（3）新闻报道类_2022届新高考英语一轮复习七选五话题专项练

这是一份（3）新闻报道类_2022届新高考英语一轮复习七选五话题专项练，共11页。
（3）新闻报道类—2022届新高考英语一轮复习七选五话题专项练一、    Researchers worldwide are racing to develop potential vaccines and drugs to fight COVID-19. Now, a group of researchers has figured out the molecular (分子的) structure of a key protein that the coronavirus uses to invade(侵犯) human cells. ①________    Previous research shows that the coronaviruses invade cells through the so-called "spike" proteins, but those proteins take on different shapes in different coronaviruses. Figuring out the shape of the spike protein in the novel coronavirus is the key to figuring out how to target the virus. ②________ But the spike protein is the major surface protein that it uses to combine with a receptor—another protein that acts like a doorway into a human cell. After the spike protein combines with the human cell receptor, the viral membrane combines with the human cell membrane, allowing the genome of the virus to enter human cells and begin infection. To prevent attachment and combination, people will prevent entry. ③________    Earlier this month, researchers published the genome of the novel coronavirus. They identified the specific genes that code for the spike protein and then sent that gene information to a company that creates the genes. The group then injected those genes into mammalian cells in a lab dish. ④________ Next, using a very detailed microscopy technique called cryogenic electron microscopy, the group created a 3D "map", or " blueprint" of the spike proteins. The blueprint revealed the structure of the molecule. ⑤________ It's a very important step forward and may help with the development of a vaccine against COVID-19. The spike protein would be the likely choice for the rapid development of vaccine antigens and treatments. A. Soon those cells produced the spike proteins.B. It mapped the location of each of its atoms in space.C. It potentially opens the door to the development of a vaccine.D. Compared to normal vaccine development, it may take 10 years.E. But to target this protein, humans need to know what it looks like.F. The structure shows that the molecule is stable in the correct situation.G. The coronavirus uses many different proteins to reproduce and invade cells.二、The U. N.'s Millennium Development Goals included the ambition that by 2015 all the world's children would complete primary school. This has largely been achieved: Nine out of ten children are now enrolled. ①_____. Even though most of the world's children go to school, an awful lot of them learn pretty much nothing there. According to a recent World Bank study of seven sub-Saharan African countries, half of nine-year-olds cannot read a simple word and three-quarters cannot read a simple sentence. ②_____. The same study found that only 7% of teachers had the minimum knowledge needed to teach reading and writing effectively. When classrooms were inspected to see whether a teacher was present, half the time the answer was no.③_____. It seems to bring about bigger improvements in poor countries than in rich ones. Some of the scarce resources being spent on teachers could therefore be better spent on EdTech. That does not mean dumping computers on schools in the hope that children will understand how to use them, a folly on which plenty of money will be wasted. ④_____, that gets things right more often than the teachers do, that adjusts itself to the child's ability, that sends teachers clues about what they are supposed to teaching and that allows the authorities to check on whether the teacher is in the classroom.Technology is no panacea(灵丹妙药).Good traditional teachers are not outdated, and are never likely to be. ⑤_____. But EdTech can help greatly—by monitoring pupils and teachers alike, assisting the best teachers and, most importantly, making up for the failings of the worst.A. The reason is terrible teachingB. Several recent studies suggest EdTech can helpC. Paying teachers more in the hope of employing better ones is not the answerD. Regrettably, the figure is not as impressive as it soundsE. Instead, it means providing schools with software that children can use without any help from an adultF. Devices can be taken to where there is a connection to upload or download the necessary informationG. And authorities need to hold teacher to account三、   “I’m saying goodbye”: Maria Sharapova retires from tennis     "Tennis-I’m saying goodbye.”①_____    "How do you leave behind the only life you’ve ever known?” she asked herself. ②_____    Over the last couple of years, she’s dealt with an injury in her right shoulder and inflammation(炎症) in her forearms that may have prevented her from returning to top form. In more recent news, the death of her longtime friend, US basketball legend Kobe Bryant, also played a factor in her decision to retire.    "As I think you’ve seen throughout my career, my perseverance has been my greatest tool, my greatest strength.” Sharapova said in an interview. “But I've started feeling like it was becoming a weakness. ③_____” Sharapova rose to stardom at age 17 when she won Wimbledon in 2004.She won a total of four Grand Slam singles titles: the 2006 US Open, the 2008 Australian Open, and the 2012 and 2014 French Open. She also earned the Fed Cup title in Russia in 2008 and an Olympic silver medal in singles in 2012, among many other accomplishments.    For 16 straight years from 2004, Sharapova was the world’s highest-earning female athlete, according to Forbes. Off the court, she made millions of dollars from companies such as Evian and Nike, as well as starting her own candy company.    "④_____”Sharapova wrote on Facebook on Feb 26,alongside a photo of herself as a young girl with a tennis racquet(球).“It’s how I tested myself and how I measured my growth. ⑤​_____I’ll still be pushing. I’ll still be climbing. I’ll still be growing.”A.Although I have left the tennis world where I achieved so much,B.Maria Sharapova has left the tennis court for some reasons.C.Tennis showed me the world—and it showed me what I was made of.D.And so in whatever I might choose for my next chapter, my next mountainE.With these words, Russian tennis superstar Maria Sharapova, 32, has announced her retirement.F.because the stubbornness that was keeping me going was keeping me going for wrong reasons.G.Several reasons played a role in Sharapova leaving the tennis court for good.四、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。    "Cash is king" is an age-old saying. ①_____ When in Berlin, do not count on getting around easily with just a credit card. "Cash only" signs hang on front doors of shops and restaurants across the city.    ②_____ After all, Germany is Europe's leading economy and famous for technological know-how. But, even while some of its neighbors in Europe and elsewhere are quickly swapping physical money for new pay technologies, many Germans prefer their euro bills. Cash is quick and easy to use, they argue. It provides a clear picture of personal spending, keeps transactions(交易) more private and is widely accepted in the country.A study by the country's central bank said Germans carried an average of 107 euros in their wallet. ③_____ Three-quarters of Americans in a US bank survey said they carried less than $ 50, and one-quarter said they kept $ 10 or less in their wallet.    ④_____ In 2008, for the first time, Germans used plastic for payments more than bills. According to a report, in Cologne, 48.6% of sales took place with a debit or a credit card, compared with 48.3% in cash.    Still, Germany has one of the highest rates of cash use in the European Union. The most important reasons for the close relationship between Germans and cash are their needs for protection of personal data, security and confidentiality(保密) of payments. ⑤_____ But the average German's need for security will be sure to slow the process.A. This may be surprising to some.B. It's far more than what Americans carry.C. Change may happen in future generations.D. Germany is not the only country that prefers cash.E. For much of Germany, however, the phrase is still up to date.F. It doesn't matter if you've never heard of the saying.G. That's not to say that Germans rule out other modem payment methods.五、阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。   In the middle of the Pacific Ocean lies the tiny island nation of Tuvalu, the fourth smallest country in the world. This group of four islands and five atolls(islands made from coral)is famous for its sandy beaches and turquoise(蓝绿色的)waters and has long been a popular tourist destination for nearby New Zealanders. However, the nation of Tuvalu is at risk of soon no longer existing; not because of war or political change, but because it will be covered by the rising ocean.   Tuvalu is experiencing the harmful effects of global warming. As global temperatures rise, so too does the ocean temperature. Due to the scientific law of “thermal expansion,” when water heats it get bigger.①_______Most experts claim that the effects of climate change will make Tuvalu uninhabitable within the next 50 years. Problems are already emerging. As sea levels rise, ocean water containing high levels of salt is travelling further and further inland destroying the little amount of soil Tuvaluans have to grow crops.Even before Tuvaluans began to suffer from the effects of climate change, lift on Tuvalu was tough.​②_______Most of the land on an atoll is rock-hard arid any soil that exists on it is usually thin and poor for growing crops. The nation has always had to import food apart from fish.More serious than Tuvalu’s lack of home-grown food has been its lack of drinking water.③_______Therefore, Tuvaluans depend almost entirely on rainwater for their water needs. Unfortunately, due to a geographical phenomenon known as La Nina, Tuvalu often suffers from long periods of drought. In autumn 2010,after seven months of no rain, the Prime Minister had to declare a state of emergency riot only because of a lack of drinking water, but also because the water left was polluted with cholera(霍乱).④_______.Tuvalu’s problems have led some of its 11,000 inhabitants to consider migrating to Australia or New Zealand.⑤_______They know they’ll have to someday, but for as 1ong as possible, they want to remain and make the world aware of what is happening to their homeland due to climate change.A.It was a desperate situation and, but for emergency shipments from New Zealand and Australia, many Tuvaluans would have died.   B.This is largely due to the geological makeup of atolls.C.Unlike normal islands, atolls have no rivers or streams, which means that most of Tuvalu has no groundwater to use for drinking.D.Tuvalu’s representatives demanded that nations should take a more responsible rote in reducing gas emissions.   E.Therefore, sea levels are rising and for low-lying Tuvalu, this spells disaster.F.However, they ate not willing to abandon the land of their forefathers so easily.G.And as a member of the United Nations, they are doing just that.六、What's in a logo?    What attracts customers? ①_____ It is not only the image provided by the packaging that counts but the whole corporate identity(企业形象) of the company.    There are now many products and services on the market which are similar in content though produced by different companies. It is important, therefore, for a company to distinguish itself from its competitors by haying a strong company image which is immediately recognizable.    Logos are part of this image. ②_____ The logo establishes a visual(视觉的) identity for the company, just as different groups of young people express their identity through hairstyles and clothes. All groups from all cultures and throughout the ages have used colors and symbols to show their identity.    ③_____ Some colors may be connected with coldness in one culture but with warmth in another; some colors represent life in one culture but death in another. International companies have, therefore, to make sure that their logos will not be misunderstood in different countries.    The logos of large international companies are instantly recognizable throughout the world. ④_____ The design of "Coca-Cola" has not changed since 1886, although the surrounding design has been changed from time to time.    Companies need to have a strong corporate identity. The logo helps to promote this image and to fix it in the minds of the consumers. ⑤_____A. One of the most famous logos is that of Coca-Cola.B. Color isn't a strictly visual element; it's very psychological.C. In different cultures, different colors carry different meanings.D. Logos, therefore, need to be original and to have a certain impact and unique style.E. There was a time when Coca-Cola was struggling a bit with brand recognition.F. Obviously the quality of a product does, but visual images contribute a great deal.G. They are symbols which often include a name or the first letters of it to identify a company.
答案以及解析一、答案：CGEAB
解析：本文是一篇新闻报道。全球各地的研究人员都在研发疫苗和药物来对抗新型冠状病毒,现在,一组研究人员已经弄清这种冠状病毒用以入侵人类细胞的一种关键蛋白质的分子结构,为疫苗的进一步研发打开了大门。 ①根据设空处前一句可知,一组研究人员已经弄清这种冠状病毒用以入侵人类细胞的一种关键蛋白质的分子结构,说明这项研究可能为疫苗的研发打开了大门。故选C项。误解分析:有的同学会误选F项,认为它和前面一句话中都提到了蛋白质的分子结构,但是该项无法引起下文和本文的主题。②G项中的many different proteins与下一句中的major surface protein对应,即虽然冠状病毒利用许多不同的蛋白质复制并入侵细胞,但刺突蛋白是其用来与受体——另一种充当进入人体细胞的通道的蛋白质——结合的主要表面蛋白。③上一句说到阻止附着和结合,人们就能阻止病毒进入(人体细胞),解决问题要“知己知彼”,E项“但是要锁定这种蛋白质,人们需要知道它是什么样子的”承接上文,并且衔接下文的“研究者发布新型冠状病毒的基因组并揭示刺突蛋白的分子结构”,符合语境。④根据上一句可知,研究小组将这些基因注入实验室培养器皿中的哺乳动物细胞中。A项中的"those cells produced"符合生物的特性,与上一句衔接紧密,且与下一句“接下来,使用一种叫作低温电子显微术的非常精细的显微技术,这个小组创造了一份这些刺突蛋白的3D‘地图’,或者说‘蓝图’”紧密结合。⑤根据上文的a 3D "map", or "blueprint"可知这是研究人员的重大发现,设空处前一句提到这份蓝图揭示了这种分子的结构,B项“它绘制了它的每个原子的空间分布形态图”承接上文。"It"指代的是上一句中的"The blueprint"。二、答案：①-⑤DABEG
解析：①上文指出这个目标大部分已经实现了,下文内容发生转折,指出尽管世界上大多数儿童都去了学校,但是他们之中有很多人在那里几乎什么都没学到。D项承上启下,符合语境。 ②根据世界银行最近针对撒哈拉以南非洲地区七个国家的一份研究,有一半的九岁孩子连一个简单的单词都不会念,四分之三的孩子读不懂简单的句子。而空后一句指出, 仅有7%的老师达到有效教读写的最低知识要求量。A项承上启下,符合语境。③第一段讲述了目前的情况,接下来的几段主要讲述解决问题的方法。本空位于段首,是本段的主题句。本段的内容都是围绕教育科技展开说明的。所以B项符合语境。④上文提到一些用在教师身上的稀缺资源可以被更好地用在教育科技上,这并不意味着将计算机堆放在学校里。 E项与空前形成对比,符合语境。⑤本空前一句指出传统的优秀教师并不会过时,也不可能过时,空后一句指出教育科技可以在教学过程中起辅助作用。G项承上启下,符合语境。 三、答案：EGFCD解析：文章主要叙述网球运动员莎拉波娃退役的相关情况。①E考查代词指代。选项中“these words”和”announce”对应前面那句话“Tennis-I’m saying goodbye”。②G考查主题句关键词。承接下文中沙拉波娃退役的各项原因。③F考查前后文因果关系判断。前文提到她的坚持是一直支撑她继续的力量源泉,同时也是她的一个弱点。下文从逗号的原因状语从句解释为什么是弱点的原因。④C考查名词关键词。 4句是她写的一句话,后文讲旁边还附有一张小女孩拿球的照片以及下文说她一直在勉励自己。推出前文讲自己和网球之间的关系,网球对她的影响。⑤D考查连词。从后文中时态一将来时以及“still”单词等看出讲的是她对退役之后的规划。四、答案：①-⑤ EABGC解析：①空格前引用一句古老的谚语，介绍现金的重要性，空格 后说明德国重视现金的现状。E项中"the phrase"指的是空前的"Cash is king"，"still up to date"与前句中的"age-old"相对，副词however表示前后文之间为转折关系，故E项符合语境。②空格后"After all"说明后文是对前文的进一步解释说明。德国经济在欧洲领先，并以技术发达著称，在这样一个现代化的国家大多数人却仍然使用传统的现金支付，难免让人感到惊讶。A项中This指代前文中的德国现金支付的状况"surprising to some"与后文中的支撑性细节吻合,故选择A项。③空格前提到德国中央银行调查发现德国人平均每人钱包里会放107欧元，空格后介绍美国银行的调查结果，四分之三的美国人携带不足50美元的现金，四分之一的美国人钱包里只有10美元或者更少。由此推知，空格处引出美国的调查结果来与德国作对比，以此突显出德国人对现金的偏好。B项符合上下文语境， It指代前文中的"an average of 107 euros"。④文章前三段主要介绍德国人依赖现金的现象,该段介绍德国人也逐渐使用信用卡等现代化的支付手段，所以空格处需要转换话题的句子。G项"这并不是说德国人排除其他现代支付方式"符合语境。⑤虽然借记卡、信用卡等支付手段逐渐在德国被接受，但德国还是欧盟国家中使用现金支付最多的国家之一。他们对现金的钟爱主要是出于对个人数据、安全和支付保密需求。空格后连词But说明前后文间是转折关系，普通的德国人的安全需求一定会减缓这一进程。"the process"应该指的是未来支付方式可能发生变化，故选择C项。五、答案：
1.客观填空 E
2.客观填空 B
3.客观填空 C
4.客观填空 A
5.客观填空 F
解析： 1.【答案】E【解析】考查上下句的联系。根据后句Most experts claim that the effects of climate change will make Tuvalu uninhabitable within the next 50 years(多数专家声称,气候变化的影响将使图瓦卢在未来50年内无法居住),可知选项E:Therefore,sea levels are rising and for low-lying Tuvalu,this spells disaster(因此,海平面正在上升,对于地势低洼的图瓦卢来说,这意味着灾难。)符合上下句的逻辑关系,故选E。2.【答案】B【解析】考查上下句的联系。根据后句Most of the land on an atoll is rock-hard arid any soil that exists on it is usually thin and poor for growing crops(在环礁上的大部分土地都是岩石坚硬的,任何在其上生存的土壤通常都是稀薄的,不利于作物生长。),可知选项B:This is largely due to the geological makeup of atolls.(这主要是由环礁的地质组成)符合上下句的逻辑关系,故选B。3.【答案】C【解析】考查上下句的联系。根据上句More serious than Tuvalu's lack of home-grown food has been its lack of drinking water(比图瓦卢缺乏本土食物更严重的是缺乏饮用水),可知选项C:Unlike normal islands, atolls have no rivers or streams, which means that most of Tuvalu has no groundwater to use for drinking.(与普通岛屿不同,环礁没有河流或溪流,这意味着图瓦卢大部分地区没有地下水可供饮用。)符合上下句的逻辑关系,故选C。4.【答案】A【解析】考查上下句的联系。根据上句In autumn 2010,after seven months of no rain,the Prime Minister had to declare a state of emergency riot only because of a lack of drinking water,but also because the water left was polluted with cholera(2010年秋,在经历了7个月的干旱之后由于下雨,首相不得不宣布进入紧急暴乱状态,这不仅是因为缺乏饮用水,还因为剩下的水被霍乱污染了),可知选项A:It was a desperate situation and,but for emergency shipments from New Zealand and Australia,many Tuvaluans would have died.(这是一个绝望的局面,如果没有新西兰和澳大利亚的紧急运输,许多图瓦卢人会死)符合上下句的逻辑关系,故选A。5.【答案】F【解析】考查上下句的联系。根据上句Tuvalu's problems have led some of its 11,000 inhabitants to consider migrating to Australia or New Zealand(图瓦卢的问题导致其1.1万居民中的一些人考虑移居澳大利亚或新西兰。),可知选项F:However,they ate not willing to abandon the land of their forefathers so easily.(然而,他们不愿意如此轻易地放弃祖先的土地。)符合上下句的逻辑关系,故选F。六、答案：①-⑤ FGCAD解析：①该空前一句“What attracts customers?”为设问句，问的是什么吸引顾客，空处肯定要回答前句的问话；F项说的是显然是产品的质量（吸引顾客），但是视觉形象也很重要，故F项符合语境。且选项F中的 images与该空后面的 the image形成词汇上的对应。②该空前面的"Logos are part of this image"承上启下，指标志是企业形象的组成部分，那空处就应该是对"logo"一词的解释。选项G中的They指代的是前句的"Logos"，故选G项。③根据该空后面的内容可知，本段讲述有些颜色在不同国家和不同文化中代表的含义不同，由此可知选项C正确。④根据该空前的"The logos of large international companies are instantly recognizable throughout the world"可知，大型国际公司的标志在全世界范围内都能被一眼认出来；紧接着以可口可乐公司的标志为例，由此可知，选项A符合语境。该选项中的 Coca-Cola也与下句话中的Coca-Cola形成对应。⑤空处位于段尾，该空前面讲述的是标志有助于推广公司强有力的企业形象并使其在消费者心中根深蒂固，即说明了标志对企业形象的重要性。那么，既然如此重要，标志应该有什么特点才能达到这一目的呢？选项D中的"therefore"是解题的关键，D项意为“因此，标志必须具有原创性，并具有一定的影响力和独特的风格。”