处就凸显出来了”,承上启下,符合语境。故正确答案为B。2. 根据下文列举的谚语 Honesty is the first chapter in the book of wisdom. 和 One falsehood spoils a thousand truths. 以及 A sacrifice is written off by a lie and the merit of devotion by an act of cheat. 可知,虽然每个国家都有不同的文化,但是不同的文化对于诚实的看法却是一致的,体现了文化的一致性。D项意为“然而,我们想要展示的是,这些文化不仅仅是多样性”。说明“我们”还想展示其他的文化性质,即文化一致性,引出下文,符合语境。故正确答案为D。3. 根据上文的谚语可知,不同国家的不同文化都有关于诚实的谚语。E项意为“来自四种不同文化的名言都支持同样的价值观——诚实”,总结上文,符合语境。故正确答案为E。4. 根据上文 perhaps cultures apply these virtues in different ways; and when values disagree, different cultures may place different levels of importance on them. 可知,当价值观不一致时,不同的文化会对美德给予不同程度的重视。G项意为“换句话说,一种文化更倾向于正义,另一种文化更倾向于仁慈”,承接上文,符合语境。故正确答案为G。5. 根据文章最后一段第二句中 It is almost as if, behind all of the diversity, one finds a common understanding — a human culture 可知,在所有多样性的背后,人们找到了一种共同的理解——一种人类文化,它能超越种族、社会和政治的界限。F项意为“尽管我们有很多不同,但我们仍然是一样的——我们只是普通人”,承接上文,符合语境。故正确答案为F。二、答案：DEFAC解析：这是一篇说明文。因为新冠病毒疫情原因,政府关闭了学校,家长成了孩子们的老师,文章就家长如何在家里教育孩子提供了一些建议。【小题1】根据本段标题Don't try and copy the school system.(不要试图照搬学校的制度)以及后文So cast that aside. Stop worrying about it. Teach in the way that you would teach and in the way that suits you and your child.(所以先把这个扔到一边。别担心了。以你想要教导的方式,以适合你和你的孩子的方式教导)由此可知,本段是在强调学校的教育和家长的教育方式各不相同,家长不需要照搬学校的制度,用适合自己和孩子的方式进行教导就好了。故D选项“老师教你的孩子的方法和你的非常不同”符合上下文语境,故选D。【小题2】根据上文For many of us, a timetable is absolutely essential.可知对我们许多人来说,时间表是绝对必要的。由此可知,本句承接上文说明制定时间表的问题。故E选项“制定一份与你的工作时间和他们的学习时间相匹配的计划”符合上下文语境,故选E。【小题3】根据上文If you have your own garden, remember that playing in the garden, playing in the mud is education.可知如果你有自己的花园,记住,在花园里玩,在泥里玩就是教育。由此可知,孩子们不必非要坐在书桌前才可以学习,在泥里玩也可以是一种教育。故F选项“你的孩子不必整天坐在书桌前,盯着数学书看”符合上下文语境,故选F。【小题4】根据本段内容As a home educator, if there's a math problem that they're struggling with, I can sit down with them, explain the concept, and make sure they've understood it. This is something that not all children get in the school system. And this is something that you can really make the most of, so cherish the opportunity.可知作为一名家庭教育工作者,如果他们遇到数学难题,我可以和他们一起坐下来,解释这个概念,确保他们已经理解了。这并不是所有的孩子都能在学校里学到的东西。这是你可以充分利用的,所以珍惜这个机会。由此可知,本段是在说明家长应当珍惜陪伴孩子学习的这段时光。故A选项“珍惜这段经历给你的一对一的时间”符合上下文语境,故选A。【小题5】根据上文There're absolutely loads of things on the Internet. There are sites dedicated to home education. There's Twinkl, which is a really good teacher resource site. There's Conquer Math, which is a brilliant daily math programme.可知互联网上绝对有很多东西。有一些网站致力于家庭教育。有Twinkl,这是一个非常好的教师资源网站。有“征服数学”,这是一个精彩的每日数学节目。由此可知,网上的资源网站可以帮助家长去发现适合孩子的,可以让孩子兴奋的东西。故C选项“你需要知道什么是适合他们的,什么能机器他们的兴趣”符合上下文语境,故选C。三、答案：EGFDA解析：本文主要讲的是当我们到一个新的环境下,发生的文化冲击,一共有五个阶段,是由开始的兴奋到不适应再到最后的自信慢慢的增加,慢慢适应的过程。1【答案】E【解析】the new and delightful feeling turns into stress and discomfort.新的和愉快的感觉变成了快乐和不适。后面说到尽管不是每个人都经历文化冲击,所以前面是提到这种文化冲击,故选E这种现象被称为文化冲击2【答案】G【解析】你会发现很难交朋友,例如,你不懂的怎样谈话。you may find it difficult to make friends. For instance, you do not understand how to make "small talk" 所以选G或早或晚你会感觉表现和文化的不同就会对你来说显而易见。3【答案】F【解析】so you begin to feel lonely and isolated所以你开始感觉孤独,后面又说你开始花费更多的时间和你家乡的同学,吃以前吃过的餐厅,故选F现在你想要和自己熟悉的人在一起吃熟悉的事物。4【答案】D【解析】你对一切事物有消极情绪you have negative feelings about everything.,所以选D在这个阶段,你表现得拒绝这种新的文化。并未提到B你后悔做这个决定,故排除。5【答案】A【解析】随着你的语言技能的提高,你开始在与人交往和谈判中取得一些成功。As your language skills improve, you begin to have some success in meeting people and in negotiating situations.所以选A你的自信慢慢的增加。四、答案：①-⑤ DACBG
解析：①细节句。根据上一句说全家人和全村人都会来庆祝婚礼可知, 婚礼场面很大, 故选D。 ②主题句。本段说在传统婚礼上新郎赠送新娘11枚硬币, 现在新郎新娘互赠硬币。由此可知, 西班牙婚礼与硬币有联系, 故选A。③细节句。前一句说在传统的西班牙婚礼上没有伴娘和伴郎, 所以此处应该是新婚夫妇站在圣坛旁, 旁边没有他人, 故选C。④细节句。上文说在传统的西班牙婚礼上没有伴郎伴娘, 下文又说伴娘是婚礼的一部分, 这说明现在婚礼变化了。故选B。⑤细节句。上文说新郎新娘到各个嘉宾席上发礼物, 同时客人们也回赠礼金。这说明给新郎新娘礼金是婚礼的习俗, 因而有些夫妇也会在发请帖的时候给出银行账户号码收取礼金。故选G。五、答案：1. D2. A3. C4. F5. E
解析： 1.D.细节理解题.根据前文"In fact they often live under one roof all year round事实上,他们常常一年到头都住在一个屋檐下".可知此处应填"不同的文化有不同的家庭价值观".故选D.2.A.细节理解题.根据前文"In most East Asian cultures, extended families are common在大多数东亚文化中,大家庭是很常见的".可知此处应填"这些家庭有三代甚至四代人住在一起".故选A.3.C.细节理解题.根据前文"Additionally, the duties parents have toward their children can also differ此外,父母对孩子的责任也可能不同".可知此处应填"在中国,许多父母照顾他们的孩子一直到成年".故选C.4.F.推理判断题.根据下文"if they choose to keep living with their parents after becoming an adult, it can be seen by some as a failure on their part如果他们选择在成年后继续和父母住在一起,这在一些人看来是失败的".可知此处应填"许多上大学的年轻人经常需要贷款和做兼职工作来支付学费和房租".故选F.5.E.推理判断题.根据前文"While the East cares more about close family bonds, the West values privacy and independence东方更关心亲密的家庭关系,而西方则重视隐私和独立".可知此处应填"但最终,家是最好的一东或西".故选E.六、答案：DGAFB解析：这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了,技术给予艺术新的活力,许多艺术家创造了令人兴奋的新艺术形式。【1题详解】本文讲技术给予艺术新的活力,由第二段“美国艺术家珍妮特·埃切曼的作品在夜晚被照亮时,就像是五彩缤纷的浮云。游客们不仅可以欣赏它们,还可以与它们互动。”可知,游客可通过手机来改变作品,与作品互动,承接上文,D选项“他们用手机来改变颜色和图案。”切题。故选D项。【2题详解】由上两句“不管你怎么看,几千年来人们一直用各种工具和技术通过艺术表达自己的思想。然而米开朗基罗和其他人被称为“艺术家”而不是“技术人员”。”可知,艺术和技术是两个不一样的东西,承接上文,G选项“这意味着艺术和技术一直被视为两个截然不同的东西。”切题;该选项中的art和technology对应上文中的artists和technicians。故选G项。【3题详解】由下面三句“以中国最著名的画作《清明上河图》为例。由于这件艺术品很少展出,人们有时会排很长时间等着看。然而,多亏了技术的发展,数百万人得以通过3D动画体验数码版本。”可知,技术让人们接触到平常看不到的作品,使得艺术更容易接触,承接下文,A选项“现在我们比以前更容易接触到艺术。”切题。故选A项。【4题详解】由下两句“我们不仅可以与艺术互动,也可以参与艺术创作。随着新的技术工具在我们的指尖,越来越多的人创造了令人兴奋的新艺术形式,如数码绘画和视频。”可知,人人都可参与创造艺术,成为艺术家,创造新艺术形式,传统的“艺术”和“艺术家”的概念在改变,承接下文,F选项“艺术与技术的结合也在改变我们对“艺术”和“艺术家”的概念。”切题。故选F项。【5题详解】本文讲技术给予艺术新的活力,由倒数第二段“然而,这样的发展使得艺术和技术之间的界限越来越模糊。艺术家是艺术本身的创造者,还是背后技术的创造者?”和下一句“但有一件事是肯定的——有这么多艺术家在探索新的可能性,我们肯定可以期待意想不到的。”可知,技术使得它与艺术之间的界限变小,概念模糊,有些问题也难以回答,也猜不到技术会把艺术导向哪里,但艺术具有可能性,前景光明,承接上下文,B选项“技术下一步将把艺术带到哪里是谁都猜不到的。”切题。故选B项。